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§3 SCIENTIFIC LIBRARY J

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE

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GOVB»Nfc>HNT FRETTING CITJC1

11—8625

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES

HOW EFFECTIVE SERVICE AND ECONOMY OF
OPERATION MAY BE FURTHERED.

Supplement to

The Science of Railways

BY

MARSHALL M. K T\

PUBLISHED BY

THE WORLD RAILWAY PUBLISHING CO.

NEW YORK AND CHICAGO:

THE WORLD RAILWAY PUBLISHING COMPANY.

1904.

Copyright by

The World Railway Publishing Company,

1904.

Also Entered at Stationer's Hall, London, England.

Ail rights reserved.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS.

Page,
Motive Power of Railroads, and Men, - - - 5

Chapter I, Supervisory Methods of the Motive Power Depart-
ment, and their extent and usefulness, - - - - 7

Chapter II, Details of the Arrangement and Administration of

the Department of Motive Power and Machinery, - - 15

Chapter III, Returns and Exhibits. Their use and great value, 34

Chapter IV, List of Returns and Exhibits. Specific Draft of
each Return and Exhibit, made to or by those in charge of
Motive Power and Machinery in regard to Location of
Locomotives; Condition; Use of Locomotives; Repairs
made; Supplies used in their working; Details of Break-
downs and other defects; Comparative work done ; Relative
cost of Supplies and Repairs; Employes on Engines and at
Shops; Wages thereof, and other important details con-
nected with the Motive Power Department of a Railway, 41

Chapter V, Locomotive and Train Mileage, - - - - 246

Index, --.-.----- 255

£0-2-4-1

INTRODUCTION

MOTIVE POWER OF RAILROADS AND MEN.

The motive power of a railroad is like cash in hand
or good credit in the case of an individual. It makes
things go ; and if wisely handled represents a great and
potential force — Prosperity, in fact. The care and wis-
dom exercised, therefore, in Supervising and adminis-
tering the locomotive department tends to the pros-
perity of railroads, or the reverse. Everything, then,
that helps toward good government, adds knowledge
and incentive in regard to the affairs of this great and
little known department, is not only of value to the
department but to owners and managers generally.
Hence the writing of books like this and others re-
lating to railway operations. To the widely experi-
enced and responsible officials in charge of the power
department, what is written, descriptive and other-
wise, of their branch of the service seems superficial;
of little or no value— primary in fact. And this is
true so far as it personally concerns such officials. But
technical books are not written for those already wise,
but for those who seek wisdom; who wish to supple-
ment their limited knowledge and experience with that
of others. Hence such books, and hence writers in
such fields need neither apologists nor advocates.

CHAPTER I.

SUPERVISORY METHODS AND THEIR EXTENT AND
USEFULNESS.

In connection with the supervisory work of loco-
motives, it needs no argument with practical railway
men to prove that, in order to secure the greatest pos-
sible economy and effectiveness of both engines and
machinery, they should be maintained at the maxi-
mum efficiency. Not only is cost of repairs greatly
increased with eyery hour of neglect, but effective ser-
vice is correspondingly impaired. The usurious price
that a railway company pays for shortage of equipment
or lack of means to remove an engine from service and
make repairs as needed, is out of all proportion to the
saving effected in the number of locomotives or the
momentary lightening of the expense account. It is
with locomotives and machinery as it is with a leaky
roof; not only is the immediate defect heightened, but
it involves other and multiplied losses, so that the ulti-
mate cost of repairs spreads and increases with every
hour of neglect. " A stitch in time saves nine" is not
a mere figure of speech but the dictate of a wise and
thrifty housewife; and it is a maxim that applies with
even greater force to the complex and costly machinery
of a locomotive, the wear and tear of which is constant
and destructive under the most favorable circum-
stances.

Every one immediately responsible for the use and
care of the locomotives and machinery of a railroad
fully appreciates this. But their wisdom and effect-
iveness is rendered nugatory if it is not equally well
understood — and acted upon — by their superiors who
are immediately responsible for operations as a whole.

7

8 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

A feature of locomotive supervision that the onlooker
does not much regard if, indeed, he thinks of it at
all, is the practical knowledge and acumen required to
apportion locomotives to the various parts of a road
with good judgment, according to the fitness of the
machine to do the work, the urgency of the work, and
its comparative value from the earnings point of view to
the carrier. In the case of a widely extended railway —
and all of our railways are widely extended — the distri-
bution of engines to meet needed requirements when
business is pressing, must at once tax and rack those
in charge of motive power almost to the point of des-
peration. For it goes without saying that no railroad
can possibly provide itself with sufficient engines to do,
with ease, the maximum amount of service that may
be required for a particular day, or wTeek, or month in
the year. The number necessary to meet ordinary
conditions, with a margin for emergencies, is the most
that any company can afford. When, therefore, a
rush occurs as it will frequently, and often unexpect-
edly, the niceties, perplexities, and harassments of ap-
portioning the engines judiciously to meet such emer-
gencies, is too apparent to require comment. This
is one feature of locomotive supervision and perhaps as
important, if not more important, than any other single
thing connected with the service. How to get the
most out of the power, make it most productive of
revenue and public utility, with the least incidental
expense, wear and tear, and disarrangement of service,
is the problem that ever confronts those in charge.
For in order to utilize locomotives to the best advan-
tage in emergencies (and at other times as well), it is
not only necessary to know what particular engines
are in service or available for service, but what each
engine can do; what kind of service it is best adapted
to. For in the economy of the department, machines
are classed all the way from the light serviceable en-

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES. 9

gines to those capable of hauling a heavy train at the
highest rate of speed. There is as much difference, it
may be truly said, between locomotives as there is be-
tween men or women. Some will work cheerfully and
to their fullest capacity in all kinds of weather and
under all circumstances; while others must be coddled
and petted and fussed over. One will be capable of
hauling a great load at a high rate of speed; while an-
other will haul a great load but only at the minimum
rate. Some will be quick to move, others slow. The
condition of the engine has also to be considered. And
so it goes ; each having peculiarities that require those
in charge to be familiar with in order to use them to
the best advantage.

In practical working it has been found to conserve
both economy and effectiveness to keep expert engin-
eers traveling on a line to scrutinize the workings of
engines and give directions to engineers and firemen
as circumstances require, or the improvements and
changes in service, from time to time, suggest. Such
supervisory work is found especially necessary and
valuable in connection with the use of fuel. If the
firing of an engine is carelessly or ignorantly performed,
great waste of fuel and power occur in consequence.
Both economy, the good of the machine and the load
hauled, depend so much upon scientific firing that
this feature of the service claims and receives the
constant attention of those responsible for effective
working of the motive power department.

Another supervisory feature of the service is the
critical examinations firemen must pass, both before
entering the service and at the end of the first, sec-
ond and third years of their work; and, indeed, after
they have been commissioned as engineers, up to the
time they are admitted to the passenger service. Such
examinations were unknown in early days as were
many other features now thought indispensable. In-

10 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

deed, many roads now seek to correct the deficiency
in former practice, as regards examination of firemen,
by requiring engineers, who did not pass such an exam-
ination, to do so now. This on the theory that such
examinations are not only necessary for the good of the
company and the safety of the public, but for the
well-being of the engineer himself. However, practi-
cal experience counts for much (is better than perfec-
tion in theory), and so the examinations in respect to
old engineers are not, it may be said, as rigid as in
the case of firemen progressing toward a higher posi-
tion.

Of the intrinsic value of these examinations there
can be no question and the writer has had many com-
mendatory letters from engineers and firemen in regard
to the value to them of certain parts of the "Science
of Railways" that relate to such matters, as well as
those of a more general nature in regard to the de-
partment of motive power and machinery.

It is perhaps true in regard to the supervision and
needs of locomotives, that if all those that a railroad
operates passed daily under the scrutiny of the official
in charge of the department, his personal supervision
over them, his knowledge of their needs in the way of
repairs and betterments, would perhaps suffice: — pro-
vided he was also able to look after the practical things
connected therewith, such as the scrutiny of the parts
affected, details of labor and machinery and tools. But
this is impossible. He can only be at one place at a
time while his engines are scattered over hundreds or
thousands of miles of roads, some actively employed,
others filling the round house and repair shops. Yet
he must have definite knowledge of every locomotive,
where it is, what service it is performing, and its con-
dition.

Now, how are the Superintendent of Motive Power
and Machinery and his assistants to know about loco-

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES. 11

motives that they never get more than a glimpse of,
and in regard to the details of which they are neces-
sarily ignorant. Manifestly, in order to know about
these locomotives, their utility, usefulness, whether
they fulfill the requirements of the service, what re-
pairs and betterments, if any, are necessary, they must
derive their information through returns sent them by
subordinates and others. With these before them they
know, with approximate accuracy, the condition of
each particular locomotive and, summing up the whole,
of the locomotives in the aggregate. Such being
the case the immense value of returns furnishing
specific intelligence in regard to every detail becomes
apparent at a glance. Through them, those in charge
of the department keep in touch with what is going on,
and are able to meet all the varied and pressing
needs of the service from day to day, and so meet
the just expectation of the management and pub-
lic requirements. The methods employed, indeed,
in this respect, are not materially different from
those found necessary in all the various depart-
ments of a railway. Thus, those in charge of traffic,
through the returns they receive, are kept advised of
the progress and needs of business. The same is true
of the department of accounts; for, from the returns
there centered, business is classified and earnings com-
puted, and balances ascertained. And similarly, in
the operating department, the reports that reach the
head, and so on down the line, are .such as to enable
the management to wisely supervise operations, safe-
guard lives and property, and expedite business gen-
erally.

The returns of the locomotive department are, as
in other departments, the eyes through which those
in charge see what is going on. These returns are made
by those conversant with the facts and are made to
those whose duties require them to know the facts, or

12 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS,

such generalization of the same as the service demands.
Operations and needs are thus focused. These
returns portray every feature of activity and through
them, from day to day, what is going on at far dis-
tant points, is distinctly and quickly focused, and
such action taken as circumstances require. These
necessary and invaluable forms will be found else-
where herein. They contain full explanatory
notes in regard to their purpose and how used.
Through them officers know the number of men
engaged in working, repairing, maintaining, clean-
ing, and looking after the equipment; how many
engines are available, where engines are needed,
how many are in the hospital, when they will
be fit for service — information so full and specific
that it has but to be studied for the officials to inform
themselves effectively in regard to every needed re-
quirement.

This is how Locomotive Supervision in its practical
sense is utilized and applied. In this way those in
charge of motive power watch the inspection of loco-
motives, and their general condition and special feat-
ures, including boilers, fire-boxes, stay-bolts, steam-
gauges, safety valves; the location of each loco-
motive; how each locomotive is employed; the
condition of locomotives; those in working order;
those needing repairs; those undergoing repairs;
the nature of the repairs; when the repairs
will be completed; the distribution of locomotives;
the particulars and cost of repairs of locomotives;
the boilers that have been cleaned; failures in per-
formance of work; the nature (cause) of the failure
of locomotives; valve motion; breaking down of par-
ticular parts of engines, such as wheels, tires, couplers,
driving boxes, brasses, cylinder heads, eccentric fix-
tures, rods and straps, pistons and rods, valves, rocker
shafts, crossheads, crank pins, stay bolts and other

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES. 13

miscellaneous (specified) parts of the locomotive; the
mileage of wheels, steel tires, etc.; the wheels and tires
that have been removed; the failure of guaranteed
parts; the mileage of locomotives; train movements;
the switching service; delays of engines; wrecks; acci-
dents; stock killed; actual performance of locomotives;
consumption of fuel and oil per unit of service; lubri-
cation; the force employed on locomotives; the hours
worked and the wages of engineers and firemen; the
force employed in and about shops; their wages; ma-
terial ordered, how used and quantity on hand; to what
accounts labor and material are charged; the tools and
machinery at shops; the condition of stationary boilers
and shop fixtures; result of mechanical examinations
of firemen and others; particulars regarding the em-
ployment of the force; its supervision; government;
complaints, etc.

This enumeration of supervisory work, while far from
complete, is yet sufficient to call attention to the vast
number of specific things, every one of which is im-
portant, that require the attention of the Superintend-
ent of Motive Power and his assistants; work all im-
portant to the economical and effective operation of a
property.

Especial attention is called to the different returns
—blanks — embodied herein. No one can be advised
in regard to the workings of the locomotive depart-
ment unless familiar with these interesting exhibits.
From them he will get more than a glimpse of the
practical details that attend the maintenance and oper-
ation of engines. He will be able to scan the vast
and busy field and so make long and valuable strides
toward a personal and practical understanding of its
multitudinous affairs. This understanding will be of
vast interest and importance to every one connected
with the power service ; and only less so to the officers
and ambitious employes of the operating department,

14 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

whose usefulness depends so greatly on the efficiency
and co-operation of the locomotive department. Every
branch of the service is dependent in a measure, it
may be said, on the way locomotives are handled.
Much can be done toward securing efficiency in this
respect by those engaged in other branches of the ser-
vice, through co-operation, by aiding the power de-
partment where it needs strengthening. But to render
such assistance the needs, embarrassments, and vast
details of the department must be measurably under-
stood and appreciated. It is the purpose of this book,
it may be said, to aid in accomplishing this.

The extent of the motive power department and its
many and varied perplexities have only been understood
heretofore by those at its head. And this because of
its obscure and unwritten features and the technical
work of those employed. It is a busy, noisy, mys-
terious world in fact, even to many who live within
its fold. But here, as in other departments of rail-
road life, general and specific knowledge of its work-
ings will be found to add greatly to its usefulness.
For the more people who comprehend the work gen-
erally and in detail, the greater the number of men
whose energy and ambition will be stimulated, and
whose efforts, consequently, will give added force to
the intellectual, moral and physical affairs of the de-
partment, and, in so far as they do, make out of it all
that human ingenuity and effort can accomplish.

CHAPTER II.

DETAILS OF THE ARRANGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION
OF THE DEPARTMENT OF MOTIVE
POWER AND MACHINERY.

Of the character, in general and particular, of the
work connected with the locomotive plant and the ad-
ministration of the department, no one who has not
had immediate charge of its direction and responsibil-
ities can speak advisedly, or have much to say of
practical worth to students and searchers after knowl-
edge in this mysterious and little known field of in-
dustry. The subject covers much of general and par-
ticular interest in regard to designing of engines, the
kind of machines required; inspection thereof; the ap-
pliances of engines; location and arrangement of shops
and tracks, and the facilities in other directions needed
to secure the best results. The modus operandi of
overhauling engines that require general repairs; the
supervisory work of those in charge of the department;
watching shop work; organizing and governing the
force generally; discerning what is needed; eliminating
extraneous and unnecessary things, form a part of the
work of supervising locomotives on a road. For be it
understood this book does not pretend in any way to
refer to plans or work in the great locomotive manu-
facturing institutions of the country where these
machines are built to sell to railway companies. It
refers wholly to the use of locomotives. This feature
comes within the particular interest and province of
all railway men, but knowledge thereof is confined to
so few, that the force as a whole maybe said, practi-
cally, to know nothing about the organization and con-
duct of the locomotive department. Fully conscious

15

16 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

of this I have accordingly sought the advice and as-
sistance of an expert iii such matters, Mr. Robert
Quayle, long a Superintendent of Motive Power and
Machinery, and an authority everywhere recognized
as pre-eminent, who for a life-time has been in charge
of the motive power and machinery of an up-to-date
railway. It is not too much to say that he is the peer
of the most advanced, conscientious, honest and labor-
ious thinkers and workers in perfecting and adminis-
tering this great department of railway service. No
one can have greater personal knowledge than he of
the needs and practices and the economical and effect-
ive government of the forces employed. I have been
fortunate in this, as I have been throughout all my
labors in connection with the discussion of railway
matters, in securing the enlightened, progressive and
conscientious co-operation of an expert in railway
operations.

With this brief and insufficient acknowledgment I
will conclude the chapter with what Mr. Quayle has to
say in regard to practical details connected with the
location and arrangement of shops, and the daily ad-
ministrative duties of the department of machinery
and motive power. What he has written will be of
interest and value to all connected with railways — no
matter what their position or opportunities to acquire
knowledge in this particular field may be.

The question of taking care of the motive power and
machinery of a railroad is a problem that requires care-
ful study and thought to maintain it at the standard
the service requires; to secure the highest efficiency at
the lowest possible cost. When we consider the
amount of money paid out annually, that the Mechan-
ical Department is responsible for, we realize that the
strictest business methods must be employed to pre-
vent possible waste. For, on a road properly equipped
with locomotives, with a sufficient number of shops and

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES. 17

round-houses to take care of the same, nearly one-third
of the total amount of money expended annually by a
railroad company for operating expenses, comes under
the jurisdiction of the Superintendent of Motive Power
and Machinery and his assistants. This money is ex-
pended for the purchase, care and maintenance of loco-
motives and machinery; wages of enginemen, wipers,
machinists, helpers; fuel, oil and waste. Of these,
wages is the largest item. Next comes fuel. There-
fore the greatest care must be exercised to see that no
unnecessary expense is incurred and no more help em-
ployed than is absolutely required; and, further, to see
that the greatest economy is practiced in the handling
and use of fuel and other supplies.

In connection with the repairs of locomotives, the
question comes up as to the proper way to locate shops
so as to get the best results; i. e., to make necessary
repairs quickly so as to get the locomotives back into
the service with the least possible delay, for an idle
engine earns no money for its owner. We have to con-
sider whether it is better to have a large central plant,
properly located, where all the heavy work can be done ;
or whether it is best to have a number of smaller plants
so located that engines in need of repairs will not have
to be taken an unnecessary distance to the shop; for
hauling a dead locomotive means that two or three cars
less can be handled in a train, thus entailing a loss of
revenue to the Company.

In the first place, concentration of shop work means
less cost for supervision and therefore consequent less-
ening of expense. But for a road that extends, say,
many miles in one direction, it certainly does not pay
to run or haul an engine a long distance, to get it to
the main shop. Therefore it is found more convenient
to locate smaller shops, generally at division points, to
take care of all but the heaviest work. At the head-
quarters of the road (or better still, at a centrally lo-

18 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

cated point) a large plant should be equipped with
modern tools and machinery to take care of the re-
pairs that cannot be handled advantageously by the
smaller shops. This large plant will, of course, inci-
dentally, receive and repair all engines working within
an easy radius of its doors, the same as a local shop,
without reference to the extent of repairs to be made.

It has occurred naturally, that with the enormous
growth in the size of power, that the smaller shops
have not as a rule kept apace with modern improve-
ments in the way of tools and shop facilities; and so
are precluded from handling repairs of the modern,
large engines advantageously. This will of course be
remedied in time, but meanwhile such locomotives
must be taken to division shops, or the main central
plant.

The organization of the Motive Power Department
of a road, is a matter that requires thought and care
to bring and keep up to the high standard required,
for a road soon obtains an inevitable notoriety if its
service is not good ; and with competition in the busi-
ness, other lines prosper through such neglect to pro-
vide prompt and adequate service.

In direct charge of the small army of men employed
it is absolutely necessary that at the head of the Power
Department should be a man who has had years ex-
perience and who knows just how everything should
be done. He must be a natural leader of men, as the
antagonizing of employes, consisting as they do of a
variety of trades, nationalities and dispositions, is
fatal to success. It is remarkable the discrimination
possessed by men, and a superior who treats every-
body with kindness, firmness and fairness, can be as-
sured of the good will and services of his subordinates,
a thing essential to his success.

The method of classifying Motive Power Depart-
ment officials varies on different roads. In some cases

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES. 19

the Superintendent of Motive Power is equal only in
power and authority to a master mechanic. Whereas,
on other sysems, where the mileage is great and under
one management, a General Superintendent of Motive
Power is usually employed, who reports direct to the
General Manager or a Vice-President. In such cases
the superintendents of motive power and machinery
report to and take orders from the General Superin-
tendent of Motive Power and Machinery. In this case
the latter official is entirely independent of the ordi-
nary operating officials. On other roads the Mechan-
ical Department may be practically under the control
of a General or Division Superintendent.

This arrangement, however, is not practically the
best, for the expert in such cases has often to do busi-
ness with and take orders from men who are not fami-
liar with mechanical matters. The most satisfactory
method of handling the department is shown where the
officials generally rank according to the following order:

General Manager, Assistant General Manager.

Superintendent Motive Power and Machinery.
Assistant Superintendent Motive Power and Machinery.

Chemist and Engineer Mechanical Engineer. Master Mechanic and
of Tests. General Foreman of

Main Shops.

Line Organization.

Shop Foreman of
Main Plant.

Superintendent Motive Power and Machinery.

Assistant Superintendent Motive Power and Machinery.

Division Master Mechanics.

Road Foreman of Gen'l Foreman of Shops. Assis't Road Fore-
Engines, man of Engines.

All Shop and Round House Foremen.

20 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS,

The question when to shop an engine is one that
requires a good deal of attention on the part of the
Superintendent of Motive Power and his assistants.
Should an engine be taken in for General Repairs,
which may cost from $1,200.00 to $1,800.00, when,
by making light repairs and putting it into suitable
service, much more work can be obtained from it?
Or the reverse? It can never be best to keep an en-
gine in service when it is doing work in an extravagant
manner, causing failures, and not only delaying its
own train, but others that may be on the road. Each
particular case has to be decided, however, according
to circumstances, and to obtain results at the least
possible cost and embarrassment to the service; and
when saying this, we have to consider all departments
concerned. An engine can be kept in service for so
long a time that the cost per mile run will apparently
be low, but at the same time while getting over the
road, it may not be hauling full tonnage, and the cost
per ton mile will really be very high.

As already stated, engines requiring heavy boiler
work, or those on divisions adjacent to the main shops
are taken care of there, but a large number have to be
given repairs at the smaller shops.

On divisions where the water used by engines is good,
little or no boiler work is necessary and an engine can
be kept in service for two or three years, by doing what
small amount of work is needed to the machinery at
intervals. The mileage in such cases often runs up to
150,000 or 200,000 miles; but on divisions where the
water is strongly impregnated with scale forming mat-
ter, the department is kept busy trying to get mileage
enough out of engines before shopping them, to satisfy
the Superintendent of Motive Power and Machinery.
On such divisions as these, it is nothing unusual for a
new engine to require flues reset after four to six
months' service, and. at the expiration of eight to ten

I *

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTWES

•to* s^

1942

months (or before the engine has made oH^b^^miles)
new half side sheets are often necessary,
done at a small shop, will keep the engine out of service
for thirty days or more; while at the main shop such
work, which comes under the head of general repairs,
can be done in eighteen to twenty days by the aid of
modern tools and machinery, thus cutting down the
time the engine is out of service. This is a matter of
great importance, especially at a time when business is
heavy and engines are in demand to keep cars moving.

The question of purifying water that is laden with
sulphate and carbonate of lime has been given much
attention. The old-fashioned method of trying to
make a locomotive boiler into a " water softener" has
given way to the more common sense method of treat-
ing the water in suitable tanks prior to being put into
the tender; and this with good results. In some cases,
engines consigned to the shops, that have been using
the untreated water, are kept in service 60 to 90 days
longer by using treated water entirely.

The designing of locomotives so as to get the most
satisfactory service out of them, is a matter that re-
quires more than ordinary care and attention. In
accomplishing this the Mechanical Engineer submits
his ideas on paper, after finding out what is required,
and this is carefully examined by the Superintendent
of Motive Power, so as to see that the weight on drivers
is not greater than the Engineering Department will
allow on its structures; also that the heating surface
is properly proportioned to the size of the cylinders,
and that the power exerted by the cylinders is suffi-
cient to utilize all the adhesion given by the weight
of the locomotive on the driving wheels.

It is also a matter of great importance to utilize parts
that are standard on a road so far as possible. The
question of bearing surfaces must also be looked into
carefully, as an engine that runs hot on account of ex-

22 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

cessive pressure per square inch on the journals, is
obviously unsuited to the service. Again, if through
faulty design, the engine does not make steam freely
or cannot make time, the department is justly called
to account. So it will be seen that each part has to
be gone over on the drafting board, to be sure that it
bears its proper relation to the other parts and to the
whole machine.

An important part of the Draughtsman's business is
to so design the locomotive that the parts that need
renewal frequently are easily accessible. Bushings for
brake rigging, rocker boxes, tumbling shafts, cylinders
and so on, are a step in the right direction, as they
enable repairs to be made at small cost. By their use
the various parts are kept standard size much cheaper
than they otherwise could be— bushings being kept in
stock instead of the whole part.

Between engines of somewhat similar capacity, there
should be as little difference as is consistent with the
design. This means a large reduction of material in
stock and a consequent reduction in the number of
special tools for finishing same. Grates, small brackets,
brake heads, driving boxes, springs, wheel centers,
crank pins, etc., can, with very little planning in such
cases, be used interchangeably to good advantage. By
living up to the dimensions as shown on the working
drawings, a standard can be maintained which will
enable changes to be made at small expense. While
it is a good plan to invite suggestions from the men
handling the engine on the road and in the round house,
a change of design in any part should not be made
without getting authority from the person charged
with this duty; for if a change is a good thing at one
place it is good at another; and the drawing should be
revised to show the improvement so that it may be
generally embodied in any repairs that are to be made
to the part or parts affected.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES. 23

The Drawing Office plays an important part in the
railroad world, for here the locomotive is born. The
Mechanical Engineer is the head of this office, under
him coming the Chief Draughtsman, and such assist-
ants as are necessary to do the work. The duties of
the Mechanical Engineer are varied. To-day he will
be busy designing a locomotive — to-morrow engaged
upon plans for new shops, and the next day figuring
upon a proposed electrical installation. He is ex-
pected to keep in touch with all shop improvements,
new designs of power, etc., and be able to answer any
and every question that may arise, from the power re-
quired to move a turn-table to the amount needed to
drive a shop with its various tools and machinery. The
care of all drawings, blue prints, etc., is entrusted to
the Chief Draughtsman, who must be methodical, fil-
ing everything so that it can be found at a minute's
notice.

The patterns for cast and malleable iron, brass and
steel, are under the jurisdiction and care of the drawing
office; and it is the duty of the Mechanical Engineer
and his assistants to so design their work in their pat-
terns that the greatest strength necessary will be forth-
coming without undue weight. Thus, an unfinished
casting should only have enough stock in it to finish
up properly with a minimum amount of machine work.

When there are many locomotives a dynamometer car
will be found advantageous to determine some of the
problems that cannot be got at any other way with any
degree of accuracy. This car is usually fitted with
properly designed and calibrated draft rigging, so that
when connected to the rear tender draw-bar, the exact
pull of the locomotive can be determined, and by a
series of levers and pointers, this information is trans-
ferred and drawn on a paper, which is made to travel
at a certain speed. A clock connected up electrically,
makes a mark on the paper every ten seconds and a

24 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

push button operated by an assistant is used to move
a pen which makes a mark on the paper at each mile
post, so that at a glance the speed can be told. Air,
steam and other gauges are used to determine the pres-
sure carried, and generally in connection with this ap-
paratus an indicator is applied to the engine, by wnich
the performance of the steam in the cylinder is plainly
shown.

This work is usually done under the direction of the
Mechanical Engineer, apprentices being used to get
the data, and work it up to show the efficiency or in-
efficiency of the locomotive.

Another important branch of the Mechanical De-
partment is taken care of by the Chemist and Engineer
of Tests, whose duty it is to test the various metals,
etc., and see that they come up to specifications. Steel
for boilers is closely inspected before being accepted
for use; steel castings are examined to see that they are
free from flaws, checks or blow holes; lenses for signal
lamps of all kinds have to pass a rigid test; and tor-
pedoes which are used as a danger signal are exploded
(a few from each shipment taken hap-hazard), as a
check on the manufacturer. Rubber goods and the
other appliances in use on a railroad are also sub-
jected to minute inspection before the Engineer of
Tests will accept them. By this means poor material
that might get into the locomotives and cars and cause
trouble, is discovered and rejected to the great good
of the service.

The visiting of shops along the line is something
that the Superintendent of Motive Power and his As-
sistants must do to keep in touch with what is going on.
On a large road, this will be a matter of considerable
difficulty within reasonable time on ordinary train ser-
vice. This difficulty is overcome through the business
courtesy of the Operating officials who have to make
trips that extend to all parts of the system, inviting

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES. 25

the official in charge of motive power to accompany
them. They thus have opportunity of meeting the
Master Mechanics, Foremen and Division Superintend-
ents, and of observing the service and hearing any
complaints about the motive power, or suggestions for
improving it. The Road Foremen and their Assist-
ants also come in for a share of attention, while in-
specting the road, and thus many things come up
which benefit all concerned.

When matters of general importance have to be
transacted, a meeting of the Master Mechanics is called,
who journey to headquarters, and there talk over the
matters under consideration, and thus an understanding
is obtained. Afterwards the Master Mechanic on
his return home, will get his foremen together and give
them instructions as may be necessary.

It is the general rule on roads to promote Firemen
when competent, to the position of Engineer, and all
new firemen when hired, are required to pass a physical
examination, so that defective eyesight, color blindness
or other defects may be detected. After satisfactorily
passing the examination, the fireman is put to work
and provided with a book containing information per-
taining to his duties in the economical operation of an
engine, which interrogatories he is required to answer
after being in service twelve months. At the expira-
tion of that time, he is given the second year's book
which contains information of a more advanced form,
and an examination is given him at the end of the second
year. He then gets the third year's book, which covers
more fully the points that he should understand.

Before becoming an engineer, at the end of the three
years, he must pass a time card examination before
the Division Superintendent and a medical examina-
tion before the Company's Surgeon. If he passes these
successfully, he is sent to headquarters before an
Examining Board, consisting of Road Foremen of

26 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

Engines, and the Air Brake Instructor, who put him
through a written and oral examination. If he an-
swers correctly eighty per cent of the questions (air
brake and mechanical), he is reported to the Master
Mechanic as a full-fledged Engineer. He is then used
on Switch engines and unimportant freight trains for
the first year, after which he is entitled to full pay;
but even then is not allowed to handle a Passenger
train. Three years' service as an engineer is required
before this, the goal of all young engineers, is reached.
Thus every safeguard is thrown around the service
and the public, before the embryo engineer is allowed
to handle an engine.

Let us now look at the main shops and the arrangement
of them and the tools and machinery they require.
From six to ten per cent, of the engines in use on a
road* will generally be undergoing repairs, so that with
the help of the local shops, the principal plant should
be able to handle from 35 to 45 engines per month,
depending of course on the number of locomotives, the
condition of the power, and whether the demand for
it is great or not.*

In deciding upon a location, the endeavor should be
to pick one having clean and reputable surroundings,
a level, high piece of ground where good drainage can be
obtained, with perfect accessibility from all sides so as
to be able to handle things more economically and
quickly than otherwise would be the case.

In choosing land there should be taken into consider-
ation the possibility of growth, which on many railways
is very rapid, so that many Superintendents of Motive
Power and Machinery have been cramped for lack of
room, which could at first have been obtained cheaply.
Having decided upon a location, the best layout of

*This estimate is based on an equipment of 1,200 locomotives.
It should, therefore, be lessened or enlarged according to the cir-
cumstances of the case.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES. 27

shops must be secured so as to get an engine through
them with as little delay as possible. Plenty of room
inside and out, costs money in the first place, but pays
on account of the increased facilities for getting about
and not having one thing buried and perhaps lost by
other things being put on top of it. The larger the
shops the greater the possibility for good arrangement;
and the better the arrangement the better will be the
method of getting out the work, with a consequent re-
duction in cost.

Outside the shops should be a series of tracks con-
nected with a transfer table, for the storing of engines
that have been brought in for repairs. One track
should be used for getting engines out of shop, putting
the tenders behind; and another be available for push-
ing engines in, so that the two operations can be going
on at the same time. Much controversy has taken
place as to the best kind of erecting shop, and
there are advocates of the two kinds generally used.
The one with a large number of stalls at right angles
to the main building, fed by a transfer table with an
overhead crane for wheeling and unwheeling, having
as many advocates as the one where from four to six
engines stand on a single track, the tracks paralleling
one another, each containing as many engines, travel-
ing cranes of suitable capacity being used to get them
from the in-going track to a vacant place, and after re-
pairs have been made, lifting them onto the out-going
track. We will use the former plan in the proposed
shops, as it is the one most generally adopted in
America.

With an output of thirty-five engines per month,
there should be thirty stalls available, as it would be
possible, providing the machines were capable of doing
it, to increase the number of engines turned out to
fifty per month, if occasion required it.

28 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

Plenty of room should be allowed on each side and
in front and back of the largest locomotive so that
men can do their work without interfering with each
other, and the flues taken out and put in, without the
necessity of having doors opened, as is sometimes neces-
sary. The storage of parts taken from locomotives in
shops, that do not need repairs, is a matter that should
be given consideration. In some shops these parts are
stored in pits each side of the engines, having heavy
covers over them. Another plan is to have a lean-to
(addition) outside of the shop where racks are pro-
vided between tracks. This latter method is probably
the better one as the parts are always in view of the
foreman and men, and are not so likely to accumulate
as in a pit. A double track, electrically driven, high
speed transfer table, of sufficient length to take an en-
gine and tender on it, will provide ready means of
quickly handling engines and supplies in and out of
shops.

The erecting and machine shop should be combined
and provided with a good system of electric cranes to
move the parts taken from the engines, after having
been boiled in a lye vat conveniently located, to the
machine that is to do the work on it. The ideal way
is to place all the tools so that an extra handling, or
a backward movement, will not be necessary. The
various parts when handled by more than one machine,
should go in at one end rough, and come out at the
the other end, finished.

The machine side should have a gallery in which all
of the light work, such as air brake material, brass
work, bolt making, etc., is done. The machine shop,
proper, should be divided up, and in one half the
heavy tools located, and direct motor driven, with high
speed single track ten ton cranes over them to facili-
tate the handling of material. The blacksmith and
forge shops should go together, and be so located that

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES. 29

heavy frames and f orgings can be conveniently handled
to and from the erecting shop and to the machines.

The complement of the blacksmith shop should con-
sist among other things of a 1,500 pound steam hammer
for general work, and a 3,500 pound hammer for frame
work; while for axles and heavy f orgings, one not less
than 6,000 pounds should be provided. Forging ma-
chines for turning out standard work should be used
whenever possible and grouped together. A blast fan in
duplicateand direct driven either by motor or engine,
and not connected with any other machine, should
furnish a pressure of eight ounces for the fires.

The boiler shop should be combined with the tank
shop, and suitable cranes for quickly moving boilers
and tanks, will help to increase the output. The tin
shop and pipe shop should also be together under one
foreman, and should be a very large roomy shop on
account of the material and work done in this build-
ing being bulky.

The gray iron and brass foundry should also be to-
gether. The paint shop should stand by itself as it is
generally used for painting tenders only. The paint-
ing on the locomotive should be done in the shops while
repairs are being made, to economize time.

The storehouse is one of the most important factors
in getting power into service promptly. By locating
it centrally, it can be readily reached from each of the
shops, and thus a large amount of valuable time saved.
A telpher system can be employed for handling
medium heavy material with very good results.

As all of the shops and buildings mentioned use
power, light and heat, it is very essential that an econ-
omical plant be installed to furnish these. With elec-
trical power-transmission, cranes, etc., and a suitable
lighting system such as would be necessary for a plant
of this size, a large amount of current has to be fur-
nished, and two generator units, each able separately

30 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

to run the plant should be provided so as to take care
of repairs, emergencies, etc.; while for night loads, a
smaller capacity unit could be used to good advantage.
As a large number of pneumatic tools are used inmost
up-to-date shops, it is very necessary to have air com-
pressors with a capacity amply large for every emer-
gency. Probably the best results can be obtained by
having two air compressors, each with a capacity of
1200 cubic feet of free air per minute. In case of a
break down there would be something to fall back on,
and still leave room for growth.

A high pressure water system for fire protection
should be installed in the power plant, and pumps for
taking care of accumulator in boiler shop, etc. The
exhaust steam from engines, pumps and air compres-
sors, should be used for heating the numerous build-
ings; which can thus be done economically.

To furnish steam, a battery of boilers, fitted with
automatic stokers and chain grates, and coal and cinder
handling machinery, will enable the plant to be run at
a minimum cost for labor and fuel used, that could
not be successfully done in a hand fired furnace.*

We will now watch an engine in its progress through
the shops. It has arrived on the " Hospital Track"'
and the Master Mechanic from whose division it came,
has sent forward a report of work necessary to be done.
This report is turned over to the General Foreman,
who in turn gives it to each of the foremen so they
may note the work they are called on to do, and so

*What is said here derives added interest and importance from
what is said in other parts of the " Science of Railways " in regard
to matters relating to locomotives and the machinery and shops
incident thereto. This brief treatise or resume, however, is of im-
mediate interest, affording further insight into what is occurring
in this great field of industry. It also affords an interesting exposi-
tion of results as to the growth and perfection of the appliances
devised by those connected with the department of Motive Power,
who have studied it to the great benefit of railways and to the great
profit of those who own these properties.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES. 31

get ready. We will suppose that the engine needs a
new firebox and what is known as general repairs. The
first move is to take the tank from engine and put it in
the tank shop for repairs, the engine meanwhile being
placed in stripping shed where all of the rods, links,
eccentrics, air pump, driving brake, material, etc., are
removed and placed in a lye vat to have the grease
boiled off from them. The next move is to the trans-
fer table, from which it is hauled by a windlass or
drum with cable into a vacant stall, and immediately
the overhead crane with double crab, lifts it bodily, so
that the wheels may be rolled from under ; after which
it is lowered upon specially designed trucks, so that if
necessary it can be moved along the track.

The boiler is lifted out and sent to the boiler shop,
and the frames with cylinders left, for the mechanics
to work on them; the parts from the locomotive are
distributed to the various men or machines which work
on them; the wheels are sent to the lathes for tires and
journals to be turned up; the driving boxes to be fitted
with new brasses, shoes and wedges, after being " laid
off " are given to the planer hand; the eccentric straps
and liners are turned up and closed; rocker boxes,
valves, links, pistons, etc., etc., are taken to their re-
spective place for repairs, the side and main rods being
at the same time taken care of, and the brake rigging
overhauled. As far as possible, all of this work is
specialized, among men who have become experts in
such matters.

On going to the boiler shop to look for the boiler of
the engine, we will find that rivets have already been
cut off back head, in readiness for the new firebox that
has probably been made before the engine arrived in
the shop. Flues are being taken out and all is hustle
and noise, the pneumatic hammers making talk diffi-
cult and hearing impossible for an outsider. When
the flues are removed, they are taken to a rattler,

32 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

which in causing them to revolve and drop against each
other quickly breaks off the scale. From here they are
taken to a machine which cuts off each end and then
a piece is fitted in and welded up to the flue so as to
make it the same length that it was before. After
testing, they are ready to go back to the boiler, where
the back boiler head has been removed, the stay bolts
broken off and mud ring removed. After this is done
the old firebox can come out and the new one take its
place. When properly located, the holes to receive
the stay bolts are tapped out, stay bolts run in, and
mud ring and staybolts riveted up.

By this time the flues are going into the boiler, and
after being fastened in flue sheet by expanding and
beading, the boiler is ready to be tested, and if any
defects exist they are remedied before it leaves the
shop.

Let us now go back and see what is being done on
the other part of the engine that was left in the erect-
ing shop. We will -find men facing up driving box
jaws, prior to shoes and wedges being fitted, and other
men will be boring out cylinders, and fitting up eccen-
trics and straps and driving boxes on the wheels that
belong to the engine.

The spring rigging will be put in shape and every-
thing moving, so as to be ready when its turn comes
to be assembled. A glance into the tank shop will
show that the tank is about ready to come out and
go to the paint shop. We will find that the tender
boxes and wheels have been put in good condition,
and that the tank proper has been tested for leaks and
the frame overhauled.

Meanwhile, the tender has been hauled on to the
transfer table, and from there goes to the paint shop
where it is cleaned, rubbed down and painted in readi-
ness for the arrival of the engine from the shop. We
will take another look into the erecting shop and will

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES. 33

find that the boiler has arrived from the boiler shop and
the crane has picked it up and set it down upon the
frames. Work now goes along very rapidly. The engine
is raised and wheels run under it, after which the shoes
and wedges are put in, binders applied, links and eccen-
tric blades put up, guides hung, main rods applied
and valves set. To do this rollers are placed under
main driving wheels, or wheels having eccentrics on
them and revolved, and with proper knowledge and
the necessary tools, the valves are set so as to give the
best results in the service.

The boiler is now filled with steam from the power
plant, and again tested, after which the throttle valve
is opened and as the front cylinder heads and pistons
have not yet been put in place, the steam rushes from
the boiler, through the dry and steam pipes and passages,
out of the cylinders, carrying with it any foreign ma-
terial that may have accidentally been dropped by
the men while doing their work. During the time this
work has been going on, painters have been busy and
the engine begins -to have a finished appearance. The
side rods are put on, pistons and cylinder heads ap-
plied, pilot fastened in its proper place and the rest of
the painting done. The engine is then taken out and
tender put behind it. After getting coal and water
we are now ready to break it in, i. e., run it under
steam to see that the various parts run smoothly and
cool ; after which it is ready for the particular service
it has been assigned to.

Such briefly are the methods adopted with the en-
gines that pass through the shop. Some, of course, will
not require such extensive repairs as those mentioned,
while others will require more. But whatever may be
necessary, system and orderliness, it is apparent, will
accomplish more satisfactory and economical results
than can otherwise be attained.

CHAPTER III.

FORMS AND EXHIBITS, THEIR USE AND GREAT VALUE.

The value of these in connection with the motive
power department cannot be overestimated, for
through them those responsible for the conduct of
business are not only able to direct operations over a
wide territory, from hour to hour, intelligently, but
afterwards to sum up the results secured. These results
are judged according to attainable standards of work,
through comparisons and otherwise, and commenda-
tion or reproof are based thereon. It will be seen,
therefore, that they are of inestimable value and that,
without them, there could be neither effective super-
vision nor intelligent co-operation. It is apparent,
therefore, that they should be minute and exhaustive,
and should be faithfully made and intelligently studied
by those concerned. Through them every phase of
the service is discerned, including the placing of loco-
motives and knowledge of their needs and perform-
ances.

No one can study the returns and exhibits of rail-
way operations without being impressed with their
necessity and great value in practical operations. To
searchers after knowledge they not only afford insight
into the workings of the great departments, but have
additional value in the things they suggest.

The returns and exhibits embodied herein, measur-
ably represent the needs of those in charge of loco-
motives. They have been of slow growth and portray
the evolution of the service in this respect. For, at
one time, there may be said to have been neither re-
turns nor exhibits of any kind regarding the working
of locomotives. That was in the beginning when chaos

34

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES. 35

reigned, compared to the systematic supervision and
discharge of business exercised at the present moment.

It is probable that these forms and exhibits repre-
sent but a phase of growth; that with time and greater
knowledge and experience they will be bettered and
others added. This is the experience of every great
and growing business. What seems perfect today is
found to be deficient in some respect tomorrow. That
is because men are wiser today than they were yester-
day. However, so far as these forms go, they are in-
tended to furnish those in charge such data as is es-
teemed necessary to enable them to judge quickly and
intelligently of what is going on, and of what the service
needs. Through them and by comparisons, waste, im-
providence and ineffective service are discerned and
remedied. And it is not too much to say that it is
through them that economy in the use of fuel, oil,
waste and the working and repair of engines are more
clearly traced and waste corrected, than through any
other medium of information or advice attainable by
those in charge.

Specific knowledge is all important when we remem-
ber how imperfect the locomotive is and how compli-
cated are its workings, notwithstanding all the im-
provements that have been made in its construction
and working. Because of this and their extended and
widely separated use, carefully organized supervision
is necessary to their effective working. It is not only
necessary when anything is wrong in connection with
their operation that it should be known, but that it
should be known quickly if ineffective service and ex-
travagance are to be prevented.

The transfer of engines from one part of a road to
another is of constant occurrence, and effective service
from the standpoint of profit and public accommoda-
tion is secured, or otherwise, through the intelligent
action and celerity exercised by those in charge. The

36 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

sources of information at the disposition of the motive
power department are such as to secure such action ;
and, in making transfers, to do so at the least possible
inconvenience and cost to the service. Thus, among
the returns, will be found those stating the location of
locomotives; their condition; locomotives in shops;
when repairs on particular locomotives will be com-
pleted; those available for service, etc.

Another feature is the immediate information certi-
fied to those in charge, of engine failures, whereby
trains are delayed or danger incurred or. threatened.
And as there are innumerable causes for such failures
each must be carefully scrutinized. As aids in this
direction, returns are required specifically stating the
cause of failure; the engineers' report of delays; the
causes thereof, and such attendant and supernume-
rary returns as a proper understanding of the subject
requires. From the reports of engine failures, those in
charge are able to determine with approximate accu-
racy whether failures are due to defects in the machine,
or lack of skill or care upon the part of those in charge.
If due to the machine the break-down is not only of
interest in itself, but suggestive in regard to appliances
of like nature in other machines; and so valuable
knowledge is oftentimes gained through these returns
of break-downs. If, on the other hand, they are due
to neglect or ignorance upon the part of those in charge,
knowledge of the fact is valuable because of the cur-
ative discipline necessary to prevent a recurrence of the
accident.

Another exhibit of special importance recounts the
performance of locomotives. Through these repairs
made, amount of work done and cost thereof and the
relative economy exercised, are ascertained. At one
time — and, indeed, measurably so now — comparisons
were based on the mileage of engines. This, how-
ever, has been supplemented by comparisons on

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES. 37

the load hauled, which more nearly portrays the work
done and, therefore, more fairly represents value re-
ceived.. Statistics of the performance of locomotives
(and consequently of trains), it may be said, tend
more and more with the mangement of railroads, to
comparisons based on the paying load hauled; what
is termed the ton mile basis in the case of freight.
Thus the management is kept advised as to whether
cars are fully loaded and the full complement hauled
in trains. However, from the standpoint of motive
power officials, statistics showing the total weight
hauled — dead and paying — is all important in judging
of the relative cost of operating engines. The motive
power department is not responsible for the number
or frequency of trains, nor for neglect or inability of
operating officials to fully load cars. Its objective
point or basis of comparison is the gross load hauled,
and on this basis judgment is formed. The motive
power department, it may be said, not only knows the
work each engine performs and items of cost, but
how one division of the line compares with another in
this respect, and so on. Thus, through these and
similar exhibits, every one is stimulated to make the
best showing possible; to get all out of the locomotive
that can be achieved through intelligent effort in load-
ing and handling cars, and finally, in the economical
working of the power used in doing the business.

In order to further effective supervision of locomo-
tives it is found useful to keep specific accounts with
each engine, viz.: mileage, fuel, oil, waste, tallow, en-
gine supplies (and tools), cost of material used in re-
pairs, cost of labor including superintendence, time
and mileage record of wheels under locomotives, time
and mileage record of steel tires on engine truck
wheels*, and finally, the tonnage hauled. This last is

*In many cases, manufacturers of locomotive wheels and steel
tires (and other kinds of wheels in some cases), guarantee that they
will make certain mileage. Record must therefore be kept in or-
der to enforce terms of guarantee if wheels fail.

38 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

all important, for it forms to a certain extent, the
basis of determining relative skill and economy exer-
cised by engineers ;and, to pursue the inquiry further,
the relative expenses of engines — as specified above.
To particularize, the sources of information that the
accompanying returns point out are not only explicit,
but suggest other and special lines of inquiry. Medi-
ums of information may be multiplied almost inde-
finitely; those in charge will ever wish to know the
whys and wherefores concerning all things affecting
cost or efficiency of service. Averages will not suffice;
they will wish to analyze and multiply their sources of
information to the utmost. Thus many will not only
require to know the tonnage hauled and the cost there-
of, but the expenditure of forces involved. They will
require to know daily or periodically the number of
locomotives of each class in service (passenger, freight,
switching, etc.), the gross quantities of fuel consumed
— as well as the cost thereof — by each class of service;
the number of pounds of fuel consumed per engine
mile; the number of pounds of fuel consumed per car
mile; the gross quantities consumed-— as well as the
cost — of valve, engine and car oil used on locomotives,
and the quantity and cost thereof per mile run; the
total number of pounds — as well as the cost — of waste
used, and the quantity and cost thereof per mile run;
the cost of engine service (including enginemen, round
house men and engine supplies) per mile run; similarly
the cost of engine service per car mile; the cost of re-
pairs of engines (separately for material and labor) per
mile run; the cost of repairs of engines (separately for
material and labor) per car mile; the gross tonnage
moved by locomotives. Not only will those respon-
sible for locomotives desire to know all this in regard
to cost per mile run by locomotives and per car mile,
but as I have already explained they will also wish to
know what the expenditure of material and cost of

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES. 39

labor are on the basis of tons hauled one mile — for pas-
senger and freight service separately.

Information of this nature, in addition to that re-
ferred to elsewhere herein, directly or indirectly, will
suggest itself as being valuable — if not absolutely nec-
essary— to many having charge of the supervisory
work of locomotives. No two men — it is probable-
will place the same value on data of this and similar
nature. Each will enforce, for permanent use or tem-
porary expediency, such means of enlightenment as he
can use advantageously or as the temporary exigencies
of the service point out. And in this connection they
will always consider the cost of the information — the
clerical labor and expense it involves — in connection
with its value, when obtained.

Effort has been taken in arranging the forms and
exhibits which follow, not only to explain the purpose
that each is intended to conserve, but also every neces-
sary particular in regard to how the exhibit should
be made and what it should contain. These directions,
in fact, are so explicit that in the majority of cases it
will not need long or technical experience to under-
stand and compile them. Like accounts generally, if
properly compiled, they have only to be studied to be
understood. This last cannot be too strongly im-
pressed on those who would keep themselves advised
in regard to details of railway operations. Men often
complain that they cannot understand accounts. This
does not arise from lack of intelligence but from indis-
position to study the accounts attentively. For there
is nothing done by man that is so clear as accounts
when thus studied. Nor, indeed, that furnish more
valuable and needed information in the case of great
and widely extended properties.

In regard to the forms and returns of a statistical
nature, or those used for other purposes of Locomo-
tive Supervision, no two roads, it is probable, will con-

40 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

form exactly to each other, either in the number or
character of the exhibits. Wherever thoroughness is
observed, however, they will be generally similar. The
number and complexity (and oftentimes general simi-
larity) of the returns will confuse and perplex the
novice; to him they will very likely have the appear-
ance of exaggeration, or, it may be, duplication of
work. This, however, is only apparent when the situ-
ation and its needs are considered. Everyone who is
responsible for locomotives must be kept advised in
regard to the same in order that he may perform his
duties effectively; or, in the event he neglects to do so,
that the omission may be noticed and corrected. Thus,
the foreman of a shop must have certain information,
we will say, in regard to a particular phase of locomo-
tive business ; the master mechanic of that group of
shops must also have information of a like nature,
but differing in some respect; then the Superintendent
of Motive Power and Machinery must also be advised
in regard to the matter, not only for that particular
shop but for the division, and for the whole road.
Moreover, the General Manager or other operating
official, also, requires specific information in regard to
many things in order that his supervision of affairs
may be effective. Thus, there will be four, or more,
officials to be advised of occurrences, but no two, per-
haps, requiring exactly the same details. And so, re-
turns and exhibits must always be multiplied to con-
form to the many and varied requirements of those
responsible for operations. And it may be truly said
that the greater the knowledge and means of enlight-
enment and supervisory methods, that responsible offi-
cials are acquainted with, the more efficient and econ-
omical will be the conduct of the service — provided
they make use of their knowledge. And because this
is so, grave interest and value attach to the accom-
panying exhibits, which may seem so multiplied and
perplexing to the casual examiner.

CHAPTER IV.

LIST OF FORMS AND EXHIBITS. SPECIFIC BLANKS.

Note. — In estimating the usefulness of these forms
the particular official directed herein to make the re-
turn or receive it is unimportant. The organization
of no two roads will agree, throughout, in respect to
such matters. Thus, returns that are made by the
division superintendent on one road may be made by
the train dispatcher, master mechanic, or foreman of
another; and this is equally true of the officials to
whom returns are rendered. Such matters conform
to environment; to whatever form of organization is
thought best. It is the return itself that is interest-
ing and important.

No;

1. Foreman's weekly report to the Master Mechanic of locomo-

tive boilers washed out.

2. Master Mechanic's weekly report to Superintendent of Mo-

tive Power and Machinery of the location of locomo-
tives.

3. Weekly report by the Superintendent of Motive Power and

Machinery to interested officials of the total number of
locomotives of each class on the different divisions.

4. Weekly report by the Superintendent of Motive Power and

Machinery of the location of each locomotive.

5. Master Mechanic's monthly report to the Superintendent of

Motive Power and Machinery of the condition of each
engine on his division.

6. Monthly record of the Superintendent of Motive Power and

Machinery of condition of each engine on each division.

7. Monthly record of the Superintendent of Motive Power and

Machinery of the condition of the different classes of
engines on each division.

8. Master Mechanic's report of repairs made on particular en-

gines.
9 10, 11. Shop Foreman's report to his superior of repairs on

particular engines.
12. Master Mechanic's report of cost of repairs on particular en-
gines.

41

42 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

No

13. Master Mechanics monthly summary to the Superintendent

of Motive Power and Machinery in regard to heavy re-
pairs made on engines.

14. Foreman's weekly report of Locomotives in shop.

15. Definition of what constitutes engine failures.

16. Train Dispatcher's daily report of engine failures.

17. Engineer's report to Master Mechanic of delays on each trip.

18. Master Mechanic's ten days report to the Superintendent of

Motive Power and Machinery of engine failures.

19. Monthly record of the Superintendent of Motive Power and

Machinery of particulars (cause) of engine failures on
each day of the month.

20. Monthly summary of the Superintendent of Motive Power

and Machinery of cause of engine failures on each divi-
sion.

21. Locomotive Engineer's trip report of time worked.

22. Train Dispatcher's daily record of train movements.

23. Engineer's daily report of switching time.

24. Agent's report of time worked by switch yard crews.

25. Engineer's monthly report of time worked.

26. Division time book of Locomotive Engineers giving particu-

lars of the service of each.

27. Engine house register.

28. Storekeeper's monthly report to the Superintendent of Mo-

tive Power and Machinery of delayed and over time
allowed engineers and firemen.

29. Monthly record of the Superintendent of Motive Power and

Machinery of the gross cost of delayed and over time
on each division.

30. Monthly statement of locomotive mileage on each division.

31. Monthly report of locomotive mileage (classified) of each en-

gine.

32. Monthly record of the mileage of each engine.

33. Monthly report of particulars of cost of repairs of each loco-

motive.

34. Monthly record of repairs on each locomotive.

35. Monthly report for the Superintendent of Motive Power and

Machinery of the miles run and cost of repairs of each
engine.

36. Monthly report for Division Master Mechanic of mileage and

cost of repairs of each locomotive on his division.

37. Record of mileage (classified) and cost of repairs of each loco-

motive.

38. Form of coal tickets used on engines.

39. Monthly report of fuel delivered at each point to locomotives.

40. Monthly summary of fuel delivered to locomotives.

41. Form of oil and waste tickets used on engines.

42. Monthly report of total amount of oil and waste delivered

to locomotives on each division.

43. Round House Foreman's monthly report of the number of

engines wiped daily.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES. 43

No.

44. Monthly summary of charges to various operating accounts

for material and labor account of engines on each divi-
sion.

45. Locomotive Report — particulars of service and cost for re-

pairs, supplies and labor.

46. Foreman's monthly report to Master Mechanic of cast iron

truck and tender wheels applied to and removed from
locomotives.

47. Monthly record of Superintendent of Motive Power and

Machinery of particulars of each defective cast iron
engine and tender wheel removed.

48. Monthly summary of the Superintendent of Motive Power

and Machinery of the gross number of defective cast
iron locomotive wheels removed, made by different
manufacturers.

49. Monthly report of the Superintendent of Motive Power and

Machinery to the Purchasing Agent of defective cast
iron wheels removed from locomotives and by whom
made.

50. Monthly report of the Superintendent of Motive Power and

Machinery of wheels that have failed to meet guaran-
tees of makers.

51. Record of the Superintendent of Motive Power and Machinery

of engine truck and tender wheels applied to and re-
moved from each locomotive.

52. Shop Foreman's monthly report to the Master Mechanic of

particulars of steel tired engine truck and tender wheels
applied to or removed from locomotives.

53. Index to record of steel tired engine truck wheels.

54. Record of Superintendent of Motive Power and Machinery

of steel tires on engine truck wheels.

55. Monthly report to the Superintendent of Motive Power and

Machinery of engine driving wheel tires applied and re-
moved.

56. Index to driving wheel tire record.

57. Record of Superintendent of Motive Power and Machinery

of driving wheel tires.

58. Daily report of distribution of shop labor of each man.

59. Master Mechanic's monthly statement to Superintendent of

Motive Power and Machinery of comparative cost of
labor.

60. Shop Foreman's monthly report to Master Mechanic of num-

ber of men of each class of labor employed during the
month and wages paid.

61. Master Mechanic's monthly report to Superintendent of Mo-

tive Power and Machinery of the total number of men
of each class of labor employed on his division during
the month and wages paid.

44 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

No.

62. Summary made by Superintendent of Motive Power and

Machinery for the General Manager of the total num-
ber of men of each class of labor and wages paid on
whole road.
Inspector's reports (as per diagrams) of locomotive break-
ages of different parts as specified in Returns 63 to 78.

63. Pilot coupler.

64. Plate coupler.

65. Master car builder's coupler. (M. C. B.)

66. Axle.

67. Driving box and brass.

68. Cylinder heads.

69. Equalizer. Equalizer Stand. Spring Hangers.

70. Eccentric, eccentric strap, eccentric rod.

71. Side rod, main rod and rod strap.

72. Piston and piston rods.

73. Valves, valve yokes and rocker shaft.

74. Cross heads.

75. Crank pins.

76. Broken stay-bolts.

77. Miscellaneous, used where diagram return is not provided.

78. Condition of locomotive boiler.

79. Inspector's record of inspection of stationary and locomotive

fire-box stay-bolts.
8.0. Inspector's monthly report of inspection of stationary and
locomotive fire-toox stay-bolts.

81. Inspector's report of periodical inspection of stationary boil-

ers.

82. Inspector's report of inspection of air and steam gauges and

safety valves.

83. Inspector's report of changes and repairs of stationary boilers.

84. Shop Foreman's report to Master Mechanic of valve motion

of engines.

85. Monthly report of each engineer's service, viz.: Total miles

run by locomotives under his charge, tons hauled and
fuel consumed.

86. Statement of mileage made by each engineer to pint of lubri-

cating oil.

87. Master Mechanic's report to Superintendent of Motive Power

and Machinery of condition of tools and machinery.

88. Form of application made by those seeking employment on

engines.

89. Master Mechanic's notice of vacancies in runs and service.

90. Notice of Superintendent of Motive Power and Machinery

of those authorized to operate locomotives.

91. Form of release to be signed by minors and their legal guar-

dians.

92. Certificate given on completion of apprenticeship.

93. Master Mechanic's weekly report to Superintendent of Motive

Power and Machinery of average terminal delays
of freight engines and the cause therefor.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES. 45

No.

94. Engineers requisition for supplies.

95. Engineer's report to Round House Foreman of condition of

engines at end of each trip.

96. Engineer's report to Master Mechanic of particulars of stock

killed or injured.

97. Particulars of mechanical examinations of firemen at the end

of the first, second and third years of service.

98. General time book of particulars of hours worked by each

man, rate of pay, wages and on what labor was expended.

99. Requisition for and invoice of material.

100. Notice of material ordered.

101. Record of material ordered.

102. Shop order for material.

103. Report of piece work performed by each employe.

104. Form of application for employment in shop.

105. Daily distribution of labor for manufactured material work.

106. Distribution blank for material used.

107. Distribution blank for labor performed.

108. Monthly Statement of the tonnage haul of engineers and

average of number of tons hauled per train.

46 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. FORM 1.

Foreman's Weekly Report to the Master Me-
chanic of Locomotive Boilers Washed Out.

The purpose of this report is to ascertain whether
boilers are washed out regularly as required. In pur-
suance of this records are kept by the Master Mechanic
and in the office of the Superintendent of Motive
Power and Machinery of each boiler washed,

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES. 47

M. P. Form 1

FOREMAN'S WEEKLY REPORT TO THE MASTER ME-
CHANIC OF LOCOMOTIVE BOILERS WASHED OUT.

At..

For the Week Ending 19.

NOTE— This report is to be made on Monday of each week by all Round-
House Foremen, and sent to the Division Master Mechanic, who, after
making a record of same, will forward the report to the Superintendent of
Motive Power and Machinery, by whom a like record is kept.

Sunday

Eng Nos.

Monday

Eng Nos.

Tuesday

Eng Nos.

Wedn'sd'y

Eng Nos.

Thursday

Eng Nos.

Friday

Eng Nos,

Saturd'y

EngNosV

48 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. FORM 2.

Master Mechanic's Weekly Report to Superin-
tendent of Motive Power and Machinery of
the Location of Locomotives.

This report is used to obtain information weekly of
each engine belonging to the company, as to how and
where it is engaged, the nature of repairs which each
engine may be receiving, if any, and when it will be
ready for service.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES.

40

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50 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS

M. P. FORM 3.

Weekly Report by the Superintendent of Mo-
tive Power and Machinery to Interested
Officials of the total Number of Locomo-
tives of Each Class on the Different Divi-
sions.

This report is used to obtain information in regard
to the number of locomotives in the different classes
of service on the several divisions of the road; also
the number out of service for various reasons as stated
in the report.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES.

51

M. P. Form 3.

WEEKLY REPORT BY THE SUPERINTENDENT OF

MOTIVE POWER AND MACHINERY TO INTERESTED

OFFICIALS, OF THE TOTAL NUMBER OF

LOCOMOTIVES OF EACH CLASS ON

THE DIFFERENT DIVISIONS.

For the Week Ending 19.

NOTE— This exhibit is made on Monday of each week in the office of
the Superintendent of Motive Power and Machinery. It is a summary of
the Master Mechanics' weekly reports, Form 2, and shows the number of
engines in the different kinds of service on each division, and the number
out of service for the reasons stated.

NUMBER OF ENGINES

1

In Service

Not in Service

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TOTALS

Nos. of Leased
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Leased to. .... .

Vacant Nos.
to be Replaced

GRAND
TOTAL

52 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. FORM 4.

Weekly Report by the Superintendent of Mo-
tive Power and Machinery of the Location
of Each Locomotive.

This interesting and somewhat complicated form
is used by the Superintendent of Motive Power and
Machinery for the purpose of ascertaining the loca-
tion of each locomotive belonging to the company;
also to see that none are omitted by Master Mechanics
in their weekly reports. Form 2. The blank may also
be used for the purpose of checking up other
locomotive reports received from Master Mechanics,
such as the monthly report of inspection of fire boxes,
stay bolts, and so on.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES.

$3

M. P. Form 4

WEEKLY REPORT BY THE SUPERINTENDENT OF MOTIVE POWER AND
MACHINERY OF THE LOCATION OF EACH LOCOMOTIVE

For the week ending ^..

.19

NOTE— This report Is compiled Id the offlceof toe. Superintendent of Motive Power and Machinery on Tuesday of each
week. It Is a summary of the Master Mechanics' weekly reports, " Form 2," and shows the location of all the locomotives
belonging to the company at the end of each week. The engine numbers are represented by the numbers shown vertically
and horizontally hereon In print; those shown vertically representing units and tens and those shown horizontally repre-
senting hundreds, as illustrated below.

Each Division is also represented by a number, and the number of the Division on which an engine is located should
be shown In the square corresponding to that engine number, as illustrated below.

Engines that are out of service on account of being in shop or laid up for repairs should be so indicated In the square
corresponding to such engine number by the letter "S" or "L" being shown above the number representing the division on
which such engine Is located. Engine numbers that are vacant on account of engines being cut up should be indicated by
the letter " C " being shown In the proper square above the n umber of the division on which such engines were last located,
and should be shown In like manner until such engines have been replaced.

For example, Engines Nos. 803 and 1048 are on Division No. 1 ; Engines Nos. 56 and 1172 are on Division No. 2; Engine
No. 109 Is In shop on Division No. 3, and Engine No. 330 Is laid up on Division No. «, the location of these engines being
designated In the blank below.

The number of the Division for all engines numbered between 1 and 100 should be entered In the column at the left of
the numbers shown vertically and those numbered over 100 should be shown at the right and in the proper column.

1

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3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

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54 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. FORM 5.

Master Mechanic's Monthly Report to the Super-
intendent of Motive Power and Machinery
of the Condition of Each Engine on His Divi-
sion.

The object of this extremely valuable report is to
keep the Superintendent of Motive Power and Ma-
chinery advised as to the condition of the locomo-
tives on each division; those in good order; those in
fair or poor condition; and those in the shop for re-
pairs. It also enables him to determine whether each
engine in service makes reasonable mileage. In case
engines are reported as being in poor condition after
having been recently repaired, he is enabled to in-
vestigate the reason therefor.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES.

55

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56 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. FORM 6.

Monthly Record of the Superintendent of Mo-
tive Power and Machinery of Condition of
Each Engine on Each Division.

The object of this exhibit is to aid the Superin-
tendent of Motive Power and Machinery in obtaining
knowledge of the condition of engines on each divi-
sion; those in good, fair, or poor condition; those in
shop; also vacant numbers of engines awaiting to be
filled.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES. 57

M. P. Form 6.

MONTHLY RECORD OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF

MOTIVE POWER AND MACHINERY OF CONDITION

OF EACH ENGINE ON EACH DIVISION.

Division. For the month of..— 19.

NOTE— This exhibit is compiled monthly in the office of the Super-
intendent of Motive Power and Machinery from Form 5. It shows the
number of each engine in the various columns according to the condition
of the locomotive.

In the column for vacant numbers, the numbers of the locomotives
that have been sold, scrapped or destroyed should be entered each month
in the report for the division to which such engines were last assigned ;
this until such numbers shall have been replaced.

Condition

In Shop

Vacant Num-
bers to be
Replaced

Good

Fair

Poor

'

58 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. FORM 7.

Monthly Record of the Superintendent of Mo-
tive Power and Machinery of the Condition
of the Different Classes of Engines on Each
Division.

The purpose of this monthly report is to advise the
General Manager of the condition of each class of loco-
motives on all the divisions; the number in active ser-
vice; number in shops; number broken up or sold;
number receiving general and heavy repairs; also per-
centage of locomotives of different classes and condi-
tions.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES.

59

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O

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w

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to

o

Q

to
>

HH
to

o

to

2 to

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g n

a

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Q 0QO

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S 5

CO c

M |

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5 oo

3 *-a

"*! f

h- 1

^ d 0
3 ^O

0

C

c

H

3 « 0

ill

d c

r
3

CO

0 p

Passenger

Freight.

Switching.

TOTAL. . .

hi

<

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M

w

0

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W

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CD
O

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O

60 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. FORM 8.

Master Mechanic's Report of Repairs Made on
Particular Engines.

This report shows #in detail the repairs made on an
engine, when such repairs amount to $25.00 or more.
It is scrutinized by the Superintendent of Motive Power
and Machinery and is filed in his office.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES.

61

M. P. Form 8

MASTER MECHANIC'S REPORT OF REPAIRS MADE ON PARTICULAR

ENGINES.

..Shops. Date.

Engine No Class.

Note. — This form enumerates in detail the various parts of an engine. A report of this kind la to be made for each
engine receiving repairs amounting to $25.00 or more. When new parts are applied, such parts should he prefixed by the letter
"A"; parts that are repaired by the Utter "O." It should show the date the engine entered the shop, and the date when ready for
service: also the total co^t of material and labor expended in the repairs as shown at the end of the report.

When Darts are repaired or renewed of which there are two or more of the same name, the report will specify which parts
they are: as right or left, front, middle or back, right front or left front.

When an engine is to be sent to the principal shop of the road for extensive repairs, the master mechanic should use this
form to report, all work necessary in repairing the engine. The report should be sent to the Superintendent of Motive Power and
Machinery, who will, after approving such repairs, forward the report to the superintendent of the shop, thus enabling the latter
to order material not in stock so as to guard against any delay in making the repairs. This will enable him to maintain a regular
time schedule for repairing engine5.

When the engine has been repaired the superintendent of the shop will make a resort on this form showing in detail what
repairs have been made. For engines repaired at local shops, the report will be made my the foreman in charge and forwarded
to the master mechanic.

All reports of this form must be sent to the Superintendent of Motive Power and Machinery to be kept on file in his office.

lbs.,
lbs..

lbs.

No. reset

BOILER AND FIRE BOX.
Boiler,

Boiler Braces,
First course from Arch.
Second course from Arch,
Third course from Arch,
Slope Sheet.
Roof Sheet.
Right Side Sheet,
Left Side Sheet.
Back Head Sheet,
Throat Sheet,
Front Flue Sheet .
Waist Sheet,
Dome,

Dome Braces,
Dome Cap,
Test Pressure.
Pressure Allowed.
Weight of Scale Removed.
Fire Box.
R. S. Sheet— Thickness Make

L. S. "
Door. "
Crown, "
Flue, "

Arch Tubes, Number new. Which
Mud Ring,

Stay Bolts, Number new.
Crown Bars, Number new,
Crown Bar Braces,
Crown Boits,
Flues, Number new,
Combustion Tubes,
Brick Arch,
Grates,
BOILER ATTACHMENTS.
Ash Pan.

Ash Pan Dampers,
Deflecting Plate,
Extended Front,
Fire Door and Frame.
Front End Ring.
Front End Door,
Netting.
Petticoat Pipe.

Safety Valves, No., Size and Make
Smoke Arch.
Smoke Stack,
Smoke Burners, Kind.
Spark Hopper, Cinder Hopper,

Whistle,
Wash-out Plug*.

COCKS.
Blower,

Blow Off. No., Kind,

Cylinder,
Game,
Heater,
Surface.
Steam Heat,
Syphon,
Cab Oilers.

Sight Feed Lubricator. No. Kind,
Cock Stand.

CYLINDERS.
Cylinders. 1 Which,
Cylinders, }• Which, Bushed
Cylinders, ) Which, Bored,
Cylinder Heads. Which,
Cylinder Casings, Which,
Cylinder Jackets,

67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.

74.

75.

76.
77.
78.

79.

30.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.

94.
95.
96.

97.

98.

99.
100.
101.
102.

103.
104.
105.
100.
107
108.

109.
110.
111.
112.
113.
114.
115.
116.

117.
118.
119.
120.

121.
122.
123.
124.
125.
126.
127.
128.
129.

PISTONS.
Spiders, Which>
Followers, Which,
Bull Rings, Which,
Packing. Which.
Rods, Which,
Glands, Which,
Rod Packing, Which.

CROSS HEADS, Etc.
Cross Heads. Which.
Gibs,

Guides, Which

Guides, Yokes, Which

Guide Blocks, Which

DRIVING WHEELS, Etc.

Kind,
Mat'l.

Kind.

Wheels, Which.
Axles, Which,
Boxes, Which.
Brasses, Which,
Shoes, Which,
Wedges, Which.
Waterline. Which,
Tire Thickness,
Tire Maker,
Crank Pins, Which,
Springs, Which,
Hangers, Which.
Equalizers Which,

ENGINE TRUCK
Truck,

Bo" .ei. Which,
Brasses, Which,
Frames,

Pedestals Which.
Surings, Which,
Hanger, Which,
Equalizers, Which,
Top Center,
Bottom Center,
Engine Truck Wheels, Number new,

FEED WATER.
Injectors. Which.
Kind and Size — Right.
Checks. Which,
Size aand Make,
Feed Pipes.
Delivery Pipes.

RODS.
Main Rods. Which.
Brasses. Which.
Straps, Which,
Bolts,

Side Rods, Which.
Brasses, Which,
Straps. Which,
Bolts, Which,

STEAM CHESTS.
Chests, Which,
Covers, Which,
Casings, Which,
Air Valves, Which,

SLIDE VALVES
Valves, Which.
Kind,

Lap, Steam,
Lead,

Seats, Which,
Yokes, Which.
Stems. Which.
Stem Glands, Which.
Stem Packing, Which,
VALVE GEAR.
Links, Which,

Mat'!.
Mat'l,
Mat'l.

Di»m

Mat'l,
Make,

Mat'l,

Make.

Left,

Mat'l,

Keys,
Mat'l.

Keys.

Exhaust,
Kind,

Kind,

131.
132.
133.
134.
135.

139.
140.

141.
142.
143.
144.
145.
146.
147.
148.
149.

150.
151.
152.
153.
154.
155.
156.
157.
158.
159.
160.
161.
162.
163.
164.
165.
166.
167.
168.
169.
170.
171.
172.
173.
174.
175.
176.
177.
178.
179.

180.
181.
182.
183.
184.
185.
186.
187.
188.

189.
190.
191.
192.

Rocker Arms, Which,
Rocker Boxes, Which
Eccentrics, Which,
Straps, Which,
Rods, Which,
Reverse Lever,
Quadrant,
Reach Rod,
Valve Rod. Which,
Tumbling Shaft.

STEAM PIPES. Etc.
Steam Pipes, Which,
Exhaust Pipes,
Ex. Nozzles, Kind,
Tee Pipe,
Dry Pipe,
Stand Pipe,

Size.

Throttle Valve,

Throttle Lever,

Throttle Stem,

MISCELLANEOUS.

Air Signal and Piping,

Bell Bell Ringer.

Bell Stand.

Brake, Air, Sue of Pump,

Bumper Girths, Beam.

Cab,

Cab Brackets, 1

Cab Deck Castings, Wood Deck,

Chafing Iron,

Do*ne Casing,

Frames. Frame Castings;

Frame Jaws and Braces,

Hand Railing.

Hand Rail Columns,

Head Light, Front. Back.

Head Light Brackets,

Jacket,

Lagging, Kind,

Painting,

Pilot, Front Back.

Pilot Coupler — Automatic,

Running Board,

Running Board Brackets.

Sand Box,

Sand Box Casing,

Sander — Kind,

Steam Gauge,

Steam Heating Apparatus— Kind.

Three Way Cock.Air Pump Exhaust

Wheel Covers, Engine Truck.
TENDER.

Tank, Capacity, Gals. .

Tank Braces,

Tank Valves,

Tank Hose,

Tank Boxes,

Tender Frame. Iron or Wood,

Tender Frame Rods,

Tender and Engine Draw Bar,

Tender Draw Bar Coupler — Auto-
matic,

Tender Trucks,

Tender Truck Wheels, No. new,

Tender Springs, Make,

Teader Brakes,
Date put in Shop,
Date Ready for Service,

COST OF REPAIRS.
Material.
.Labor,
Total.

Remark*:

62 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

m. p. forms 9, 10 and 11.

Shop Foreman's Report to His Superior of Re-
pairs on Particular Engines.

Forms 9, 10 and 11 are used by foremen at the gen-
eral shops in connection with Form 8, the numbers on
these blanks corresponding with the numbers used in
designating the repairs as particularized on that form.
Instead of itemizing (writing in) the repairs made on
an engine, the foreman, to save clerical work, simply
enters the letters "X." or "0" after the number
which corresponds with the item of repairs as shown
on Form 8.

Separate reports of this form (three in number) are
provided for use in the different shops, the parts
(numbers) listed on each report being such as will
be repaired or renewed in the particular shop for
which the form is designed.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES. 63

M. P. Form 9
SHOP FOREMAN'S REPORT TO HIS SUPERIOR OF RE-
PAIRS ON PARTICULAR ENGINES

Engine No.

Date in.

Date out.

Note. — The numbers shown on this report correspond, so far as they go,
to those shown on Form 8. For all repairs made to engines where new parts
are applied the ietter "X" should be entered opposite the number correspond-
ing to the part replaced; for all parts that are repaired the letter **0" should
be entered opposite the number.

This report will be sent to the general foreman, who will enter the sev-
eral items shown herein, on Form 8.

1

23

79

2

24

80

3

25

86

4

26

87

5

27

88

6

28

109

7

29

110

8

30

111

9

31

112

10

32

113

11

33

114

12

39

115

13

46

116

14

"67

128

15

68

129

17

69

130

19

70

136

20

71

137

21

72

22

73

Remarks:

Foreman.

64 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS,

M. P. Form 10
SHOP FOREMAN'S REPORT TO HIS SUPERIOR OF RE-
PAIRS ON PARTICULAR ENGINES

Engine No.

Date in.

Date out.

Note. — The numbers shown on this report correspond, so far as they go,
to those shown on Form 8. For all repairs made to engines where new parts
are applied the letter "X" should be entered opposite the number correspond-
ing to the part replaced; for all parts that are repaired the letter "O" should be
entered opposite the number.

This report will be sent to the general foreman, who will enter the sev-
eral items shown herein, on Form 8.

16

62

94

125

151

*

26

63

95

126

152

34

64

96

127

156

35

65

97

131

157

40

66

98

132

158

•

41

74

99

133

159

42

75

100

134

1 160

1

47

76

101

135

161

48

77

102

138

162

49

78

105

139

163

51

81

107

140

165

52

82

108

141

173

53

83

117

142

174

54

84

118

143

175

55

85

119

144

176

56

89

120

145

177

57

90

121

146

178

58

91

122

147

59

92

123

148

60

93

124

149

Remarks:

Fc

>reman.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES.

65

M. P. Form 11

SHOP FOREMAN'S REPORT TO HIS SUPERIOR OF RE-
PAIRS ON PARTICULAR ENGINES

Engine No.

Date in.

Date out.

Note. — The numbers shown on this report correspond, so far as they go,
to those shown on Form 8. For all repairs made to engines where new parts are
applied, the letter "X" should be entered opposite the number corresponding
to the part replaced; for all parts that are repaired the letter "O" should be
entered opposite the number.

This report will be sent to the general foreman, who will enter the sev-
eral items shown herein, on Form 8.

18

154

184

36

Beam

185

—

37

155

186

38

157

187

43

164

188

44

166

189

45

167

190

49

169

191

50

170

192

61

171

103

179

104

180

106

181

150

182

153

i

183

Remarks:

Foreman.

66 TEE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. FORM 12.

Master Mechanic's Report of Cost of Repairs
on Particular Engines.

The purpose of this report is to show the gross cost
of material and labor expended for repairs on a par-
ticular engine at a certain shop.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES.

67

H

g

to

anic

the

port

ffice.

fc

^3 a? a) ©
» 2 u

o

h- 1

2 Sfi <i> .22
2 o X ^3

(M

$

tC

£

1- O _, d
<U CO C .=
j5 « w

s

M
<

P

H
M

Ph
O

ng to $25.00 or more. The mas
ward it to the storekeeper in wh<
expended in the repairs and retu
rm 8 and keep this report on file

d

ounti
id for
labor
n Fo:

erial

8

<H

§

d 5 rr« +5

P-i

1

dS^i s

■J c

H

(3

repairs
of sho
terial
provic

oat of

u-» H

o

«

4J

CO

O

O
H

p

i

serving
ate out
t of ma
e space

Total f!

o
la

> o

O

B 2 '8-fl

<u d m d

o

.2 * J3 ,,H

bfl 0. ■** co

fr

o 2 ^ d
® -5 .2 '3

o

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o> © d t;

^ +3 •£ O

M

i o <3 ^ +»

O

43 - A §

Ph

is mad
numbei
kept, w

ter the i

«j

.3 d ,rt ®

o

hH

<!

of this k
the engi
nd labor
who will

i a

w

report
report
terial a
:hanic,

2 o

O -*»

a

1 1 11 •

■P «H W

3 §

K

OTE.-

r on
iono
aster

33 e3

W

5 Q

H

'

* -2 1* 2

02

s .-a ©.

<1

will <
distr
to th

68 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. FORM 13.

Master Mechanic's Monthly SumiMary to the
Superintendent of Motive Power and Ma-
chinery in Regard to Heavy Repairs Made
on Engines.

This report is furnished the Superintendent of Mo-
tive Power and Machinery that he may have a check
on the Master Mechanic's (Form 8), to see that the
Master Mechanic does not fail to send in a detailed
report of repairs on each engine.

SUPERVISIOX OF LOCOMOTIVES. 69

M. P. Form 13

MASTER MECHANIC'S MONTHLY SUMMARY TO THE

SUPERINTENDENT OF MOTIVE POWER AND

MACHINERY IN REGARD TO HEAVY

REPAIRS MADE ON ENGINES.

During the month of 19—

Note. — This report is to be made by each Master Mechanic and forwarded
to the Superintendent of Motive Power and Machinery by the fifteenth day
of the month. It should state the nature of the work performed on each en-
gine receiving heavy repairs at the different shops, and length of time each
engine is in the shop; also, the engines that are undergoing repairs or awaiting
repairs at the different shops on the division on the last day of the month.

SHOP

Engine
Nos.

Date

[N

Date OUT

Description of Heavy Repairs

ENGINES OUT OF SERVICE ON THE

LAST DAY OF THE MONTH.

** t*

*4H

«*- be

<M

1H bC

S-t

° a

0

o a

0

o a

O

mbers
gines
dergoi
pairs

T: tO

mbers
gines
dergoi
pairs

CO be

mbers
gines
dergoi
pairs

co be

SHOP

S big p.

SHOP

mbei
gines
'aitin
pairs

SHOP

mber
gines
raitin
pairs

a a a ©

a a > a>

a z a o

a a £©

a a a ©

a a > a

ZKPtf

ZW^tf

ZWLJD5

£H«!tf

ZWPtf

£W«5P3

70 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. FORM 14.

Foreman's Weekly Report of Locomotives in Shop.

This report is designed to show the amount and
division of work done on engine repairs at the gen-
eral shops each week; also engines put in service and
the number that await repairs.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES.

71

M. P. Form 14

FOREMAN'S WEEKLY REPORT OF LOCOMOTIVES IN SHOP.

For the week commencing .......19..

Note. — This- report 1* «ompiled at the general shops on Monday of each week by the genera! foreman and a cony sent to each
shop foreman, and to the Superintendent of Motive Power and Machinery. It shows the several shops through which an engine
passes from the time of arrival on the hospital track until such engine has undergone repairs and left the shops.

The first section of thip report represents the gangs into whioh the force of the erecting shop is divided. "Under each gang
should be shown the number and class of each engine undergoing repairs, also theMivision on which it was last in service, the date
in shop, date expected out and the nature of the- repairs to be given. In the "Miscellaneous" column of this section should be
shown the dates on which engines will be out of the shops that have been delayed beyond, or that will be out previous to their
scheduled dates.

The 6econd section shows the output or the Humber of engines that have left the shop during the month, the number sent
out each week being added to those previously reported for the same month.

The third section shows the engines receiving boiler-shop repairs in connection with other repairs, and also the output of
engines from the boiler-shop during the month. The claae of repairs given an engine in the boiler-shop should be indicated by
the letters as shown in the note at the left of this section^

The fourth section shows the engines that will be limbered up and put in service the coming week, and also those put in serv-
ice the previous week, the number and class of the engine, and the division on which it was last in service.

The fifth section shows, the number and class of all engines on the hospital track awaiting repairs, the division on which each
engine was last in service, the date received on hospital track and the nature of the repairs needed.

•ENGINES IN THE SHOP.

Gang I

Gang II

Gang III

Gang IV

Gang V

Miscellaneous

2

if

|

i
I

i

J

1

.13

"?

£

si

OS

.1

-2

3

1

-S

i

d

1

Si

1

1

g
1

i

•
1

|

S
;s

S

.5

1

g
1

e
I

DArt

A

3

1

Will be Out

Scheduled

OUTPUT OP THE SHOP FOB MONTH OP_

„UPT

0

-

Gang I

Gang II

Gang III

Gang IV

Gang V

BO Z

if

a
1

I

§

Da

i

Si

J
3

.2

g

BC

J

S3

J
1

m

g

J

C
'2.

£2

3

5
'1

3

J

1
1

1

1
3

■i

j

g
1

i

ENGINES IN THE BOILER SHOP

O'UTPDT OF THB BOILER SHOP FOR THE I0STH OF CP" TO

I0TJ— The fallowing letters
represent boiler repairs.

BogJo.

Dttoin

Date
Out

Re-

piirs

Bng.Ro.

Pat* In

Date
Out

Re-
pairs

IngJlo

Detain

DaM
out

Re-
pairs.

Eag.Ko.

Date ia

Date
oat

Rs-j

pairs'

SngHo

Date ia

Kate
out

Repair

A

B
C
D
E
F
G
H

J
K
L

Fire Box
Half Sides
Bwk Fine Sheet
Front Flue Sheet
Door Sheet
Crown Sheet
Smoke Arch
Wagon Top
Dome
Back Head
Extension
New Boiler

0

V

ENGINES TO BE LIMBERED UP

ENGINES PUT IN SERVIOE LAST WEEK

Eng

Cla
Dlv

Ine
ss
siori

So.

ENGINES ON HOSPITAL TRACK

Engine No.
Class
Division
Date on Track
Repairs

Engine No.
Class
DlvlsioD
Date on Track
Repairs.

.General Foreman.

72 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. FORM 15.

Definition of What Constitutes Engine Failures.

The purpose of this form is to advise employes of
the operating and motive power departments as to
what constitutes an engine failure; also causes by
which trains are delayed, that are not to be consid-
ered or reported as engine failures.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES. 73

M. P. Form 15

DEFINITION OF WHAT CONSTITUTES ENGINE FAILURES

1. All delays occasioned by waiting for an engine at an initial terminal,
except in cases where an engine must be turned, or does not arrive at initial
point in time to be cared for and dispatched before leaving time.

2. All delays on account of engine breaking down; running hot; not steam-
ing well or having to reduce tonnage on account of defective engine; causing
a delay at a terminal; or meeting point; or junction connection; or delaying
traffic.

DELAYS FROM THE FOLLOWING CAUSES ARE NOT TO BE CON-
SIDERED AS ENGINE FAILURES.

1. Whenever engines lose time and afterwards regain it without delay to
connections or other traffic.

2. Whenever a passenger or scheduled freight train is delayed from other
causes, and an engine (having a defect) makes up more time than it loses on
its own account.

3. Delays to passenger trains when they are less than five minutes late
at terminals or junction points.

4. Delays to scheduled freight trains when they are less than twenty
minutes late at terminals or junction points.

5. Delays when an engine is given excess of tonnage and stalls on a hill,
providing the engine is working and steaming well.

6. Delays on extra dead freight trains if the run is made in less hours
than the miles divided by ten.

7. Whenever engines are steaming poorly, or flues leaking, on any run
where the engine has been delayed on side tracks other than by defects of en-
gine, or are on the road an unreasonable length of time: say fifteen hours or
more per one hundred miles.

8. For reasonable delays in cleaning fires and ash-pans on the road.

9. When engines are coming from outside points to the shop for repairs.

10. Failure to provide a particular engine which is held in the roundhouse
for needed repairs, and is called for by the Operating Department, before the
stated time, of which latter the Operating Department has been informed.

11. Broken draft rigging on engines and tenders caused by air being set
on train, account of bursted hose or breaking in two.

12. Delays to fast schedule trains when the weather conditions are such
that it is impossible to make the time, providing the engine is working and
steaming well.

13. Delays when an engine gets out of coal and water, caused by being
held between coal and water stations an unreasonable length of time.

74 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P, FORM 16.

Train Dispatcher's Daily Report of Engine

Failures.

The object of this report is to advise operating and
mechanical officials of 'engine failures that occur on the
different divisions daily; also as a check and to allow
a comparison to be made of delays reported hereon as
engine failures, with Form 17.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES. 75

M. P. Form 16

TRAIN DISPATCHER'S DAILY REPORT OF
ENGINE FAILURES

-Division.

Date

19....

Note. — The Train Dispatcher will make four copies of this report, daily,
and send one copy to each of the following officials: the General Superin-
tendent, Division Superintendent, Superintendent of Motive Power and Machin-
ery and Master Mechanic. The cause and particulars of delay as given in this re-
port must be compared with Form 17.

Should the Master Mechanic consider an engine failure has been unjustly
charged he will write to the Division Superintendent stating his reasons and
send a copy of his letter to the Superintendent of Motive Power and Machin-
ery. If, upon investigation, the Superintendent finds the failure has been
unjustly charged, he will cancel same using this blank for that purpose, noting
"cancelled" in the Remarks column, and send a copy of the cancellaton re-
port to the General Superintendent, Superintedent of Motive Power and
Machinery and Master Mechanic.

Train
No.

Conductor

Engineer

Engine
No.

Cause

Time of
Delay

REMARKS

76 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. FORM 17.

Engineer's Report to Master Mechanic of De-
lays on Each Trip.

This report is to -enable the Master Mechanic to
obtain the engineer's version of delays on each trip ;
also to enable him to investigate the delays shown on
Form 16.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES.

77

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78 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. FORM 18.

Master Mechanic's Ten Days Report to the Super-
intendent of Motive Power and Machinery
of Engine Failures.

The object of this report is to enable a comparison
to be made with Fortn 16 received by the Superin-
tendent of Motive Power and Machinery; also for the
information and enlightenment of mechanical officials,
regarding particulars of failure, as explained by the
Master Mechanic,

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES.

79

M. P. Form 18

MASTER MECHANIC'S TEN DAYS REPORT TO THE

SUPERINTENDENT OF MOTIVE POWER AND

MACHINERY OF ENGINE FAILURES.

On Division.

For the ten days ending 19.

Note. — A report of this form must be made by master mechanics, at the
end of every ten days, and forwarded to the Superintendent of Motive Power
and Machinery not later than three days after the termination of the period
which it covers.

The first report should include all failures from the first to the tenth day
inclusive; the second, from the eleventh to the twentieth day inclusive; and
the third, from the twenty-first to and including the last day of the month.

It is important that the exact cause of failure be stated in each case.

Date of

Failure

Engine

Number

Train
Number

Engineer

Total

Time

Delayed

Time
Made Up

Cause of Failure

80 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. FORM 19.

Monthly Record of the Superintendent of Mo-
tive Power and Machinery of Particulars
(Cause) of Engine Failures on Each Day of
the Month.

The object of this record is to ascertain at a glance
the total number of engine failures from each cause
daily, and finally for the whole month.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES.

81

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82 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. FORM 20.

Monthly Summary of the Superintendent of Mo-
tive Power and Machinery of Cause of En-
gine Failures on Each Division.

The purpose of this exhibit, like those that precede
it, is to afford the Superintendent of Motive Power
and Machinery an accurate recapitulation of the total
number of engine failures, from each cause, on the
different divisions and on the whole road; and also to
enable him to compare same with other months.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES.

S3

M. P. Form 20

MONTHLY SUMMARY OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF MOTIVE POWER AND
MACHINERY OF CAUSE OF ENGINE FAILURES ON EACH DIVISION.

For the month of

.19.

Nnrr —This monthly exhibit is compiled in the office of the Superintendent of Motive Power and Machinery on the twentieth
day of the month succeeding that for which it is made. It ia a summary of engine failures, and shows the number of failures from

"* <T°^^^?^^nZSl^^^*^nnmbW of failures, and miles run per engine failure is shown for the1
previous month and for the corresponding month of the previous year.

CAUSE OF FAILURE.

HOT BEARINGS.
Driving Boxes.
Pins

Engine Trucks.
Tender Trucks
Eccentrics
Wedges Stuck
Trailing Wheel Boxes
MACHINERY FAILURES.
Broken Piston Rods
Head
Glands
" '' Followers
*' " Follower Rolts
Pistons, Loose
Bent
Follower Bolts Loose
Broken Valve Stems

" Valve Stem Glands

" Yokes
" " Seats

Balance Plates Loose
Broken Packing Rings
" Cross Heads
" Cross Head Keys
Cylinder Heads
Cylinder Head Studs
" Cylinder Saddles
" Eccentrics

Eccentric Straps
Blades
" Bolts

" Strap Boks
Eccentric Blades Loose
Eccentrics Slipped
Broken Frames

" Pedestal Bolts
" Main Rods
Side Rods
" Crank Pins
" Rod Straps
" Rod Bolts
Main Rods Bent
Rod Key Lost
Rod Oil Cup Lost
Broken Guides

" Guide Yokes
" Guide Poke Bolt3
" Rocker Arms
Rocker Arm Bolts Lost
Broken Equalizers

Equalizer Bolts
" Links
" Link Blocks
" Link Block Pins
Link Lifters
Driving Wheels
Driving Axles
" Engine Truck Axles
Tender Truck Axles
Tender Trucks
Tender Truck Brasses
" Tires
Tires Loose
Cellar Bolts Lost

DIVI3IONS | TOTALS

CAUSE OF FAILURE.

Broken Driving Boxes
" Wedge Bolts
" Driving Springs
" Engine Truck Springs
" Tender Truck Springs
" Spring Hangers
" Reverse Levers
" Reverse Lever Latches

BOILER FAILURES.

Leaking Flues

" Fire Boxes
'-' Arch Tubes
" Steam Pipes
" Exhaust Pipes
Hand Hole Plates

Flues Burst

Arch Tubes Burst

Hand Hole Plal.ee Blown Out

Stay Bolts

Fire Box Studs "

Flue Plugs

Blow-off Cock Stuck

Blow-off Cock Leaking

Broken Blow-off Cock Pipes

Foaming

Injectors Not Working

Injector Checks Stuck

Broken Injector Pipes

Broken Whistles

Throttles Disconnected

Throttles Leaking
Ant BRAKE FAILURES

Air Pumps

Broken Air Pipes

Broken Air Hose

Air Pipes Loose

Air Pipes Leaking

Broken Brake Beams
Brake Rods •
" Driver Brake Hangers
" Driver Brakes

Driver Brakes Sticking
MISCELLANEOUS FAILURES.
104. Broken Drop Grates

Grates Burned
" Down '
" Disconnected
" Stuck

Broken Lubricator Glasses
" Water Glasses
" Tender Truss Rods
" Tender Draw Heads, F.
" Tender Draw Heads, B.
Engine Draw Heads. F.
" Steam Heat Pipes

Diaphragm Down

Fire Brick Arch Down.

Poor Coal

Not Steaming (Other Causes)

Steam Hose

Lubricator

Packing Blowing

Petticoat Pipes Misplaced

Blower Pipes B'k'n or Discn'd

Tank Hose Disconnected

04.
95.

96.

97.

98.

99,
100,
101.
102.
103.

DIVISIONS TOTALS

TOTAL NUMBER OF FAILURES

Total Number of Failures .

Total Number of Failurf.s.

RECAPITULATION

DIVISIONS

All
Divisions

NUMBER OF FAILURES

TOTAL ENGINE MILES

MILES RUN PER ENGINE FAILURE. . .

Miles Run per Engine Failure 19 .

Miles Run per Engine Failure. . . 19

84 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. FORM 21.

Locomotive Engineer's Trip Report of Time

Worked.

The purpose of this report is to obtain an accurate
account of the time of engineers and firemen engaged
in road work. It should be compared by the time-
keeper with Form 22, and all discrepancies investi-
gated. If delayed or overtime is claimed the time-
keeper will forward the report to the division super-
intendent for verification and approval.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES.

85

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86 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. FORM 22.

Train Dispatcher's Daily Record of Train Move-
ments.

This report is used by the timekeeper in verifying
Form 21. It is also a valuable record of what en-
gines can do and what they are actually required to do.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES.

87

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88 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. FORM 23

Engineer's Daily Report of Switching Time.

The object of this report is to obtain the time
worked each day by crews of switch engines. It
should be compared with Form 24 and all discrepan-
cies investigated and corrected.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES.

89

M. P. Form 23

ENGINEER'S REPORT OF SWITCHING TIME.

Note. — When an engine crew is engaged in switching, a report of this char-
acter must be made by the engineer at the close of the day's service and for-
warded to the agent (or person in charge at the point where the work was per-
formed), who, after approving same, will forward it to the timekeeper. If
time is taken for meal, one hour should be deducted in allowing the time as
shown by this report.

No. of Hours Engine No

■i

Switching at.

From o'clock M. To o'clock M.

Date.

.19.

Engineer.

Fireman.

REMARKS.

Did you work noon
hour?

CO THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. FORM 24.

Agent's Report of Time Worked by Switch Yard

Crews.

This report gives the names and time worked by
switching crews. It is also used to verify the time
reported by enginemen for switching work at sta-
tions and yards.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES. 91

M. P. Form 24

AGENT'S REPORT OF TIME WORKED BY SWITCH

YARD CREWS.

At - for 24 hours ending o'clock.— M.

Signed

19.

INSTRUCTIONS:— This report is to be made in triplicate (by the use
of carbon sheets^ by the agent, yard master or other person in charge of
the station or yard where switching crews are engaged.

A copy should be sent daily to the Division Superintendent and
Storekeeper, and a copy retained as a record by the maker.

Time Worked by Enginemen.

Engine
No.

Name of Engineer

Name of Fireman

Time Com-
menced
Work

Time Quit
Work

Time

Taken for

Meals

Total

lonrs

Worked

Time Worked by Trainmen.

Engine
No.

N ame of Foreman

Name of Helpers

Time Com-
menced
Work

Time Quit
Work

Time
Taken for

Meals

Total
lours
Worked

92 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. FORM 25.

Engineer's Monthly Report of Time Worked.

This report of work done is used by timekeeper to
verify the time allowed engineers and firemen during
the month, as posted in the time book from the daily
trip reports.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES. 93

M. P. Form 25

ENGINEER'S MONTHLY REPORT OF TIME

WORKED.

Engineer.

For the month of :..19 Division.

Note. — This report is made by each engineer and forwarded to the time-
keeper not later than the second day after the close of the month.

Miscellaneous time is intended to include time attending law suits in-
quests, dispatching, watching and trying engines, or other time not actually on
road or engaged in switching services.

Delayed and overtime should be entered with running time.

NAME OF
FIREMAN

Date

Totals,

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31

u

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RUNNING TIME

Way-Frt. Eng,

ho

5

Other Engines

Send Pay Check to.

94 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. FORM 26.

Division Time Book of Locomotive Engineer's
Giving Particulars of the Service of Each.

The loose leaves which go to make up the time book
are bound together when the work is completed, in
the office where the time is kept.

This form is used for keeping the time of both, en-
gineers and firemen, the positions being reversed in
each case.

In the column headed "Miscellaneous Time," should
be entered all time dispatching, trying engines, acting
as witness in Jaw cases, or other time not in actual
service on road or switching work.

In column headed " Switching Time," should be en-
tered time in which a crew is engaged in yard switch-
ing.

In column headed "Running Time," will be entered
the total number of "hours allowed each day for such
service. When pay is based on the number of miles
run, the total miles divided by ten will represent the
hours, the term hour representing ten miles. The ac-
tual hours for which compensation is allowed, will be
entered in these columns, according to the class of
engine in service.*

In the column headed "Engine Number," will be
entered the number of the engine as shown on Form 21.
In case an engine crew has more than one engine on a
given date, the number of miles for each engine should
be shown. If this cannot be entered in the proper col-
umn, it should be given in the "Remarks" column.

In the column headed "From and To," should be
shown the name of the station from and to which the
service has been rendered.

*The accompanying formulas represent in part particular
methods for determining wages and will require to be changed to
meet different methods.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES. 95

In the columns headed " Miles Run," will be en-
tered the actual number of miles of each kind of ser-
vice rendered on each division. All passenger and
freight mileage shown should be the actual number of
miles between the stations named, as indicated by the
time tables.

The mileage for "Work" service should be com-
puted at eight miles per hour when compensation is
made on the basis of hours worked, and the mileage
does not exceed this amount. If the actual miles run
exceed eight miles per hour, they should be shown.

Switching mileage and pusher service should be com-
puted at six miles per hour. Light mileage*, which
is also shown in switching column, is actual mileage
as shown by the time table.

The location and kind of service entered in the
"Work" columun should be fully explained in the
"Remarks" column, as all service of this nature
must be charged to the account benefited thereby.

In the columns headed "Delayed Time" and "Over-
time" should be entered amounts, which added to one-
tenth of the miles run will equal the hours allowed for
a run in which delayed or overtime occurred.

In the column headed "Constructive Mileage"
should be entered the excess of the time allowed
over the actual time worked, when under the
terms of compensation the enginemen are entitled to
pay for less than full work. For example, a freight
crew on a certain date, makes a trip of 80 miles in
less than eight hours, which is all the work they are
called upon to do, and which is equivalent to eight
hours' work, but as they are entitled to ten hours or
a full day's pay, 20 miles is entered in the "Construc-
tive Mileage" column, which added to the 80 miles
actually run, equals 100 miles or ten hours' work.

*Light mileage or a light engine is where an engine and tender
passes over the road without any cars attached whatever.

96 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

At the close of the month each sheet should be
footed and proved by comparing the total footings
of the hours with those of the mileage.

The total footings of the hours at each separate
rate should be shown in the column headed " Num-
ber of Hours Allowed/' and the amount of wages at
each separate rate computed and entered in the col-
umn headed "Amount." These amounts should be
footed and the total entered on the pay roll.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES.

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98 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. FORM 27.

Engine House Register.

This record book is kept in each round-house, and
shows the arrival and departure of each engine, one
page being used for. arrivals and the opposite page for
departures (the word, " Departures" being inserted in
place of "Arrivals.")

It is carefully preserved as a record in case any
question should arise regarding the time of arrival or
departure of an engine or crew.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES.

99

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100

THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. FORM 28.

Storekeeper's Monthly Report to the Superin-
tendent of Motive Power and Machinery of
Delayed and Overtime Allowed Engineers
and Firemen.

This record is made by the timekeeper, and, after
being copied, is forwarded to the Superintendent of
Motive Power and Machinery on or before the eighth
day of the month.

It shows in detail the number of hours allowed each
day to each engineer and fireman for delayed and over-
time, as shown on Form 26. Like that form it is ar-
ranged to meet a particular method of computing the
wages of enginemen.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES.

101

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102 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. FORM 29.

Monthly Record of the Superintendent of Mo-
tive Power and Machinery of the Gross
Cost of Delayed and Overtime on Each
Division.

The purpose of this report is to keep motive power
and operating officials advised of the cost each month
of delayed and overtime on the different divisions
and on the whole road.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES.

103

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104 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. FORM 30.

Monthly Statement of Locomotive Mileage on

Each Division.

The purpose of this statement is to obtain the total
mileage made in the different classes of service by
each individual engine on the division.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES.

105

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106 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. FORM 3L

Monthly Report of Locomotive Mileage (Clas-
sified) of Each Engine.

The purpose of this, report made by the local time-
keeper is to advise the general storekeeper of the
mileage made by each engine on the division, in
the different classes of service, and also the total
mileage for the division.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES. 107

M. P. Form 31
MONTHLY REPORT OF LOCOMOTIVE MILEAGE
(CLASSIFIED) OF EACH ENGINE.

Division.

During the month of 19.

Note. — This report should be made by division storekeepers (or time-
keepers), and forwarded to the general storekeeper on or before the twelfth day
of each month. It should show the total number of miles made in the different
classes of service by each engine on the division as shown by Form 30.

Before forwarding the report, the storekeeper must verify it by compar-
ing same with the total mileage as shown by Form 26.

Engine
No.

Pass.

Frt.

Work

Switch

Engine
No.

Pass.

Frt.

Work

Switch

108 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. FORM 32.

Monthly Record of the Mileage of Each Engine.

This form is used for summing up (and recording)
the mileage made by. each engine, monthly (and so
for the year), in the different classes of service. It
forms the basis of statistical statements, comparisons,
etc.

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110 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. FORM 33.

Monthly Report of Particulars of Cost of Re-
pairs of Each Locomotive.

This report made for the general storekeeper is
used by him in ascertaining the amount of material
and labor expended in the repairs of engines at the
different shops and thus by recapitulating the same
to ascertain the total amount chargeable to each en-
gine.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES.

Ill

M. P. Form 33

MONTHLY REPORT OF PARTICULARS OF COST
OF REPAIRS OF EACH LOCOMOTIVE.

At. .....Shops. During the month of 19....

Note. — This report made by storekeepers should include repairs made
to locomotives at their shops.

Engine numbers must be entered in numerical order, and the amount of
material and labor expended in repairs entered opposite the number of the
engine.

The report must be footed and balanced with the amount charged to re-
pairs of locomotives in the material and labor distribution books. An im-
pression must be taken of the report, after which it will be forwarded to the
general storekeeper, on or before the fourteenth day of each month.

Eng.
No.

Mater-
ial

Labor

Eng
No.

Mater-
ial

Labor

Eng.
No.

Mater-
ial

Labor

112 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. FORM 34.

Monthly Record of Repairs on Each Locomo-
tive.

This form is used for the purpose of recapitulating
the cost of material and labor expended in the re-
pairs of each engine during the month as reported
from the several shops; and thus the general store-
keeper ascertains the total amount chargeable to each
engine.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES. 113

M. P. Form 34

MONTHLY RECORD OF REPAIRS ON EACH

LOCOMOTIVE.

During the month of : 19.

Note. — This information is compiled monthly in the office of the general
storekeeper from Form 33.

The numbers of the engines are entered in numerical order, and the cost
of material and labor expended in repairs (as shown on Form 33), entered op-
posite.

Three columns are provided each for entries of material and labor, and
in case the same engine number appears on more than three different reports
(Form 33), two entries may be made in each column opposite the engine num-
ber.

The amounts should be cross-footed into the total columns; these
amounts should then be entered on Form 35, for the division to which
the engine is assigned as per the name of the division entered in the space pro-
vided hereon.

Engine
No.

Material

Total

Labor

Total

Division

114 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. FORM 35.

Monthly Report for the Superintendent of Mo-
tive Power and Machinery of the Miles Run
and Cost of Repairs of Each Engine.

This report is used 'by the general storekeeper to
ascertain the mileage made by the engines on each
division in the different classes of service during the
month; also the total amount of material and labor
expended for repairs of the engines assigned to each
division.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES.

115

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116 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. FORM 36.

Monthly Report for Division Master Mechanic
of Mileage and Cost of Repairs of Each
Locomotive on His Division.

This form is used fry the general storekeeper in re-
porting to the master mechanic of each division the
total mileage and cost of repairs of the engines on his
division during the month. Also the total mileage
and cost of repairs.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES.

117

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118 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. FORM 37.

Record of Mileage (Classified) and Cost of Re-
pairs of Each Locomotive.

This is a record book, kept in the office of the gen-
eral storekeeper, and from which he may obtain, at
any time, the mileage made by each engine in the
different classes of service, during any month of the
year on a particular division; also the cost of material
and labor expended in repairing such engines.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES.

119

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120 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. FORM 38.

Form of Coal Tickets Used on Engines.

These tickets are used for purposes of accounting,
for coal delivered to locomotives.

The tickets are in book form and perforated so
that any number may be removed at one time. They
are numbered consecutively, the first being numbered
0, the next 1, and so on.

A new book is given to each engineer at the begin-
ning of the month. It has his name written on the
cover, and his number. and the name of the division
to which he is assigned, stamped on each ticket. At
the end of the month the book is returned to the
Master Mechanic, with all unused tickets therein.
Thus the number of the first unused ticket will repre-
sent the number of tons delivered to the engineer
during the month.

To aid in determining the quantity of coal used in
the different classes of service, it will be found advan-
tageous to have the tickets printed on different col-
ored paper, as say red for passenger service; white for
freight, and blue for work trains and switching service.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES.

121

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122 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS,

M. P. FORM 39.

Monthly Report of Fuel Delivered at Each
Point to Locomotives.

The purpose of this monthly report is to enable the
division storekeeper to ascertain (and account for) the
amount of fuel delivered to locomotives engaged in the
different classes of service on each division.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES.

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124 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. FORM 40.

Monthly Summary of Fuel Delivered to Loco-
motives.

The purpose of this report is to furnish the gen-
eral storekeeper with the amount .of fuel (coal and
wood) delivered to locomotives on each division, the
amount for the different classes of service being given
separately.

Reports and methods generally similar to those
enumerated herein may be used to advantage when
oil or other combustible is used for fuel.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES. 125

M. F. Form 40

MONTHLY SUMMARY OF FUEL DELIVERED TO

LOCOMOTIVES.

Assigned to Division during the month of 19—.

Note. — This record is compiled by division storekeepers from Form 39.

A separate statement must be made for the locomotives of each division
to which fuel has been delivered- Reports must be footed and balanced and
an impression taken, and sent forward to the general stoorekeeper on the fifth
day after the close of the month. Before forwarding the statement the store-
keeper must verify it by the tickets actually delivered by locomotive engineers.

When locomotives make mileage on two or more divisions, the amount of
fuel to be charged to each division will be apportioned by the general store-
keeper.

Stations

Pass. Service

Frt. Service

WRK. AND SWITCH
■SERVICE

Total

Tons
Coal

Cords
Wood

Tons
Coal

Cords
Wood

Tons
Coal

Cords
Wood

Tons
Coal

Cords
Wood

j
1

4i

8-'

■Alt*

1942

1 *^

5024-^

.Storekeeper.

126 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS,

M. P. FORM 41.

Form of Oil and Waste Tickets Used on

Engines.

These tickets are used for purposes of accounting,
for all oil and waste furnished locomotives.

The tickets are in book form and perforated so that
any number may be removed at one time.

(They are also numbered in consecutive order, the
first being numbered 0, the next 1, and so on.)

A new book is given to each engineer at the be-
ginning of each month, with his name written on the
cover, and his number and the name of the division
to which he is assigned, stamped on each ticket.

At the end of the month the book is to be returned
to the Master Mechanic with all unused tickets therein.
The number shown on the first unused ticket, multi-
plied by the quantity designated on the ticket, repre-
sents the quantity of eack kind of oil or waste de-
livered to each engineer during the month.

To aid in determining the quantities of the differ-
ent kinds of oil and waste used, it will be found advan-
tageous to have tickets printed on different colored
paper, as blue for engine oil, red for valve oil, green
for signal oil, white for car oil, yellow for cotton waste
and brown for wool waste.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES.

127

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128 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. FORM 42.

Monthly Report of Total Amount of Oil and
Waste Delivered to Locomotives

on Each Division.
.
From reports of this nature the general storekeeper
ascertains the number of pints of oil and pounds of
waste delivered to locomotives on each of the different
divisions of a road.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES.

129

M. P. Form 42

MONTHLY REPORT OF TOTAL AMOUNT OF OIL

AND WASTE DELIVERED TO LOCOMOTIVES

ON EACH DIVISION.

At During the month of.

.19.

Note. — This report is compiled by all disbursing storekeepers, and should
be forwarded to the general storekeeper (after being copied), on or before the
tenth day of each month. It should show the number of pints of each kind
of oil, and pounds of waste delivered to locomotives on each division.

Pints of Oil

Division

Division

Division

Division

Division

Division

Engine

Kerosene

Signal

Cylinder

Car

Total

Pounds of Waste

Cotton
Wool

130 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. FORM 43.

Round House Foreman's Monthly Report of
the Number of Engines ' Wiped Daily.

This report furnishes the necessary information to
the storekeeper to enable him to make a proper dis-
tribution of the labor of locomotive wipers and dis-
patchers and round house laborers, for the different
classes of service in which the engines are engaged.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES,

131

M. P. Form 43

ROUNDHOUSE FOREMAN'S MONTHLY REPORT OF
ENGINES WIPED DAILY.

At

.Round House. During the month of 19.

Division.

Note. — This report is made by all round-house foremen at the end of each
month to the local storekeeper. It should show the number of engines in
each service that are wiped daily, the number wiped by the day force being
be shown separately from those wiped by the night force.

A separate report must be made for the engines of each division.

NUMBER OF ENGINES WIPED.

Passenger

Freight

Work

Switching

Date

Day

Night

Bay

Night

Day

Night

Day

Night

Remarks

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

Total

132 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. FORM 44,

Monthly Summary of Charges to Various Operat-
ing Accounts for Material and Labor Ac-
count of Engines on Each Division.

The purpose of thk report is to advise the general
storekeeper of the total amounts charged, by divi-
sions, to the various operating accounts, according to
the class of service in which the engines on each divi-
sion are engaged.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES.

133

M. P. Form 4,4

MONTHLY SUMMARY OF CHARGES TO VARIOUS OPERATING

ACCOUNTS FOR MATERIAL AND LABOR ACCOUNT

OF ENGINES ON EACH DIVISION.

For the month or..

19.

Note,

-This report is to be compiled by all storekeepers who keep distribution books. It should be forwarded to the gen-
er (after being copied), on or before the twelfth day of each month.
Under the heading "Fuel Delivered to Locomotives," should be reported the number of tons of coal and cords of wood de-

livered to locomotives in tiie different classes of service, and showing the quantity chargeable to each division. These figures are
compiled from Form 40. and any charges or credits shown in the material distribution book, on account of fuel furnished to loco-
motives in joint service, should be added to or subtracted from the fuel as shown on this report.

Charges to the accounts "Engineers and Firemen," "Oil. Waste andTallow used on Locomotives," "Locomotive Wipers and
Dispatchers," "Round House Laborers" and "Locomotive Supplies," should be reported in the spaces provided, and should show
the amounts chargeable to each division en account of the different classes of service. The total of each account should agree with
the amount charged such account in the material and labor distribution books before deducting the credits on account of work
train invoices.

FUEL DELIVERED TO LOCOMOTIVES

Passenger

Freight

Work and

Switching

TOTAL

DIVISIONS

Tons
Coal

Cords
Wood

Tons
Coal

Cords
Wood

Tons
Coal

Cords
Wood

Tons
Coal

Cords
Wood

Total

OIL, WASTE AND TALLOW USED ON LOCOMOTIVES.

Fassenger

Freight

Work and
Switching

TOTAL

DIVISIONS

Material

Labor

Material

Labor

Material

Labor

Material

Labor

Total

ENGINEERS AND FIREMEN.

Passenger

Freight

Work and
Switching

TOTAL

DIVISIONS

Material

Labor

Material

Labor

Material

Labor

Material

Labor

Total

LOCOMOTIVE WIPERS AND DISPATCHERS.

Passenger

Freight

Work and
Switching

TOTAL

DIVISIONS

Material

Labor

Material

Labor

Material

Labor

Material

Labor

Total

ROUND HOUSE LABORER8.

Passenger

Freight

Work and

Switching

TOTAL

DIVISIONS

Material

Labor

Material

Labor

Material

Labor

Material

I^bor

Total

LOCOMOTIVE SUPPLIE8.

Passenger

Freight

Work and

Switching

TOTAL

DIVISIONS

Material

Labor

Material

Labor

Material

Labor

Material

Labor

Total

Storekbbpbr.

134 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. FORM 45.

Locomotive Report— Particulars of Service and
Cost for Repairs, Supplies and Labor.

This valuable summary of locomotive operations is
compiled in the office of the general storekeeper and
a copy sent to the executive, operating, mechanical and
accounting officials, on the twenty-fifth day of each
month.

The object of this report is to inform the several
officials monthly as to the amount of work (miles run
and tons hauled) performed by locomotives on each
division, and the cost of operations generally.

The comparison of the current month with the cor-
responding month of the previous year is interesting.
The statistics for the different divisions of the road are
exhibited separately, for the purpose of comparing one
division with another.

M

it

n

II
£1

n
it

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES,

5S

*2

Miles
Operated

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' i

136 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. FORM 46.

Foreman's Monthly Report to Master Mechanic
of Cast Iron Truck and Tender Wheels Ap-
plied to and Removed from Locomotives.

The purpose of this report is to enable the Super-
intendent of Motive Power and Machinery to preserve
a record of all cast iron truck and tender wheels ap-
plied to (put under) and removed from locomotives.
This information is necessary to enable him to ascer-
tain what wheels (if any) have failed to come up to
maker's guarantee.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES.

137

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138 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. FORM 47.

Monthly Record of Superintendent of Motive
Power and Machinery of Each Defective
Cast Iron Engine and Tender Wheel Re-
moved.

The purpose of this report is to obtain the total
mileage of wheels removed account being defective;
and to ascertain what wheels, if any, have failed to
make their guaranteed mileage.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES. 139

M. P. Form 47

MONTHLY RECORD OF SUPERINTENDENT OF MOTIVE

POWER AND MACHINERY OF PARTICULARS OF

EACH DEFECTIVE CAST IRON ENGINE AND

TENDER WHEEL REMOVED.

During the month of 19....

Si*e and kind of wheels Manufactured by

Note. — This record is compiled in the office of the Superintendent of
Motive Power and Machinery on the twenty-fifth day of each month.

It is made from Form 46, and shows all cast iron engine and tender wheels
removed account being defective. A separate record is made for each size
and kind of wheel manufactured by the same company. The total mileage
made by each wheel is shown in the column provided.

Where

© 2

Si

Serial
Letter
arid No.
of Wheel

Date

©

bo
5

i

S3

GO

Cause of

Removed

Applied

Remoyed

Removal

140 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M, P. FORM 48.

Monthly Summary of the Superintendent of Mo-
tive Power and Machinery of the Gross
Number of Defective Cast Iron Locomotive
Wheels Removed, Made by Different Manu-
. facturers.

This is a record preserved in the office of the Super-
intendent of Motive Power and Machinery, of the
number of wheels removed each month because of
the various defects specified; also the average mileage
made by such wheels, removed for cause.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES.

141

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142 THE SCIENCE OF RAILVSAYS.

M. P. FORM 49.

Monthly Report of the Superintendent of Mo-
tive Power and Machinery to the Purchas-
ing Agent of Defective Cast Iron Wheels
Removed from Locomotives and by Whom
Made.

Through this report the Purchasing Agent is ad-
vised as to the number of guaranteed wheels that
have failed each month. The information is also valu-
able to him as indicating what make of wheels are giv-
ing the best service.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES. 143

M. P. Form 49

MONTHLY REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF
MOTIVE POWER AND MACHINERY TO THE PUR-
CHASING AGENT OF DEFECTIVE CAST IRON
WHEELS REMOVED FROM LOCO-
MOTIVES AND BY WHOM MADE.

During the month of 19....

Note. — This report is made by the Superintendent of Motive Power and
Machinery to the Purchasing Agent.

It shows separately the total number of defective cast iron wheels manufac-
tured by each firm, that have been removed from locomotives during the
month* their average mileage; also number of wheels of each size failing
to made good their guarantee.

Wheels Removed

Wheels Failing Under Guarantee

MAKER'S NAME

h

O

a

u
,5

a

9

33

t3

OS

i

144 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. FORM 50.

Monthly Report of the Superintendent of Mo-
tive Power and Machinery of Wheels that
Have Failed to Meet Guarantees of Makers.

This statement is used by the Superintendent of
Motive Power and Machinery in reporting to the gen-
eral storekeeper, each month, the number of cast iron
locomotive wheels that have failed to make their guar-
antee, and which have also been accepted by the
wheel company's inspector, to be returned for credit.

Claims for credit for all failed wheels should be made
as follows: Bills will be rendered against the manu-
facturers of the wheels for the difference between the
guarantee and the actual service. From the cost of
the new wheel is deducted the value of same as scrap,
which is computed on the basis of the value per gross ton.

The net value is divided by the guaranteed mileage,
to obtain the cost per thousand miles, and the defi-
ciency multiplied by the cost per thousand miles rep-
resents the amount due the railway company for ser-
vice not received. To this amount is added the
amount of 75c, covering the cost of labor for removing
and replacing each wheel failing to make its guarantee.

The following example illustrates the method of
computation. A wheel is guaranteed to run 70,000
miles, but it runs only 40,000 miles when it is neces-
sary to remove it on account of some defect, leaving
a deficiency of 30,000 miles.

Value of new wheel $8.00

Value of wheel as scrap. . 4 . 50

Net value $3.50

$3.50 divided by 70,000 miles equals 5c per thous-
and miles. The deficiency of 30,000 miles multiplied
by 5c per thousand miles equals $1.50, the amount
allowed account of deficiency. Add for the labor of
changing wheels 75c, making a total of $2.25, which
should be the amount of the bill against the maker.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES.

145

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MAC
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ER AND
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r wheels faili
be included

POW
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port is made b
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st of the

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146 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. FORM 51.

Record of the Superintendent of Motive Power
and Machinery of Engine Truck and Tender
Wheels Applied to and Removed from Each
Locomotive.

This is the form of a record book kept in the office
of the Superintendent of Motive Power and Machinery.
Its purpose is to preserve a history of all cast iron
wheels applied to and removed from locomotives.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES. 147

M. P. Form 51.

RECORD OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF MOTIVE POWER

AND MACHINERY OF ENGINE TRUCK AND TENDER

WHEELS APPLIED TO AND REMOVED FROM

EACH LOCOMOTIVE.

o

be

a
w

Serial Let-
ter and No.
of Wheel

QC

Engine

Trnck or

Tender

Wheels

Maker's
Name

Applied

Place

Date

Removed

Place

Bate

Cause of
Removal

148 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. FORM 52.

Shop Foreman's Monthly Report to the Master
Mechanic of Particulars of Steel Tired En-
gine Truck and Tender Wheels Applied to
or Removed from Locomotives.

■

The purpose of this report is to enable the Superin-
tendent of Motive Power and Machinery to preserve a
record regarding the length of service of all steel tired
engine truck and tender wheels, also the mileage made
between the turnings of tires. This information is
necessary to enable him to ascertain what makes of
tires are giving the best service.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES.

149

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150 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. FORM 53.

Index to Record of Steel-Tired Engine Truck

Wheels.

This record book is kept in the office of the Super-
intendent of Motive Power and Machinery, each page
number representing an engine number. The left
hand side of each page is used for the index of the
steel-tired engine truck wheels and the right hand side
for cast iron wheels.

The object of this index is that the Superintendent
of Motive Power and Machinery may know that the
wheels are reported by the Master Mechanics as being
under the proper engines, and to obtain information
regarding the numbers of wheels or tires, and the
dates they are applied to or removed from certain en-
gines.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES. 151

M. P. Form 53
INDEX TO RECORD OF STEEL-TIRED ENGINE TRUCK

WHEELS.

Locomotive No.

Note. — The information called for on this form should be entered monthly
from the Master Mechanics' wheel reports. When wheels or tires are applied,
the number of same and date applied should be entered in the spaces provided,
when removed the numbers should be cancelled and the date removed, entered
in the proper columns.

Record of Steel Tires

No. of

Tire

MAKE

Date
Applied

Date
Remov'd

Record of Cast Wheel Centers

No. of
Wheel

MAKE

Date
Applied

Date
Remov'd

152 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. FORM 54.

Record of Superintendent of Motive Power and
Machinery of Steel Tires on Engine Truck
Wheels.

This record book is kept in the office of the Super-
intendent of Motive Power and Machinery.

The information called for hereon should be entered
each month from Form 52, the numbers of tires being
entered in numerical Order. When wheels are applied,
the numbers as shown on the tire, and place, and date
applied are entered in the spaces provided. The place
and date of removal should also be shown and the mile-
age computed between the date applied and date re-
moved.

Its purpose is to obtain a record of all steel-tired
truck wheels applied to locomotives and the mileage
made by them under each engine.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES.

153

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154 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. FORM 55.

Monthly Report to the Superintendent of Mo-
tive Power and Machinery of Engine Driv-
ing Wheel Tires Applied and Removed.

The purpose of this report is to enable the Super-
intendent of Motive Power and Machinery to obtain
a record of the life of engine driving wheel tires, and
the mileage made by each between turnings, with a
view of ascertaining which make of tires are giving the
best service.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES.

155

M. F. Form 55
OF

MONTHLY REPORT TO THE SUPERINTENDENT
MOTIVE POWER AND MACHINERY OF ENGINE
DRIVING WHEEL TIRES APPLIED
AND REMOVED.

At.

..Shop. During the month of 19..

Note. — This report should be made monthly by the foreman at each shop
where engine driving wheel tires are exchanged. It should be sent to the Super-
intendent of Motive Power and Machinery on or before the twelfth day of
the following month. Special care should be taken to show the thickness
of all tires when applied, removed or turned.

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Oause of
Removal

156 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. FORM 56.

Index to Driving Wheel Tire Record.

This record book is kept in the office of the Super-
intendent of Motive Power and Machinery, each page
representing an engine number.

The object of this index is to obtain a record of the
driving wheel tires under each engine and the dates
they are applied to or removed from the engines.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES. 157

M. P. Form 56

INDEX TO DRIVING WHEEL TIRE RECORD.

Locomotive No.

Note. — The information called for hereon should be entered each month
from Form 55. When tires are applied the numbers of same, and date ap-
plied should be entered in the spaces provided; when removed, the numbers
should be cancelled and the date removed entered in the proper columns.

No. of
Tire

MAKE

Date
Applied

Date
Remov'd

No. of
Tire

MAKE

Date
Applied

Date
Remov'd

158 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. FORM 57,

Record of Superintendent of Motive Power and
Machinery of Driving Wheel Tires.

This record book is kept in the office of the Super-
intendent of Motive Power and Machinery.

The information called for hereon is entered each
month from Form 55, the numbers of the tires being
entered in numerical order. When a new tire is ap-
plied the thickness of same is entered in the column
provided for that purpose and every time a tire is
turned the thickness after turning is entered in the
proper column. When the tire is reduced to 1 J inches
in thickness it is scrapped. The mileage made by the
tires between turnings should be shown hereon, and
computed between the date applied and date removed.

Its purpose is to obtain a record of all tires applied
to or removed from locomotives, and the mileage made
by the tires between turnings,

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES.

159

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160 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. FORM 58.

Daily Report of Distribution of Shop Labor of

Each Man.

-

The purpose of this report is to obtain the distribu-
tion to the different accounts of the time of each hourly
employe in the Motive Power Department.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES. 161

M. P. Form 58.

DAILY REPORT OP DISTRIBUTION OF SHOP
LABOR OF EACH MAN

Date 19.

Name

Check No

Note. — This form is to be filled out by the employe each day, giving a
detailed account of the work performed by him.

It should then be approved by the foreman and forwarded by him to the
timekeeper for entry in the general time book.

Hours
Worked

Engine or Other
Account Worked On

REMARKS

EXAMINED

FOREMAN

162 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. FORM 59.

Master Mechanic's Monthly Statement to Super-
intendent of Motive Power and Machinery
of Comparative Cost of Labor.

This report is made by the Master Mechanic and
forwarded to the Superintendent of Motive Power
and Machinery on the tenth day of the month suc-
ceeding that for which it is made. The amounts of
the pay rolls for each sub-shop should be shown hereon
for the current monfh, also for the previous month of
the same year and the corresponding month of the
previous year, and the amount of increase or de-
crease shown in the columns provided for that pur-
pose.

The Superintendent of Motive Power and Machinery
will use this form in making a summary of the
several Master Mechanics' reports (showing the total
amount of the pay rolls at each point) and forward a
copy of same to the proper officials of the operating
department.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES.

163

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164 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. FORM 60.

Shop Foreman's Monthly Report to Master Me-
chanic of Number of Men of Each Class of
Labor Employed During the Month and
Wages Paid.

This report is to be made monthly, by all foremen
in charge of shops and forwarded to the Master Me-
chanic on the sixth day of the month. It should show
the classification of the employes according to their
occupation, the rates per hour or per month, the total
amount paid all employes, and the average amount
paid per day to each class of employes.

The object of this report is to inform the Master
Mechanic of the number of men employed, and the
amount of the pay roll at each point.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES. 165

M. P. Form 60

SHOP FOREMAN'S MONTHLY REPORT TO MASTER

MECHANIC OF NUMBER OF MEN OF EACH CLASS

OF LABOR EMPLOYED DURING THE

MONTH AND WAGES PAID.

Force Employed in the Locomotive Department at

On the last day of.

.19.

OCCUPATION.

Master Mechanics,

General Foremen,

Foremen,

Draughtsmen,

Clerks,

Operators,

Machinists,

Machinists' Helpers,

Machinists' Apprentices,

Boiler Makers,

Boiler Makers' Apprentices,

Boiler Makers' Helpers,

Blacksmiths,

Blacksmiths' Helpers,

Blacksmiths' Apprentices,

Painters,

Copper and Tinsmiths,

Copper and Tinsmiths' Appren

Carpenters,

Truck Repairers,

Boiler Washers,

Stationary Engineers,

Stationary Firemen,

Firing-up Locomotives,

Wipers,

Wipers at Outside Points,

Turn-Table and Pitmen,

Sandmen,

Laborers and Sweepers,

Callers,

Switch-Tenders,

Oilmen,

Engine Inspectors,

Watchmen,

Dispatchers' Helpers,

Pumpers,

Telephone Boys,

Coal-Heavers,

Teamsters,

Coal-Hoist ers,

Rail Mill Carriage Men,

Rail Mill Straighteners,

Sawyers,

Totals,

Rates
Per Hour

Rates
Per Month

o

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1? J J?*8 ^

166 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. FORM 61.

Master Mechanic's Monthly Report to Superin-
tendent of Motive Power and Machinery of
the Total Number of Men of Each Class of
Labor Employed on His Division During the
Month and Wages Paid.

This report is to be made by all Master Mechanics
and forwarded to the Superintendent of Motive Power
and Machinery on the eighth day of the month. It is
a summary of Form 60 for the several shops, and
should show the classification of the Motive Power De-
partment employes at each point on the division ac-
cording to their occupation, the rates per hour or per
month, the total amount paid all employes at each
point per day and the average amount paid per day
to each class of employes.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES. 167

M.P. F<jn»6i

MASTER MECHANIC'S MONTHLY REPORT TO SUPERINTENDENT OF MOTIVE POWER AND

MACHINERY OF THE TOTAL NUMBER OF MEN OF EACH CLASS OF LABOR

EMPLOYED ON HIS DIVISION DURING THE MONTH AND WAGES PAID.

KOKCE EMPLOYED IN THE LOCOMOTIVE DEPARTMENT FOB TUE MONTH ENDING _

!»..-

LOCATION.

OOCDPATION

Rate* Per Hour

Bate* Per Month

No.

of Men

TsUl
afJMBt
Fart.*

transj*

_ Shop

Hours Worked
Per Day „

Mast. Mech. and Gen. Forem'r

Foremen

Clerks and Operators

Machinists

Machinists' Helpers

Machinists' Apprentices

Boiler Makers

Boiler Makers' Helpers

Boiler Makers' Apprentice*

Blacksmiths

Blacksmiths' Helpers

Blacksmiths' Apprentice*

Steam Fitters and Helper*

Carpenters

Painters and Helpers

Coppersmiths and Tinners

Engine Inspectors

Stationary Engineers

Callers

Boiler Washers

Finns up Locomotives

Watcnmen

Laborers and Sweepers

Wipers

Pitmen & F. Box Cleaner*

Oil and Sandmen

Teamsters

Telephone Boys

Bolt Cutters

Truck Repairers

Drillers an*1 Wheelmen

Tool Boys

Flue Cleaners

TOTAL.

*

*>

Shop

Hoars Worked
Per Day

Foremen ..

Clerks and Operators
Machinists
Machinists' Helpers
Machinists' Apprentice*
Boiler Makers
Boiler Makers' Helpers _
Boiler Makers' Apprentices'
Blacksmiths
Blacksmiths' Helper*
Blacksmiths' ApDrentiee*
Painters and Helpers
Tinners and Helpers
Carpenters
Truck Repairers
Boiler Washers
Stationary Engineers
Stationary Firemen
Firing up Locomotives
Wipers

Turn Table and Pitmen
Sandmen

Laborers and Sweeper*
Callers
Oilmen

Engine Inspector*
Flue Cleaners
Firebox Cleaner*
Bolt Cutters

Steam Fitters and Helpers
Tool Room Men
Drillers
Watchmen
Tool Boys
Total

-

1

Foremen
Boiler Washers
Wipers and Laborers
Callers and Telephone Boy*
Machinists
Machinists' Helpers
Bniler Makers
Boiler Makers' Helper*
Blacksmiths
Blacksmiths' Helpers
Turn Table and Pitmen
Stationary Engineer*
Flue Cleaners
Firing up Men
Oil and Sandmen
Total

Hour. Worked

Days per Week

foremen
Machinists
Machinists' Helpers
Turn Table and Pitmen
Callers

Wipers and Laborer*
Boiler Washers
Total

Hours Worked

Foremen

Inspectors

BoOer Makers

Boiler Makers' Helper*

Machinists
Machinists' Helpers
Wipers and Laborer*
BoUer Washers
Turn Table and Pitmen
Caller*

Oil and Sandmen
Total

Hours Worked
Per Day

Foremen
Inspectors
Boiler Makers
Boiler Makers' Helpers
Machinists
Machinists' Helper*
Firing up Men"
Wipers and Laborer*
Boiler Washer*
Turn Table and Pitmen
Caller*

Oil and Sandmen
Total

Hours Worked

OUTSIDE POINT8

Wiper*

Laborer*

Stationary Engineer*

Total

Total for Division

168 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. FORM 62.

Summary Made by Superintendent of Motive
Power and Machinery for the General Man-
ager of the Total Number of Men of Each
Class of Labor and Wages Paid on Whole
Road.

This report is to be made in the office of the Super-
intendent of Motive Power and Machinery on the
tenth day of the month, showing the classification of
all employes working in the Motive Power Depart-
ment at the principal shop, and at the bottom of this
report should be shown a summary of Form 61, and
should be forwarded with them to the General Man-
ager.

The object of this report is to obtain the number
of employes, their average rate per day, according to
their classification, and the amount of the pay rolls of
each division.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES.

169

fJL t. Form 63
6TJMMABY MADE BY SUPERINTENDENT OF MOTIVE POWER AND MACHINERY FOB THE OHIBH MAN-
AOEB OF THE TOTAL NUMBER OF MEN OF EACH CLASS OF LABOB AND WAGES PAID ON WHOLE ROAD
«wT»n or roan ninom ir veco»tnn M»«mnrt *• roactnt taor or ra ur o«» or— — _1»...

I OAT

department

8upt M. F. ud M. in! Aa*.
tabkWiaitMilhM
Clerk.

OpTatre*

OCCUPATION

BATES PKB BOBE

tATB PH M05TH

Amount
Pt* Da*

Helper and Handy Mo*

Machinist.
Helpers and Handy
Apprentices'

Helper, and HanUy Mm

Helper*

DnHerj

BoDermak***
Helper, and He
Apprentice*
FrueSstten
Flue Welder*
Rivet Healer*

Helper* ud

Watchmen
Boilenna

PAINT SHOP

CARPENTER SHOP

Cor* Maker*

POWER HOCSE

Total Ptioripal Shop
Total Balance ut Syn«n

Grand Totaj

170 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. FORMS 63-78.

Inspector's Reports (as Per Diagrams) of Loco-
motive Breakages of Different Parts as
Specified Below, Viz.: 63 to 78.

Blanks 63 to 78, both inclusive, are to be used in
reporting all breakages of the different locomotive
parts named therein. Whenever a breakage occurs a
report should be made on the proper blank by the
inspector or round house foreman and forwarded at
once to the Master Mechanic, who, after signing the
report, and making #any notations thereon which he
may wish, will forward it to the Superintendent of
Motive Power and Machinery, to be examined with
a view of ascertaining what parts were broken through
operation, or through carelessness, for which the Mo-
tive Power Department is responsible.

After the Superintendent of Motive Power and
Machinery has completed his examination of these re-
ports, he will forward them to the Mechanical En-
gineer, who will inspect them and ascertain whether
the breakages were caused by parts being defective
or through natural wear, and take any action which
may be necessary to eliminate, as far as possible, any
further breakages of such parts from the same causes.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES. 171

M. P. Form 63

REPORT OF BREAKAGES OF LOCOMOTIVE PARTS

PILOT COUPLER

Engine No ) Date found on inspection...

Class \ Date of failure 19.

Reported at

19

Note. — The location of all fractures should be indicated with red ink
lines and the dimensions given to some fixed point.

The questions relating to the fractures at the bottom of this form should be
answered as explicitly as possible and the report sent to the master mechanic
for his signature, and he will forward it immediately to the Superintendent
of Motive Power and Machinery.

Kind of metal.

Was there flaw at point of fracture?
Was there an old crack?
Probable cause of failure.

REMARKS

Master Mechanic

172 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. Form 64
REPORT OF BREAKAGES OF LOCOMOTIVE PARTS.

PLATE COUPLER

Engine No.— j Date found on inspection 19L~.

Class — ) Date of failure.- .19- Reported at..

The location of all fractures should be indicated with red ink lines, and
the dimensions given to some fixed point.

The questions relating to the fractures at the bottom of this form should
be answered as explicitly as possible *and the report sent to the master mechanic
for his signature, and he will forward it immediately to the Superintendent of
Motive Power and Machinery.

Kind of metal.

REMARKS:

Was there flaw at point of fracture?

Was there an old crack?

Probable cause of failure.

Master Mechanic

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES. 173

M. P. Form S5

REPORT OF BREAKAGES OF LOCOMOTIVE PARTS

M. C. B. COUPLER

Engine No ) Date found on inspection

19

or

Class ) Date of failure

19—. Reported at.

Note. — The location of all fractures should be indicated with red ink
lines, and the dimensions given to some fixed point.

The questions relating to the fractures at the bottom of this form should
be answered as explicitly as possible, and the report sent to the master me-
chanic for his signature, and he will forward it immediately to the Super-
intendent of Motive Power and Machinery.

Kind of metal.

REMARKS:

Was there flaw at point of fracture?

Was there an old crack?

Probable cause of failure.

.__ Master Mechanic

174 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. Form 66
REPORT OF BREAKAGES OF LOCOMOTIVE PARTS.

AXLE.

Engine No ) Date found on inspection 19—,

f or
Class ) Date of failure .—.19-— Reported at

Note. — The location of all fractures should be indicated with red ink
lines, and the dimensions given to some fixed point.

The questions relating to the fractures at the bottom of this form should
be answered as # explicitly as possible, and the report sent to the master me-
chanic for his signature, and he will forward it immediately to the Superin-
tendent of Motive Power and Machinery.

Was it driving or truck axle?—- —

Dimension and, if possible, sketch of section at point of fracture.

Kind of Metal : —

Was it front, middle or back axle? - :

Was the metal homogeneous?— -

Date put in service.

Was there flaw at point of fracture?- — —

Probable cause of failure.. ~

Master Mechanic.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES.

175

M. P. Form 67
REPORT OF BREAKAGES OF LOCOMOTIVE PARTS.
DRIVING BOX AND BRASS.
Engine No. - ) Date found on inspection 19—

Class

for
Date of failure 19—. Reported at.

ink

Note. — The location of all fractures should be indicated with red
lines and the dimensions given to some fixed point.

The questions relating to the fractures at the bottom of this form should
be answered as explicitly as possible and the report sent to the master me-
chanic for his signature, and he will forward it immediately to the Superin-
tendent of Motive Power and Machinery-

\z

ft

JUL.

V'

hi;
\)

INSIDE FACE.

Zi

BOX

Pattern No...

Dimension and, if possible,
sketch of section at point of
fracture :

Was it front, back or middle ?

Kind of metal—

Was there flaw at point of

fracture ?

Probable cause of failure?

,t-rIJ&L"-

i . . ! • i

Y

HP

BRASS

Pattern No.—.

Dimension and, if possible,
sketch of section at point of
fracture:

Was it front, back or middle?

Kind of metal

Was there flaw at point of
fracture?

Probable cause of failure?—
Master Mechanic.

176 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M . P . Form 68
REPOKT OF BREAKAGES OF LOCOMOTIVE PARTS.

CYLINDER HEADS.

Engine No ) Date found on inspection,- 19 ....

> or
Class ) Date of failure 19 ... . Reported at

Note. — The location of all fractures should be indicated with red ink
lines and the dimensions given to some fixed point.

The questions relating to the fractures at the bottom of this form should
be answered as explicitly as possible, and the report sent to the master mechanic
for his signature, and he will forward it immediately to the Superintendent
of Motive Power and Machinery.

FRONT HEAD.

Pattern No.

Dimensions and, if possible,
sketch of section at point of
fracture.

Kind of metal

Was there flaw at point of
fracture? _

Probable cause of failure

Pattern No.

Dimensions and, if possible,
sketch of section at point of
fracture.

Kind of metal — -

Was there flaw at point of
fracture? — -

Probable cause of failure.

Master Mechanic.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES.

177

REPORT OF

M. P. Form 69
BREAKAGES OF LOCOMOTIVE PARTS.

SPRING HANGERS.

19

EQUALIZER. EQUALIZER STAND.

Engine No j Date found on inspection-

>• or
Class \ Date of failure 19 Reported at "... '...-.-:

Note. — The location of all fractures should be indicated with red ink
lines and the dimensions given to some fixed point.

The questions relating to the fractures at the bottom of this form should
be answered as explicitly as possible, and the report sent to the master me-
chanic for his signature, and he will forward it immediately to the Superin-
tendent of Motive Power and Machinery.

r^\

o

D

r\

0

A

(&

0

D

0

iCb

EQUALIZER.

Dimension and, if pos-
sible, sketch of sec-
tion at point of
fracture.

Kind of metal.

Was there flaw at point
of fracture?

Probable cause of
failure.

EQUALIZER STAND.

Dimension and, if pos-
sible, sketch of sec-
tion at point of
fracture.

Kind of metal.

Was there flaw at point
of fracture?

Probable cause of
of failure.

SPRING HANGERS.

Dimension and, if pos-
sible, sketch of sec-
tion at point of
fracture.

Kind of metal.

Was there flaw at point
of fracture?

Probable cause of

. failure?

Master Mechanic.

178 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. Form 70.
REPORT OF BREAKAGES OF LOCOMOTIVE PARTS.
ECCENTRIC, ECCENTRIC STRAP, ECCENTRIC ROD.

Engine No.
Class

Date found on application 19.

or
Date of failure 19 Reported at

Note. — The location of all fractures should be indicated with red ink lines
and the dimensions given to some fixed point.

The questions relating to the fractures at the bottom of this form should be
answered as explicitly as possible and the report sent to the master mechanic
for his signature, and he will forward it immediately to the Superintendent of
Motive Power and Machinery.

ECCENTRIC

Pattern No

Forward Back

Dimensions, and if pos-
sible, sketch of sec-
tion at point of frac-
ture.

Kind of metal

Was there flaw at point
of fracture?

Probable cause of fail-
ure.

ECCENTRIC STRAP

Pattern No

Forward Back

Dimensions, and if pos-
sible, sketch of section
at point of fracture

Kind of metal

Was there flaw at point of

fracture?

Probable cause of failure.

ECCENTRIC ROD

Dimensions, and if pos-
sible, sketch of sec-
tion at point of frac-
ture.

Kind of metal

Was there flaw at point
of fracture?

Probable cause of fail-
ure.

MASTER MECHANIC.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES.

179

M. P. Form 71
REPORT OF BREAKAGES OF LOCOMOTIVE PARTS.

SIDE ROD, MAIN ROD AND ROD STRAP.

Engine No 1 Date found on inspection

f or
Class J Date of failure 19.... Reported at.

.19....

Note.— -The location of all fractures should be indicated with red ink lines
and the dimensions given to some fixed point.

The questions relating to the fractures at the bottom of this form should be
answered as explicitly as possible, and the report sent to the master mechanic
for his signature, and he will forward it immediately to the Superintendent of
Motive Power and Machinery.

r-jti.n.1. -.,

■1 i til M-*

na

SIDE ROD.

mtz-

=3-

Front end,

Back end,

Dimensions and if pos-
sible sketch of sec-
tion at point of
fracture

Kind of metal.

Was there flaw at point
of fracture?

Probable cause of
failure

MAIN ROD.

Dimension, and if pos-
sible, sketch of sec-
tion at point of
fracture,

Kind of metal.

Was there flaw at point
of fracture?

Probable cause of
failure

ROD STRAP.

Front strap,

Back strap,

Dimension, and if pos-
sible, sketch of sec-
tion at point of
fracture

Kind of metal.

Was there flaw at point
of fracture X

Probable

failure. ..

cause of

Master Mechanic.

180 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M . P . Form 72
REPORT OF BREAKAGES OF LOCOMOTIVE PARTS.

PISTON AND PISTON RODS.

Engine No ... ) Date found on inspection 19_„.

\ or
Class — — ) Date of failure ....19 Reported at..

Note. — The location of all fractures should be indicated with red ink lines
and the dimensions given to some fixed point.

The questions relating to the fractures at the bottom of this form should be
answered as explicitly as possible, and the report sent to the master mechanic
for his signature, and he will forward it immediately to the Superintendent of
Motive Power and Machinery.

IU

PISTON.

P»ttemNo.{B$-ring

Dimensions and, if
possible, sketch at
point of fracture.

Kind of metal

Kind of packing

Front packing-ring ....

Back packing-ring....

Was there blow-hole
or flaw at point o f
fracture ?

P r o b able cause of
failure

PISTON FOLLOWER.

Pattern No

Dimensions and, if possi-
ble, sketch at point of
fracture.

Kind of metal

Was there blow-hole or
flaw at point of frac-
ture ?

Probable cause of failure.

PISTON ROD

Enlarged ends

Dimensions and, if pos-
sible, sketch at point
of fracture.

Kind of metal

Was there flaw at point
of fracture ?

Did it show any old
crack?

Shop letter and date
put in

Probable cause of
failure

Master Mechanic.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES. 181

M.P. Form 73
REPORT OF BREAKAGES OF LOCOMOTIVE PARTS.

VALVES, VALVE YOKES AND ROCKER SHAFT.

Engine Number Date of failure

Reported at 19—.

Note. — The location of all fractures should be indicated with red ink lines
and the dimensions given to some fixed point.

The questions relating to the fractures at the bottom of this form should be
answered as explicitly as possible, and the report sent to the master mechanic
for his signature, and he will forward it immediately to the Superintendent of
Motive Power and Machinery.

VALVE.

Pattern No

Kind of metal

Dimensions and, if
possible, sketch of
section at point of
fracture.

Kind of valve

Kind of balancing

Was there flaw at point
of fracture?

Probable cause of fail-
ure

VALVE YOKE.

Kind of metal....

Dimensions and, if
possible, sketch of
section at point of
fracture.

Was there flaw at
point of fracture?

Probable cause of
failure

ra

oJ

ROCK SHAFT.

Pattern No

Kind of metal

Dimensions and, if
possible, sketch of
section at point of
fracture.

Was there flaw at
point of fracture?

Probable cause of fail-
ure?

Master Mechanic.

182

THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P.Foim74
REPORT OF BREAKAGES OF LOCOMOTIVE PARTS

CROSSHEADS.

FOUR-BAR CROSSHEAD. LAIRD CROSSHEAD. TWO-BAR CROSSHEAD.

Engine Number Date of failure

Reported at 19....

Note. — The location of all fractures should be indicated with red ink lines
and the dimensions given to some fixed point.

The questions relating to the fractures at the bottom of this form should be
answered as explicitly as possible, and the report sent to the master mechanic
for his signature, and he will forward it immediately to the Superintendent of
Motive Power and Machinery.

>vj-.j-:.iv.g>v ,-.v- & ^

FOUR-BAR CROSSHEAD.

Pattern No

Kind of metal

Dimensions and, if
possible, sketch of
section at point of
fracture

Was there flaw at point
of fracture ?

Probable cause of fail-
ure

LAIRD CROSSHEAD.

Pattern No

Kind of metal

Dimensions and, if
possible, sketch of
section at point of
fracture.

Was there flaw at point
of fracture ?

Probable cause of
failure .

TWO-BAR CROSSHEAD.

Pattern No

Kind of Metal

Dimensions and, if
possible, sketch of
section at point of
fracture.

Was there flaw at point
of fracture?

Probable
failure. ...

cause of

Master Mechanic.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES. 183

M. P. Form 75

REPORT OF BREAKAGES OF LOCOMOTIVE PARTS.

CRANK PINS.

Engine No ) Date found on inspection. .....19—.

Class.

(or
Date of failure 19.— Reported at

Note, — The location of all fractures should be indicated with red ink lines
and the dimensions given to some fixed point.

The questions relating to the fractures at the bottom of this form should be
answered as explicitly as possible, and the report sent to the master mechanic
for his signature, and he will forward it immediately to the Superintendent of
Motive Power and Machinery.

W V

m y

T?r

-. r 'H™!

< — »

.:. t: ':

sT

MAIN PIN.

Dimensions and, if
possible, sketch at
point of fracture.

Kind of metal

BACK PIN.

Was there flaw at point
o f fracture ?

Was there an old
crack?

Did fracture show
crystalization ?

About how long in
service ?

Probable cause of
failure ,

Dimensions and, if possi-
ble, sketch at point of
fracture.

Kind of metal

Was there flaw at point of
fracture ?

Was there an old crack?

Did fracture show crystal-
ization?

About how long in service?
Probable cause of failure.

FRONT PIN.

Dimensions and, if pos
sible, sketch at point
of fracture.

Kind of metal

Was there flaw at point
of fracture?

Was there an old
crack?

Did fracture show
crystalization ?

About how long in ser-
vice ?

Probable cause of
failure

Master Mechanic.

184 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M . P. Form 76

REPORT OF BREAKAGES OF LOCOMOTIVES PARTS

STAY-BOLTS.

Engine No at Date 19....

Inspected by.

Note. — This report should show the condition of the fire-box sheets of
each engine receiving boiler repairs and should be forwarded to the master
mechanic for his signature, and he will forward it immediately to the Superin-
tendent of Motive Power and Machinery.

All broken stay-bolts, cracks, patches or defects must be shown hereon
as found at each inspection, and whenever repairs are made to fire-box sheets.

Each broken stay-bolt should be indicated by a circle drawn around it with
red ink; those otherwise defective, by a red ink cross.

New patches should be shown on the diagrams given below by red ink
lines; old patches, and size of sheets by black ink lines.

The laboratory number of all new sheets must be shown in the space
provided.

Name of
Sheet

Number
Broken

Diameter of Bolts

Lab' rat' ry
Number
of New
Sheets

Removed

Applied

-

REMARKS

fOQNt.

RIGHT SIOE SHEET.

B-ACK.

LETT SIDE SHEET.

FRONT.

BACK SHEET. •*%* BACK FLUE SHEET.

RIGHT. LCfT. RiGhI. LC'T.

CROWN S^EET.

Master Mechanic

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES. 185

M. P. Form 77
REPORT OF BREAKAGES OF LOCOMOTIVE PARTS

MISCELLANEOUS

Engine No. ( Date found on inspection 19....

< or
Class / Date of failure 19....Reported at

Hauling Section Train No.

REMARKS :

Master Mechanic.

Note. — This report should be used in reporting all breakages of locomotive
parts for which special forms are not provided.

A sketch should be made of the part broken and all fractures indicated
thereon with red ink lines, and the dimensions given to some fixed point.

The report should be sent to the master mechanic for his signature, and
he will forward it immediately to the Superintendent of Motive Power and
Machinery.

186 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. F, Form 78
REPORT OF CONDITION OF LOCOMOTIVE BOILER
ENG.NO

Inspected At Date 19..,.

Test Pressure Lbs.

Laboratory Nos.

of New
Plates

REMARKS.

Note.— -This report should show the condition of the boiler of each engine
receiving boiler repairs, and should be forwarded to the master mechanic for
his signature, and he will forward it immediately to the Superintendent of Motive
Power and Machinery.

The size of all new patches should be indicated on the diagrams given
below, by red ink lines, and old patches by black ink lines.

The laboratory number of all new sheets must be shown in the space pro-
vided.

The condition of the firerbox sheets should be shown on Form 76.

ft&j-

(NSPCCTCO BV

<Fca. £

- — ^=^ — r>|

MASTER MECHANIC.

188 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. FORM 79.

Inspector's Record of Inspection of Stationary
and Locomotive Fire-Box Stay-Bolts.

This record book is kept by the inspector at each
round house and shows the inspection of all fire-box
stay-bolts made by him each month.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES.

189

M. P. Form 79
INSPECTOR'S RECORD OF INSPECTION OF STATIONARY
AND LOCOMOTIVE FIRE-BOX STAY-BOLTS
AT -SHcfr

Note. — Stay-bolts in locomotive engines must be inspected monthly, and
in stationary engines quarterly, and all bolts found defective replaced before
engine is allowed to go into service.

The information called for below should be filled in by the person making
the inspection and replacing the bolts, at the time of inspection or replace-
ment, and signed by such person in the space provided.

■21

DATE OP
INSPECTION

8«

O Q

NUMBER OF
DEFECTIVE
STAY-BOLTS

CQoq

3S

+3 <D
t-4 CC

INSPECTOR'S SIGNATURE

ALL BROKEN STAY-BOLTS
WERE REPLACED

DATE

c3

Q

By

Whom

190 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. FORM 80.

Inspector's Monthly Report of Inspection of
Stationary and Locomotive Fire-Box Stay-
Bolts.

The purpose of this report is that the Master Me-
chanic and Superintendent of Motive Power and
Machinery may be advised that the stay-bolts in
boilers are inspected monthly, according to the re-
quirements of the Motive Power Department.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES.

191

M. P. Form 80

INSPECTOR'S MONTHLY REPORT OF INSPECTION OF

STATIONARY AND LOCOMOTIVE FIRE-BOX

STAY-BOLTS.

At .Shop

.Division.

During the month or 19....

Note. — A report of this form must be made in duplicate by each inspector
on the first day of the month for the inspection of all locomotive boilers, and
quarterly for all stationary boilers, under his supervision.

Both reports, after having been signed in the space provided, by the person
making the inspection and replacing the bolts, should be forwarded to the
division master mechanic, who, after making an examination of the reports,
will retain one copy for his office record, and forward the other to the office of
the Superintendent of Motive Power and Machinery. The information shown
hereon should be an exact copy of Form 79.

All stationary boilers should be shown on a separate report and the
numbers of same prefixed by the letter "S." The point where they are located
should be shown above the line in which the number of the engine is entered.

BITS OF
INSPECTION

NUMBER OF
DEFECTIVE
STAY-BOLTS

CQco

.a «
Mao

+3 «

3S

INSPECTOR'S SIGNATURE

ALL BROIEN STAY-
BOLTS REPLACED

Date

By

Whom

192 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. FORM 81.

Inspector's Report of Periodical Inspection of
Stationary Boilers.

The purpose of this report is that the Superintendent
of Motive Power and Machinery may be advised that
all stationary boilers are inspected annually and that
he may ascertain the condition they are in.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES. 193

M. P. Form 81

INSPECTOR'S REPORT OF PERIODICAL INSPEC-
TION OF STATIONARY BOILERS.

At.

Shops —Division.

Date

.19.

Note.-— The annual inspection of stationary boilers should be made during
the months of May and June. Two reports of this character must be filled out
and signed by the person making the inspection at the time and place such
inspection is made. One of the reports will be filed in the office of the master
mechanic, and the other sent to the Superintendent of Motive Power and Mach-
inery.

The inspection will include the application of hydrostatic pressure 25%
above the working pressure carried. The water should be hot when pressure
is applied. This should be followed by a close inspection of all plates, seams,
braces, fittings, setting, etc., and any defects discovered must be remedied
before the boiler is again put into service.

Boiler
No.

Location

go e>

«-" h
^ «$
beep

3 «i

Repairs Needed

Date
Tested

Inspector's
Signature

Signed.

Master Mechanic.

194 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS

M, P. FORM 82.

Inspector's Report of Inspection of Air and
Steam Gauges and Safety Valves.

The purpose of this report is that the Superintendent
of Motive Power and Machinery may be advised that
all air and steam .gauges and safety valves are in-
spected at regular intervals and that he may ascer-
tain the condition they are in.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES.

195

M. P. Form 82
AND

INSPECTOR'S REPORT OF INSPECTION OF AIR
STEAM GAUGES AND SAFETY VALVES

AT SHOP.

.DIVISION. DATE.

.19.

Note. — All air and steam gauges and safety valves must be tested quar-
terly.

Two reports of this character must be filled out and signed by the person
making the inspection at the time and place such inspection is made. One of
the reports will be filed in the office of the master mechanic, and the other
forwarded to the Superintendent of Motive Power and Machinery.

When steam gauges are applied, extreme care must be taken to provide
a large syphon and to have the same full of water before turning the steam
into the gauge. This applies with equal force to the test gauge.

A separate report should be made for stationary boilers and the point at
which they are located should be shown hereon and the numbers prefixed by
the letter "S."

Date

Tested

a
o

d
o

3

AIR GAUGE

STEAM
GAUGE

SAFETY
VALVE

o

Train Line

Reservoir

Remarks

I

©

© S3

HO

0

bCS

c ee
WO

Remarks

to

O

o

53

S3

teg

o

© a
HO

bep

a a

o
*<*

© ce
HO

©

.b£

30

Remarks

196 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. FORM 83.

Inspector's Report of Changes and Repairs of
Stationary Boilers.

The purpose of this report is that the Superintendent
of Motive Power and Machinery may obtain a complete
record of details of stationary boilers, so as to keep an
accurate check on the pressure carried by the boiler
while in service.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES. 197

M. P. Form 83
INSPECTOR'S REPORT OF CHANGES AND REPAIRS OF STATION-
ARY BOILERS.

NOTE— This report is to be made at stated intervals or whenever any changes are made in station-
ary boilers.by the foreman or inspector and forwarded to the Superintendent of Motive Power and
Machinery.

The items and dimensions should be given as called for on the diagram below.

All dimensions of the shell should be outside dimensions and those of the firebox inside dimen-
sions. All seams should be located on the boiler diagrams by use of the seam diagrams and numbers on
the opposite section of this form. If any other style of seam is used a sketch should be made in the
blank space provided for that purpose.

Be/ZtrJ^fess Max

Bo/derMater/aZ.

Bw/er tft

.Zac&f/a/r.

St/-y}c«.

< /*/vf/«y

Bu/JLettr.

BuU/.

Jris/&U*4.

Tube* #urrt&*r.

D/a ttj.

' Zerjgt/i.

gauge.

&/■# j9cccZt,7g/A

TT/dt/i.

JD/am

He/ff/it.

Pate

SfyAe /?.

SEAX T)17ifflMHS

DIMENS.ONS OP SEAMS

\f—j—M.—r

*' ill BgagjgB a fgj

r^

Li

friar"
:§-fe

-t-&-HB-

t

a

*Number of Seams as shown on Boiler Diagrams.

198 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. FORM 84.

Shop Foreman's Report to Master Mechanic of
Valve Motion of Engines.

This report is used to obtain the dimensions of the
parts of locomotives relating to the valve motion, when
such locomotives have received repairs.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES.

199
M . P . Form 84

SHOP FOREMAN'S REPORT TO MASTER MECHANIC OF
VALVE MOTION OF ENGINES.

Engine No Class.

.Shops. Date 19...

Note — This report should be made by the foreman of the shops where
engines are repaired and sent to the master mechanic for his signature, and
any notations which he may make, who will in turn forward same to the
Superintendent of Motive Power and Machinery.

The report should show the dimensions of the parts enumerated below.

Cylinders

Steam Ports

Exhaust Port

Bridges

Outside Lap

Inside Clearance _

Throw of Eccentric

Travel of Valve

Saddle Pin Back

Lead Full Gear

Valv«s Set by..

m*f/Jf/f*

o

i
i

m

o

5

Z

§

REMARK

'S: ,

MAtTCft MtCH«NI«,

200 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. FORM 85.

Monthly Report of Each Engineer's Service,
Viz. : Total Miles Run by Locomotives Under
His Charge, Tons Hauled and Fuel Con-
sumed.

This is for the purpose of comparing the records of
particular engineers in regard to economy practiced in
the use of fuel each month — the record showing the
locomotive mileage made per ton of coal used; also
the average number of pounds of coal used to haul
each 100 tons one mile. For purposes of comparison
the engineers in each class of service (passenger, freight,
etc.) are grouped together.

Another purpose of this report is to permit the man-
agement to ascertain and scrutinize what the relation
of coal consumption is to the number of tons hauled.
Afterwards, and in the u Performance of Locomotives"
Form 45, the consumption of coal per ton mile is as-
certained for all locomotives for the whole road.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES.

201

M. P. Form 85

MONTHLY REPORT OF EACH ENGINEER'S SERVICE, VIZ:

TOTAL MILES RUN BY LOCOMOTIVES UNDER

HIS CHARGE, TONS HAULED AND

FUEL CONSUMED.

Division. For the month of -19.

Note. — This report is made monthly by each master mechanic and should
be sent to the office of the Superintendent of Motive Power and Machinery by
the fifteenth day of the month. A separate report should be made for each
kind of service — as passenger, freight, etc.

.Service.

En-
gineer

Fireman

pa o

o

a

"So
p
w

'a
cP

Ho

a

* a
Mo
a: EH

•* a>

1-3

bpiZ

202 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. FORM 86.

Statement of Mileage Made, by Each Engineer
to pint of Lubricating Oil.

The purpose of this report is that the Superintendent
of Motive Power and Machinery may see that engine-
men are as economical as possible in the use of lubri-
cating oils.

In connection with this form, it is the custom on
some roads to place the engineers within certain limits
per run. The effect of such precaution, if wisely de-
termined, will heighten interest and enforce economy.
This will be further insured, however, by comparing
the operation of the engines — one with another — on the
basis of the number of miles run to pint of oil.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES. 203

M. P. Form 86

STATEMENT OF MILEAGE MADE BY EACH ENGINEER
TO PINT OF LUBRICATING OIL.

ON DIVISION. FOR THE MONTH OF 19....

Note. — This report is to be made monthly by each master mechanic and
should be sent to the office of the Superintendent of Motive Power and Machin-
ery by the twentieth day of the month. A separate report should be made
for each kind of service.

.Service

Engineer

bo

Oh

•as

Avirage Number of Miles
Run to pint of

bo

a

C3

£5

o a

204 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. FORM 87.

Master Mechanic's Report to Superintendent
of Motive Power and Machinery of Condi-
tion of Tools and Machinery.

This report is to be made by the Master Mechanic
and forwarded to the Superintendent of Motive Power
and Machinery whenever any changes are made, either
by installing new or removing old tools and machinery.

A report of this character should also be made at
the beginning of each year, covering all tools and
machinery at the shops under the Master Mechanic's
jurisdiction.

It is kept as a record in the office of the Superin-
tendent of Motive Power and Machinery, and by it
he is advised of the condition of all tools and machinery
in the Motive Power Department.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES.

205

oo

a

u
o

s

p

«3

o

hS

O B

So

r <

H O

&8
55 H

go

D
m

O
H

S5

O

Q

o

H O

b

S5

a

o

s

M
H
H
02

H
525

W
o

Oi

p

O
C/2

2 3

?*» :

:3 ©^

pT4

a
©

a©

Q d ©

qoqq

206 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. FORM 88.

Form of Application Made by Those Seeking Em-
ployment on Engines.

This form is to be used by all persons making ap-
plication for employment as engineers, firemen, or
engine dispatchers.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES.

207

M. P. Form 88
FORM OF APPLICATION MADE BY THOSE SEEK-
ING EMPLOYMENT ON ENGINES.

Instructions. — All applications for employment as engineers, firemen,
engine dispatchers, and such other employes as may be designated by the
division superintendent or master mechanic, must be made by the applicant
himself, in duplicate, on this blank, and sworn to before a notary public. The
applicant will then report to the Company's surgeon to have his sight and hear-
ing tested, and for physical examination also, surgeons making such tests
and examinations will report results of same in proper place on this blank,
sending one report to the division superintendent or master mechanic, and
the other to the chief surgeon. A fee of one dollar will be charged for making
such examinations, and the same will be paid by the Company, unless the ap-
plicant is accepted as an employe, in which case, the amount of the fee will be
deducted from his wages.

Note. — When this application blank is properly filled out and sworn to,
the applicant may be allowed to enter the service ON PROBATION, provided
there is need for his services, and he has passed a satisfactory examination, but
it must be distinctly understood that before he can be considered an ACCEPTED
employe, the written approval of the superintendent or master mechanic
must be obtained.

Full Name and Address of Applicant.

Place

Date

.19....

1. Place of birth Date of birth 18. .Age

2. Single or married?

3. Give names and address of any persons dependent on you for support or

to whose support you are contributing

4. What position do you desire?

5. What experience have you had in that line?.

6. By whom are you employed at present?

No Street , Town or City , State of

7. In what capacity are you employed?

8. Are any of your relatives in the employ of this Company? If so, state

who they are, and in what capacity employed

9. State below where and how you have been employed since you left school,

making no omission in the record :

Time of Service

FROM

TO

ja

A

■♦»

u

<M

u

a

a

fl

a

o

©

O

©

a

b

S

*

—

NAME OF EMPLOYER
(If the employer was a corpora-
tion, give name of such corpora-
tion ; also name and present address
of official under whom you served.)

Place

Where

Employed

Nature

of

Empl'ym't

fiow
Employed

Why Did
You

Leave?

208

THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

10. Give below the name, address and occupation of your parents and other
relatives. If any are deceased, give other nearest relatives:

NAME

Father :

Mother:

Nearest Male Relative
On Father's Side:

On Mother's Side:

OCCUPATION

ADDRESS

11.

If so.

Have you ever been discharged or suspended from any situation?
state particulars, when and where

12. Have you ever been injured? If so, when where

how . .-....-

and extent of injuries

13. Have you now or did you ever have any litigation with any railroad com-

pany?

14. Have you ever been in the employ of this company before? If so, state

when, where, in what capacity, and cause of leaving

15. Do you drink malt or spirituous liquors? . ,

16. Have you ever before made application for employment and been sub-

jected to a physical examination? If so, when

where and by what physician was exami-
nation made?

17. Were you accepted or rejected?

I hereby authorize this company and its officers, and the officers of any

other company or firm by which I have been heretofore employed, to answer
any or all inquiries as to my conduct and qualifications while in such service,
and, so far as they may know, the cause of my leaving the same.

In consideration of my employment by said company, I further agree
that whenever I shall sustain any personal injury while in the service of said
company I will allow its surgeons and any medical examiners it may select to
examine my person and body as often as the company may deem necessary
in respect to the alleged injury, and I hereby waive all objections to such sur-
geons or medical examiners testifying whenever called upon by the company,
and I further agree that my refusal to allow any such examination to be made
or testimony to be given shall be a bar to the institution or prosecution of any
action on account of such injuries; and any action pending at the time of such
refusal shall at once abate in consequence thereof.

In further consideration of such employment I agree that if, while in the
service of said company, I sustain any personal injury for which I shall or may
make claim against the company for damages I will, within sixty days after
receiving such injury, give notice in writing of such claim to the general claim
agent of said company; which notice shall state the time, place, manner and
cause of my being injured and the nature and extent of my injuries, and the
claim made therefor, to the end that such claim may be fully, fairly and prompt-
ly investigated; and my failure to give written notice of such claim in the manner
and within the time aforesaid, shall be a bar to the institution of any suit On
account of such injuries.

Signature of Applicant 5

Address

Dated at this day of

19....

>ss.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES. 209

State of

County of

^ being first duly sworn, says

that he is the applicant named in the foregoing application, that said applica-
tion, is signed by him, and that the answers to questions in said application
are made in his own hand-writing, and that each and all of the answers con-
tained in said application are true.

Subscribed and sworn to before

me this day of

19....

Notary Public.
I hereby acknowledge receipt of a copy of the rules and regulations for

the government of employes of the operating department of the

Railway Company, and all amendments thereto, and also a

copy of the current time table, and agree to familiarize myself with and observe
all the same, and to keep advised of such amendments to said rules as may be
hereafter made, and have had explained to me the dangerous nature of the ser-
vice in which I am about to engage. I have been notified that there are build-
ings, coal chutes, signal posts, switch stands, round house doors and other
obstructions dangerously close to the tracks, and that I am required to look
out for them and avoid danger, which I fully appreciate.

Dated at this day of 19 ...

SURGEON'S CERTIFICATE.

To be filled out and signed after a PERSONAL examination by any of
the company's local surgeons.

The f ollowng is the report of the result of my examination of Mr.

TO BE SIGNED BY APPLICANT IN PRESENCE OF EXAMINER.

1. When placed at a distance of twenty (20) feet from the test types, the

last five (5) letters read correctly by the applicant are:

Right eye 20/ I ....

Left eye 20/

Both eyes .:

2. A. The applicant selects skeins numbered as follows, as being of the

same color as test skein A:

B. The following as being of the same color as test skein B:

C. The following as being of the same color as test skein C:

3. The applicant hears the tick of a watch with the right ear at

inches; with the left ear at inches. For ordinary

conversation at a distance of twenty (20) feet, the hearing is

(expressed in fractions).
I find that there is evidence of recent successful vaccination; that he is
not suffering from any disease or disability other than noted, and that he does
not manifest any evidence of an abuse of intoxicating liquors.

I hereby certify that, having examined him for defects of vision, color
perception and hearing, and for other physical defects, I find him J qualified /

/ disqualified i

to fill the position of

Disqualifying defects

Defects that do not disqualify -

Remarks:

Examined by -.

Surgeon at

Date of Examination 19

TO BE SIGNED BY SURGEON MAKING THE EXAMINATION.

210 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. FOKM 89.

Master Mechanic's Notice of Vacancies in Runs
and Service.

The purpose of this notice is to advise enginemen of
vacancies to be filled by a certain date, and to allow
them to make application, if they so desire, for the
vacant positions.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES. 211

M. P. Form 89
MASTER MECHANIC'S NOTICE OF VACANCIES IN RUNS

AND SERVICE.
Division Date 19

Note. — This notice is issued by the master mechanic whenever vacancies
occur for engineers or firemen.

A copy should be sent to each round house foreman on the division and
posted on the bulletin board or some other conspicuous place.

Applications should be made for the position desired and forwarded to
the master mechanic on or before the date specified below.

ENGINEER OR
FIREMEN

BETWEEN WHAT POINTS

All applications must be on file in the office of the master mechanic
not later than 19

212 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. FORM 90.

Notice of Superintendent of Motive Power and
Machinery of Those Authorized to Operate
Locomotives.

To Master Mechanics and Foremen in Charge of
Round "Houses and Shops.

This notice is used to furnish information to all em-
ployes of rounnd-houses and shops as to what persons
are permitted to move and operate the locomotive en-
gines belonging to the company.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES. 213

M. P. Form 90

NOTICE OF SUPERINTENDENT OF MOTIVE POWER AND

MACHINERY OF THOSE AUTHORIZED TO

OPERATE LOCOMOTIVES

TO MASTER MECHANICS AND FOREMEN IN CHARGE
OF ROUND-HOUSES AND SHOPS:

No one other than Master Mechanics, Round-House Foremen, Engineers,
Firemen or Hostlers are allowed to move or operate the locomotive engines
of this Company All other employes are strictly forbidden to do so

Any employe disobeying this order will be liable to immediate discharge.
Master Mechanics and Round-House Foremen are instructed to enforce the
above order rigidly, and to provide all employes under them, who are not
permitted to handle locomotives under the terms of this order, with a copy
of this notice, to explain it carefully to them, to procure their acknowledg-
ment thereof on this blank and forward the same immediately to the Super-
intendent of Motive Power and Machinery.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF EMPLOYE.
The above notice has this day been read and explained to me by.

and a copy thereof left in my possession. I agree to observe carefully the in-
structions contained therein.

Signed at .this.

day of 19

Witness:

214 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. FORM 91.

Form of Release to be Signed by Minors and

Their Legal Guardians.

This form is used in obtaining the consent of the
parents or guardians <5f all minors to their employment
in the Motive Power Department.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES. 215

M. P. Form 91
FORM OF RELEASE TO BE SIGNED BY MINORS
AND THEIR LEGAL GUARDIANS

Note. — This release must be furnished in duplicate by all minors before they
are allowed to enter the service of the Company. It must be duly signed by
the parents or guardian of the minor, witnessed by two disinterested persons
and sworn to before a notary public.

One copy of the release should be kept on file in the office of the official
under whom the minor is employed and the other forwarded to the Super-
intendent of Motive Power and Machinery.

WHEREAS, . who was

years of age on the day of

19. .., is about to enter the employment of the

RAILWAY COMPANY; and

Whereas, the nature of such employment may from time to time be
changed :

Therefore, in consideration of his being employed by that Company,
in whatever capacity now or hereafter we, the undersigned, *father and
mother of said minor, do hereby agree with said Railway Company that we

have given the said .his own time and earnings,

and that he is of sufficient capacity to discharge the duties of his employment,
now or hereafter, and that he may at all times himself collect and receipt for
his wages from said Company in whatever position he may at any time be
employed, and that we will make no claim against said Company at any time
for any wages or earnings of said minor in the employment of said Railway
Company, or for any injuries that he may receive during or in connection
with said employment, or for any liability whatever on account of said minor
or his employment.

Witness out hands and seals at this day of

19

Witness :

'. [Seal.]

[Seal.]

*If there is no father or mother and there is a guardian, the word "guardian"
should be inserted instead of "father and mother," and the release executed by
guardian.

I, referred to in the above release, do

hereby certify that I was years of age on the day

of 19...., and that the dangerous nature of the business

in which I am about to engage has been explained to me by the agents of the
Company, and that I fully understand the risks I am about to take in entering

the employment of the RAILWAY COMPANY

as a

Dated at this day of

19

Witness:

210 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS,

M. P. FORM 92.

Certificate given on Completion of Apprentice-
ship.

This certificate serves the purpose of a diploma,
being given to all employes who have finished their
apprenticeship in any line of work in the Motive Power
Department.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES. 217

M. P. Form 92

CERTIFICATE GIVEN ON COMPLETION OF
APPRENTICESHIP.

RAILWAY CO.

DEPARTMENT OF MOTIVE POWIK AND MACHINERY.

Has served an Apprenticeship as

In the Shopsof this Company at

During the period from ...to..

WORK ON WHICH EMPLOYED.

Time Employed

Kind of Work

OFFICERS UNDER WHOM EMPLOYED.

Name

Title

GENERAL, RECORD OF APPRENTICE.

Supt. At. P. and Machinery.

218 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS,

M. P. FORM 93.

Master Mechanic's Weekly Report to Superin-
tendent of Motive Power and Machinery of
Average Terminal Delays of Freight Engines
and the Cause Therefor.

The purpose of this report is to furnish the Super-
intendent of Motive Power and Machinery with data
regarding the total time freight engines are delayed at
round-houses from various causes, and to enable him
to take the necessary action to eliminate such delays.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES. 219

M. P. Form 93
MASTER MECHANIC'S WEEKLY RFPORT TO SUPERIN-
TENDENT OF MOTIVE POWER AND MACHINERY
OF AVERAGE TERMINAL DELAYS OF FREIGHT
ENGINES AND CAUSE THEREFOR

DIVISION.

19..

Note. — A report of this character should be made daily by each round-
house foreman and forwarded to the master mechanic. It should show in
hours and minutes, the length of time all freight engines are held for various
causes, the total time held, and the average time held per engine.

On Monday of each week the master mechanic will make a summary on
this form of all such delays at the several round-houses on the division, snow-
ing the same information for the total number of engines handled at each point
during the week and forward it to the Superintendent of Motive Power and
Machinery.

oft

ft q

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OB

LENGTH OF TIME HELD

PLACE

SITE

For Coal,

Vater or

Cleaning

Fire

For Work

on Engine

in Round

House

For
Orders

TOTAL
TIME
HELD

AYJCjAAuIi

TIME

HELD PER

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220 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. FORM 94.

Enineer's Requisition for Supplies.

This form is a folio from the order book which is
furnished each engineer by the Master Mechanic on the
first day of the month. It is to be used only in order-
ing tools and supplies for locomotives, and at the end
of the month the fcrook, with all unused tickets, should
be returned to the Master Mechanic.

It has been found advantageous to number the
tickets in consecutive order in each book.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES.

221

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222 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. FORM 95.

Engineer's Report to Round House Foreman of
Condition of Engines at End of Each Trip.

The purpose of this report is that the round-house
foreman may ascertain the condition of each engine at
the end of each trip, as reported by the engineer, and
to see that all necessary repairs are made before the
engine is allowed to go into service.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES. 223

M. P. Form 95.

ENGINEER'S REPORT TO ROUNDHOUSE FOREMAN

OF CONDITION OF ENGINES AT

END OF EACH TRIP.

Note. — Engineers must carefully inspect their engines after each trip,
whether needing repairs or not, and report their condition on this form, send-
ing same to the round-house foreman. They will be held responsible for every
defect not reported. No attention will be given to verbal reports or reports
not signed by the engineer.

When repairs have been made to the engine, and the report signed by the

Cerson making the repairs and approved by the round-house forman, it should
e forwarded to the master mechanic, to be kept on file in his office.

Condition of Engine No after careful inspection, on

arrival at ...., Time M., Date 19

Engine is in good condition, with the following exceptions:

Condition of Right Injector

Condition of Left Injector

Condition of Blow-off Cock

Safety Valve lifts at lbs.

Safety Valve seats at lbs.

.Engineer.

(Reverse side of above.)

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224 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. FORM 96.

Engineer's Report to Master Mechanic of Par-
ticulars of Stock Killed or Injured.

The purpose of # this report is that the officials may
have a record of all stock killed or injured, in case a
claim is made against the company by the owners of
the stock.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES. 225

M. P. Form 96

ENGINEERS REPORT TO MASTER MECHANIC OF
PARTICULARS OF STOCK KILLED OR INJURED.

:.. Division.

Note. — This report must be made by engineers for all stock killed or in-
jured by locomotives operated by them.

Each question must be answered fully and the report forwarded to the
master mechanic, who will in turn forward it to the division superintendent.

1. Date 19 Train No Passenger or Freight

No. of engine Conductor Brakeman

Time accident occurred M., Daylight or dark...

2. Number and kind of stock killed or injured

3. Place of accident

4. Was stock struck on a highway crossing? ". ,

5. If so, was the proper crossing signal given? Was engine bell ringing?

6. If accident happened on station grounds, was it between switches or be-
tween switch and cattle guard? .

7. Rate of speed when you first saw stock miles per hour.

Rate of speed when you struck stock

8. Did accident happen at point where the track was straight? If so, for
what distance before stock was struck?

9. Was the alarm whistle sounded for stock?.
10. If so, at what distance from stock?

11. What was the grade? Up or down? And for what distance from point
of accident?

12. How many cars did you have in train, loaded or empty?

13. How far were you from stock when first discovered?

14. Give reason why stock was not discovered by you or your fireman sooner?

15. Was stock on track when you first discovered it?

16. From which side of the engine did the stock come upon the track?

17. State particularly what effort, if any, was made to avoid the accident?

REMARKS.

18. Did you notice condition of Company's right of way fences, gates or bars,
and give any information you think will be of value to Company, relative
to same, and not above stated

.Engineer

226 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. FORM 97.

Particulars of Hours Worked by Each Man,
Rate of Pay, Wages, and on What Labor
Was Expended.

Foremen having charge of men at points where there
is no separate timekeeper should use the accompany-
ing blank in recording the number of hours worked
by such men each day, and in distributing such time
daily to the accounts benefited. The sheets should be
eyeletted so that the necessary number of pages may
be bound in one book. At the end of the month the
total time worked during the month by each man
should be summed up and entered in the proper col-
umn; also the total amounts chargeable to each of the
accounts named. The book should then be certified
to by the foreman and forwarded promptly to the
proper official, who will enter the time on the pay roll
and charge the labor in his distribution book.

At shops this form will be used by the timekeeper
in entering the time claimed by employes on the three
preceding forms, viz. : Nos. 58, 103 and No. 105.

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228 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. FORM 98.

Requisition for and Invoice of Material.

This form is to be used in ordering material, and
serves the purpose of an invoice and requisition. It
is one of three forms, namely: " Requisition for and
Invoice of Material/' "Notice of Material Ordered/'
(Form 99) and "Record of Material Ordered/' (Form
100.) With the use of carbon sheets these forms
are written simultaneously. The original is to be
sent to the official to whom it is addressed; the sec-
ond copy to the party who is to receive the material;
and the third copy retained for the office record.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES.

220

M. P. Form 98

REQUISITION FOR AND INVOICE OF MATERIAL.

19....

Requisition No

Dear Sir:

REQUISITION is hereby made for material called for below. Please

send without delay to at

and send invoice to at

Certified to Date 19 Signed: Date 19...

Certified to Date 19 Approved: Date ..__:.„19....

Note. — This blank should be used in ordering material — the quantity
"Now on Hand," "Due on Previous Requisitions" and "Additional Quantity
Wanted," and "Kind of Material" being entered in the proper places by the
person making the requisition.

Upon receipt of this requisition, properly approved, the official upon whom
it is drawn will forward the material in accordance with the directions given.
Any items which cannot be supplied at once should be drawn off, to be shipped
as soon as possible, and the person making the requisition promptly notified
of the probable date of shipment.

All items shipped should be invoiced to the proper person, as directed,
showing date and initials, and number of car in which shipped and quantity,
price and amount in the spaces provided. Before forwarding, this invoice
shouM be copied in the record book of "Material Forwarded."

Before accepting this invoice, the person receiving it should forward it to
the person to whom the material was shipped who should compare it with his
record of the material received, and in the event of error or omission, or in
case there is any variation or deficiency, either in quality or quantity, the
subjoined account must be corrected accordingly.

Quantity of Material

KIND OF MATERIAL

MATERIAL SHIPPED

A

Due on

Previous

Requisitions

Additional

Quantity

Wanted

Date Car

O 08

IN ORDERING MATERIAL

PLEASE KEEP WITHIN

SPACE BELOW

Quantity

Price

Amount

•

'

230

THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. Form 99

DUPLICATE

NOTICE OF MATERIAL ORDERED.

19,...

No.

1
The material called for below has been ordered] from above named officia

to be sent to at ! ,

and to be invoiced to at.

Note. — This notice will be sent to the
person who is to receive the material,
for his information and use in checking
the material when received.

.Date,

19....

Quantity of Material

KIND OF
MATERIAL

Material Received

IS

Due on

Prerious

Requisitions

Additional

Quantity

Wanted

Quantity

Date

Car

Inroiee
Cheeked

-

i

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES,

231

M. P. Form 100

TRIPLICATE

RECORD OP MATERIAL ORDERED.

19....

No.

Record of material ordered from above named official to be sent

to at

and to be invoiced to at

Note — This copy will be retained as a record
by the person making the Requisition and must
be filed in consecutive order according to the
number.

Date.... 19.

Quantity of Material

KIND OF MATERIAL

Invoice Checked

g

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mm

Sue on

Previous
Requisitions

Additional

Quantity

Wanted

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232 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

A. P. FORM 101.

Shop Order for Material.
This form is to be used in ordering material from
store to be used on all classes of work in shops. The
order should be dated and specify in detail the articles
required, quantity and the account to which the mat-
erial is to be charged. The "Weight," "Price," and
"Amount" columns should not be filled in by the per-
son ordering the material, as this willl be done by the
storekeeper and the# order will then furnish information
for writing up the accounts. The stub should be filled
out by the person ordering the material and retained
as a record to be used in checking up the material
when received. Orders for material to be used for ar-
ticles manufactured at shops of the company, may be
printed on colored paper to distinguish them from the
orders for material to be used for other purposes if
desired.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES.

233

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234 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. FORM 102.

Report of Piece Work Performed by Each Em-
ploye.

This report is to be made by the foreman for each
employe engaged on piece work. After being ap-
proved by the official in charge this report is to be
sent to the timekeeper, who will make the proper al-
lowance of time. A carbon sheet should be used and
a copy retained by the foreman for his record. In
view of the fact that these reports are all approved
before being sent to the timekeeper, they may be
printed on colored paper, thereby making it easier to
designate them from the other labor forms.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES.

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236 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. FORM 103.

Form of Application for Employment in Shop.

This form is to be used by all persons in making
application for a position in the shops of the Motive
Power Department. It furnishes information for an
investigation of the record of the applicant as to his
qualifications, and such investigation should always be
made before a person is allowed to enter permanently
into the employ of the company.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES.

237

M. P. Form 103.

FORM OF APPLICATION FOR EMPLOYMENT

IN SHOP.

Note. — Upon this application the applicant may be permitted to enter
the service on probation, provided there is need for his services and he has
passed a satisfactory examination, by the head of the department, but it must
be distinctly understood that before he can enter permanently into the service
or be regarded as a regular employe, the written approval of the head of the
department must be obtained.

Full name and address of applicant.

Dated at 19 .

Place of birth Date of birth 18 . . Age

Nationality. Married or single

What position do you desire?

What experience have you had in that line?

By whom are you employed at present ?

No Street Town or City State of

In what capacity are you employed at present?. . .

Is any one dependent on you for support? If so, give particulars

Give particulars and amount of any debt you owe or liability you are under . . .

Do you drink malt or spirituous liquors?

What is the condition of your general health?

Are you able-bodied?

Is your hearing good?

Is your eyesight good? ,

Are you able to distinguish colors?

Have you ever been injured? If so, when, where, how and extent of injury. . .

Name of last school attended

Did you graduate If not, how long did you attend?

State below where and how you have been employed during the last five years
making no omission in the record: .

TIME CF SERVICE.

Name of Employer

(If the employer was a corpora

tion, give name of such corp< >ration,

also name and present address of

)fficial under whom you served.)

Place

where

Employed

Nature of
Employ-
ment
(How Em-
ployed.)

Why did
you
leave?

FROM

TO

Kth.

Year

Mth.

Year

i

Have you ever been discharged or suspended from any situation?
m<

If so, state
when, where, and under what conditions?,

Have you ever been in the employ of this Company before?

where, in what capacity, and cause of leaving

Give below the name, address and occupation of your parents and other rela-
tives. If any are deceased, give other nearest relatives:

If so, state when,

NAME.

OCCUPATION.

ADDRESS.

Father

Mother

N E ARE ST M A LE Re LATI V E :

On Father's side

On Mother's side

238 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

Are any of your relatives in the employ of this Company? If so, state who

they are, and in what capacity employed

Will you faithfully perform such duties as may be legally required of you by

your superiors? ;

In consideration of my employment by said company, I agree that whenever
I shall sustain any personal injury while in the service of said company I will
allow its surgeon and any medical examiners it may select to examine my
person and body as often as the company may deem necessary in respect to
the alleged injury, and I hereby waive all objections to such surgeons or medi-
cal examiners testifying whenever called upon by the company, and I further
agree that my refusal to allow any such examination to be made or testimony
to be given shall be a bar to the institution or prosecution of any action on
account of such injury; and any action pending at the time of such refusal
shall at once abate in consequence thereof.

In further consideration of such employment I agree that if, while in the
service of said company, I sustain any personal injury for which I shall
or may make claim against the _ company for damages, I will, within
thirty days after receiving such injury, give notice in writing^ of such
claim to the General Claim Agent of said company; which notice shall state
the time, place, manner and cause of my being injured and the nature and ex-
tent of my injuries, and the claim made therefor, to the end that such claim
may be fully, fairly and promptly investigated; and my failure to give written
notice of such claim in the manner and within the time aforesaid, shall be a
bar to the institution of any suit on account of such injuries.

I certify that my answers to the above questions are true, and agree that
they shall be the basis of my employment.

Signature of Applicant

(All applications for employment in this Department must be made on
this blank in duplicate, and when party enters the service of this company the
employing officer will send both copies to the head of the department.)

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES. 239

M. P. FORM 104.

Particulars of Mechanical Examinations of Fire-
men at the End of the First, Second and
Third Years of Service.

• The particulars of these examinations (so important
in connection with the supervision of locomotives) are
omitted here as they are given, with other matters re-
lating to enginemen, elsewhere in the " Science of Rail-
ways."

It may be said, however, in connection with these
examinations made by Master Mechanics, that one
year is usually allowed each man who seeks to become an
engineer, in which to prepare for the examination. At
the end of that period he must pass with a percentage
as high as 80. Should he fail to pass as high as this,
he is given another opportunity to pass the same exa-
mination within six months ; if he then fails to pass by
a percentage equal to 80, he is dropped from the en-
ginemen's list. The same rules are observed in regard
to the second and third years' service and examinations.

240 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

M. P. FORM 105.

Daily Distribution of Labor for Manufactured

Material Work.

This report is to be made out daily by each employe
working upon material manufactured by the company.
After being approved by the foreman it is to be for-
warded to the timekeeper, who will make the proper
allowance of time. It is then to be given to the cost
clerk, to be used" in obtaining the cost of the article
under course of manufacture. This form may be
printed on colored paper, in order that it may be
distinguishhed readily from the other labor distribu-
tion slips.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES. 211

M. P. Form 105

10

Check No Rate Name

Occupation

Daily Distribution of Labor

Hours
Worked

Pieces
Completed

Order No.

Worked

On

Description of Work

Machine
Number

FOREMAN

To he used only for material manufactured at shops.

242 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS,

M. P. FORM 106.

Distribution Blank For Material Used.

m. p. form 107.
Distribution Blank For Labor Performed.

Loose sheets of these forms are furnished to all em-
ployes who are required to make returns of material
used (form 106) and labor performed (form 107). The
object of furnishing the blanks in loose sheets is to
enable the person who writes them up to take an im-
pression copy before they leave his hands; thus the
clerical work thai would otherwise be required in
making a written copy is avoided, the impression
answering for local uses while the original is sent to
headquarters.

It will be noticed that the sheets are eyeletted;
these eyelets are to enable the person making the return
to collect the sheets together and bind them in book
form before they leave his hands. Covers for the books
should be furnished with the blanks and similarly eye-
letted.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES. 243

M. P. Form 106

DISTRIBUTION BLANK FOR MATERIAL USED.

SHOP.

Folio of Distribution Book

GENERAL DISTRIBUTION OF MATERIAL BOOK, for the

month of. 19

Charged to

244 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS. ,

M. P. Form 107

DISTRIBUTION BLANK FOR LABOR PERFORMED,

SHOP.

Folio of Distribution Book

GENERAL DISTRIBUTION OF LABOR BOOK, for the month

of 19

Charged to -

NAME

KIND OF
SERVICE

Folio
Time
Book

Time
Worked

RATE

Detailed
Amount

Total
Amount

SUPliltl IS/OX OF LOCOMOTIVES.

24.

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TONN

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Em ffl

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Eh p

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fe

Average No. of

Tons hauled

per Train

NO. TONS HAULED ONE MILE

Engine Mileage

a c

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M

5?5

fa

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ffl 3 4)

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CHAPTER V.
Locomotive and Train Mileage.

Information regarding locomotive mileage is of
great value in many ways, but chiefly for ascertaining
the relative economy exercised. For this purpose
exhibits are prepared which show the average outlay
per mile run by locomotives for wages of engineers,
firemen, locomotive wipers, hostlers, and laborers at
roundhouses; cost of repairs (material and labor being
shown separately), supplies — such as tools and cab
furniture — quantity and cost of fuel; quantities and
cost of oil and waste, etc., etc. The statistics should
show (as specified), the average number of pounds of
coal, pints of lubricating oil, pounds of waste, and
average train tonnage hauled, per mile run. These
returns are commonly embraced in what is called
the performance sheets of locomotives.

The use made of data regarding locomotive
mileage varies on different roads; nor is uniformity
observed in classifying the service. Because of this,
and to facilitate comparisons, it has been suggested
that the mileage of locomotives should be reported
under the following specific heads:

Passenger locomotive mileage.

Freight locomotive mileage.

Mixed train locomotive mileage.

Helping locomotive mileage.

Light locomotive mileage.

Switching locomotive mileage.

Work locomotive mileage.

There can be no objection to this classification being
further subdivided to meet the preferences of par-

246

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES. 247

ticular roads — provided such subdivisions may finally
be consolidated under the heads named above

Passenger locomotive mileage embraces revenue
passenger train mileage, as hereinafter defined, and the
mileage of non-revenue trains of the passenger class,
such as pay trains, official trains, complimentary
trains, employes' trains, etc.

Freight locomotive mileage embraces revenue freight
train mileage, not including the mileage of trains con-
sisting of only a locomotive and caboose "running
light/ ' It also includes the mileage of non-revenue
freight trains, such as trains hauling company ma-
terial and supplies.

Mixed train locomotives mileage embraces revenue
mixed train mileage.

Helping locomotive mileage embraces the mileage
of locomotives while pushing, double-heading or other-
wise assisting trains, of all classes. It also includes
the additional loaded mileage made in doubling hills.
It is subdivided into four classes, according to the
nature of the service, each of which should be sep-
arately reported, viz.: helping passenger trains, help-
ing freight trains, helping mixed trains, and helping
non-revenue trains.

Light locomotive mileage embraces that made by
locomotives running "light," as when running for water
or fuel; running to or from the roundhouse, shops, or
trains; running light after pushing, double-heading, or
in any similar way assisting passenger, freight, mixed
or non-revenue trains; and light mileage made in
doubling hills. It also includes the mileage of loco-
motives when running with only a caboose car at-
tached.

Switching locomotive mileage embraces all loaded
or light mileage made in switching cars, except shop
or work switching.

Work locomotive mileage embraces the mileage of

248 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

locomotives engaged in hauling work trains, such as
gravel, ballast, construction, wrecking and repair
trains, snow plows and flangers; also the mileage of
locomotives employed in shop or work switching.

The rules governing the computation of locomotive
mileage are as generally follows :

The mileage of locomotives engaged in hauling
trains — except helping mileage and work train mileage-
should be based on the actual distance run between
terminals, to be computed from the official time-table,
as hereinafter prescribed for train mileage.

Helping and light mileage of locomotives should be
based on the actual distance run while helping trains
or running light, as the case may be.

Switching locomotive mileage is computed at an
arbitrary rate of six miles per hour for the actual
time while engaged in such service (or such other
basis as may be determined from time to time.)
Mileage for switching and other work done incidentally
enroute at way stations is not generally allowed, except
in the case of locomotives of local freight trains when
employed in switching for one hour or more at a sta-
tion— in which case they are allowed switching mileage
at the rate of six miles per hour for the actual time so
employed. No allowance is usually made when the
time thus engaged is for less than one hour at any par-
ticular station.

Work locomotive mileage is arrived at in the same
manner as prescribed for work train mileage.

To ascertain what percentage the helping passenger
locomotive mileage is of the passenger train mileage,
the total mileage of locomotives helping passenger
trains should be divided by the total passenger train
mileage.

To ascertain what percentage the helping freight

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES. 249

locomotive mileage is of the freight train mileage,
the total mileage of locomotives helping freight trains
should be divided by the total freight train mileage.

And similarly, to ascertain what percentage the
helping mixed train locomotive mileage is of the mixed
train mileage, the total mileage of locomotives helping
mixed trains should be divided by the total mixed
train mileage.

While usages differ in regard to the classification of
locomotive mileage on different roads, nevertheless
there is practical unanimity in reference to what con-
stitutes the different classes of service, viz. : passenger,
freight, switching and work. But there is nothing so
fixed or necessarily arbitrary in connection with the
matter as to enforce particular methods, whether or no.

If for any reason it is desierd to consolidate the dif-
ferent classes of locomotive mileage so as to show only
the four kinds of service as named above, the follow-
ing classification has been suggested:

Passenger mileage to include passenger locomotive
mileage; a proportion of the mixed train locomotive
mileage, based on the work performed; the mileage
of locomotives helping passenger trains; and, finally,
the light mileage made by locomotives on account of
passenger service.

Freight mileage to include freight locomotive mile-
age; a proportion of the mixed train locomotive
mileage, based on the work performed; the mileage of
locomotives engaged in helping freight trains; and,
last, the light mileage made by locomotives on account
of freight service.

Switching and work mileage should include the
switching locomotive mileage and the work locomo-
tive mileage as previously defined.

250 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

Train Mileage.

The following classificationof train mileage, it is,
of course, to be understood, may be further subdivided
or extended to meet the preferences or special needs of a
company; but no change is advisable that will prevent
the ready compilation of the statistics required under
the general heads prescribed by the government for
the use of railroad companies in making their returns.

The subdivisions as given below represent the ideas
of experts upon the subject, and will, generally,
be found sufficient for all practical uses. For ex-
planatory purposes here, a" train" may be defined as
as consisting of one or more cars coupled together,
drawn by a locomotive, running between specified
terminal points in accordance with an authorized
schedule or time table, or under special orders from
the operating officials of a company.

Each train and each section of a train operated by a
separate train crew, is considered a separate train,
whether hauled by one or more locomotives, either
for the whole or only a part of the distance between
the terminal stations.

Train mileage is divided into two general classes:
revenue train mileage, which includes the mileage of all
trains from the operation of which the company re-
ceives an income — directly or indirectly; and non-
revenue train mileage, which includes the mileage of
all trains operated by the company from which no
income is derived.

Revenue train mileage is subdivided into passenger
train mileage, freight train mileage, and mixed train
mileage. These may be defined in detail as follows:

Passenger train mileage embraces the mileage of
trains run to transport revenue-earning passengers,
and to carry baggage, mail, express matter, and other
traffic classed as passenger business — not including
any trains which regularly include one or more cars

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES. 251

devoted exclusively or principally to carrying revenue-
earning freight.

Freight train mileage embraces the mileage of trains
run to transport revenue-earning freight — excluding
all trains which regularly include one or more cars
devoted exclusively or principally to revenue passenger
business. It also includes the mileage of trains of
empty freight cars, or of trains running light — i. e.,
consisting of a locomotive and caboose.

Note. — When milk cars are hauled in a passenger train, the
mileage of the train is, for convenience, generally embraced under
the head of passenger train mileage. When milk or express cars
are hauled in a freight train (and their earnings are classed as
freight earnings) the mileage of the train is similarly included under
the head of freight train mileage.

Mixed train mileage embraces that of trains carrying
both revenue passengers and revenue freight — each
car being exclusively or principally devoted to either
passenger business or freight business. Freight trains
that haul no passenger cars, but transport passengers
in caboose or way cars, are not called mixed trains,
but their mileage is included under the head of freight
train mileage.

Non-revenue train mileage embraces the mileage
of trains not directly connected with the earning of
revenue, such as pay trains, official trains, compii-
mentry special trans, trains run to convey employes;
trains hauling the company's material and supplies
gravel, ballast, construction, wrecking and repair
trains, snow plows and flangers and so on. As a rule
the mileage of non-revenue trains is not kept separate
as to the classes named above, but given in gross under
the general head of non-revenue train mileage.

Note. — Revenue passenger trains and revenue mixed trains may
incidentally carry private or official cars, work or service cars, or
cars of related classes, for which no charge is made; and similarly,
revenue freight trains and revenue mixed trains may incidentally
carry cars containing railway material and supplies, or other freight
not earning revenue; but only whole trains of such non-paying cars
should be regarded as non-revenue trains and classed accordingly.

252 THE SCIENCE OF RAILWAYS.

The mileage made in switching trains and cars is not
properly included under the head of train mileage.
Such statistics should be reported under the head of
"switching locomotive mileage/' defined elsewhere.

In computing revenue train mileage the mileage
allowed is based on the actual distance run between
terminals, as shown by the official time table. There
should be nothing added to this distance to- 'cover
switching or other work at way stations, or for service
of helper or pusher engines, or extra engines on double
or triple head trains, or for any distance run by the
engine in excess of that run by the train, such as the
distance from the round house to the train terminal,
doubling hills, running for fuel or water, etc.

The same rule is observed in computing mileage of
passengers and tons of freight, and car mileage.

The mileage of non-revenue trains should be based
on the actual distance run between terminals, the
same as directed for revenue trains. When work
trains are run between terminals and do not work at
some specified point or within specified limits, they
are allowed the actual mileage made, the same as
other trains. When run to a certain point for the
purpose of working at that point or within specified
limits, they should be allowed the actual mileage made
under running orders, and in addition an arbitrary
mileage of six miles per hour (or wrhatever may be
agreed upon), for the time they actually work at the
point designated or within the working limits specified.

From the foregoing it will be seen that train mileage
takes no account of the gross work done, such as the
number of cars moved, passengers carried, or tonnage
hauled. A train is a train — whether long or short,
heavy or light; and it is for this reason that train
mileage figures alone are in themselves of no great
value.

SUPERVISION OF LOCOMOTIVES. 253

But when used in conjunction with other returns,
operating efficiency may in a measure be determined;
such statistics being of value to the officers of a com-
pany in the supervision of the movement of traffic, etc.,
etc.

For example, the expense of running a light train is
proportionately greater than the expense of operating
a heavier train — taking into consideration the relative
tonnage moved — because many of the expenses in-
curred in connection with the movement of a train
are practically the same, regardless of the gross tonnage
handled. The expense for wages of enginemen and
train crew, the cost of the supervision of a train's
movement over the road, the expense of looking after
and caring for the engine at terminal points, the main-
tenance of the roadway, and so on, — all large items of
expense — are not increased in proportion with an in-
crease in the load hauled by a train. If, therefore,
the number of loaded freight cars hauled per train
mile — the gross tonnage of revenue freight moved per
train mile — can be increased, the earning power of the
road is thereby heightened; and it is in determining ;
what has been accomplished along such lines that loco-
motive and train mileage statistics are of value.

Note. — In the volume on " Supervision of Cars, " a classification
is made of statistics found to be of practical value, sucn as the
mileage of trains, the cars they haul, the loads they carry, etc.

INDEX.

PAGE

Agent's Report of Time Worked by Switch Yard Crews {Form) :90, 91

Air Compressors — Necessity of 30

Blacksmith Shops — Arrangement of 29

Blanks — See Forms.

Boiler Shops — Arrangement of 29

Boilers, Locomotive — Repairs to 20

Car Mileage 252

Certificate Given on Completion of Apprenticeship {Form) . .216, 217

Chemist, Place of in Organization .. . 19

Computing Locomotive Mileage 248, 249

Daily Distribution of Labor for Manufactured Material Work

{Form) 240, 241

Daily Report of Distribution of Shop Labor of Each Man

{Form) 160, 161

Definition of What Constitutes Engine Failures {Form) 72, 73

Department of Motive Power and Machinery; See "Motive
Power Department. "

Distribution Blank for Labor Performed {Form) 242, 244

Distribution Blank for Material Used {Form) 242, 243

Division Time Book of Locomotive Engineer's Giving Particu-
lars of the Service of Each {Form) . 94, 95, 96, 97

Division Master Mechanics — Place of in Organization 19

Draughtsmen, Chief — Duties of 23

Draughtsmen, Duties of » 22

Drawing Office — Importance of 23

Dynamometer Car — Advantages of 23

Electricity, Use of in Shops and Buildings 29

Engineer, Mechanical — Place of in Organization 19

Engineer of Tests, Place of in Organization 19

Engineer's Daily Report of Switching Time {Form) 88, 89

Examinations — Necessity of 9, 10

Monthly Report of Time Worked {Form) 92, 93

Report to Master Mechanic of Delays on Each Trip

{Form) 76, 77

Report to Master Mechanic of Particulars of Stock

Killed or Injured {Form) 224, 225

Report to Round House Foreman of Condition of

Engines at End of Each Trip {Form) 222, 223

Requisition for Supplies {Form) 220, 221

Engineers, Traveling — Usefulness of 9

Enginehouse Register {Form) 98, 99

255

256 INDEX.

PAGE

Engines, Road Foremen of — Place of in Organization 19

" See also " Locomotives. "

Erecting Shops — Arrangement of 27, 28

Equipment, Shortage in — Effect of 7

Examinations, Engineers' and Firemen's — Necessity of 9, 10

Examiners, Firemen's 25, 26

Exhibits— See " Blanks, " " Forms, ? " Returns. "

Firemen's Examinations — Necessity of 9, 10

Firemen, Examination of. . : . . . 25

" Promotion of , , 25

Fire, Protection from — Arrangements for v ...... ' 30

Foreman, General — See " General Foremen. "

Foreman of Shops, General — Place of in Organization? . . ..... 19

Foreman's Monthly Report to Master Mechanic of Cast Iron
Truck and Tender Wheels Applied to and Removed from

Locomotives (Form) 136, 137

Foreman's Weekly Report of Locomotives in Shop (Form) ... 70, 71
Weekly Report to the Master Mechanic of Loco-
motive Boilers Washed Out (Form) 46, 47

Foremen, Roundhouse — Place of in Organization 19

" Shop — Place o£ in Organization 19

Form of Application for Employment in Shop 236, 237, 238

." of Application of those Seeking Employment on Engines

206, 207, 208, 209

" of Coal Tickets used on Engines 120, 121

of Oil and Waste Tickets Used on Engines . . . 126, 127

" of Release .to be Signed by Minors and Their Legal

Guardians . 214, 215

Forms Specific 41, 46, 245

" Use of 34

" Value of 34

" What they Represent . . . . ; 35

Foundry, Arrangement of 29

Freight Locomotive Mileage - 246, 247, 249

" Mileage 252

" Train Mileage 251

General Foremen, Place of in Organization. 19

" Manager, Place of in Organization 19

Helping Locomotive Mileage 246, 247

Hospital Track 30

Index to Driving Wheel Tire Record (Form) 156. 157

" to Record of Steel-Tired Engine Truck Wheels (Form) 150,151
Inspector's Monthly Report of Inspection of Stationary and

Locomotive Fire-Box Stay-Bolts (Form) . . . .190, 191
Report (as per diagrams) of Locomotive Breakages

of Different Parts (Form) 170, 171, 172, 173,

174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184,
185, 186.
" Report of Changes and Repairs of Stationary

Boilers (Form) .... 196, 197

" Report of Inspection of Air and Steam Gauges and

Safety Valves (Form) 194, 195

INDEX. 257

PAGE

Inspector's Record of Inspection of Stationary and Locomotive

Fire-Box Stay-Bolts {Form) 188, 189

Report of Periodical Inspection of Stationary

Boilers (Form) 192, 193

Light Locomotive Mileage 246, 247

Locomotive Engineer's Trip Report of Time Worked (Form) .84, 85

Its Progress through the Shops 30

Mileage 246

Mileage — Classification of 249

Parts, Utilizing 21, 22

Report, Particulars oi Service and Cost for Repairs,

Supplies and Labor (Form) 134, 135

Locomotives, Breaking in 33

" Designing *. 21

M Differences in . 9

' Distribution of Over Road

" Faulty 21, 22

Keeping Specific Accounts with 37

Maintaining f

Repairing 30

Statistics of Performance of 37

Supervising 7

Uniformity in Classes — Advantages oi 22

( Watching 12 13

When to Shop 20

Machinery, maintaining 7

Machine Shops, Arrangement of 28

Master Mechanic, Place of in Organization. . . 19

fc" Mechanics, Division — Place of in Organization 19

Mechanics, Meetings of . 25

Mechanic's Monthly Report to Superintendent of Mo-
tive Power and Machinery of the Total Number of
Men of Each Class of Labor Employed on ".-lie D:'v
sion During the Month and Wages Paid (Fo*~*i. . ib6, 167
" Mechanic's Monthly Report to the Superintendent of
Motive Power and Machinery of the Condition oi

Each Engine on His Division (Form) 54, 55

" Mechanic's Monthly Statement to Superintendent of
Motive Power and Machinery of Comparative Cost of

Labor (Form) 162, 163

" Mechanic's Notice of Vacancies in Runs and Service

(Form) , . . . . .210, 211

Mechanic's Report to Superintendent of Motive Power
and Machinery of Condition of Tools and Machinery

(Form) 204, 205

Mechanic's Report of Repairs made or Particular En-
gines (Form) 60 51

Mechanic's Report of Cost of Repairs on Particular

Engines (Form) 66 67

Mechanic's Monthly Summary to the Superintendent
of Motive Power and Machinery in Regard tc Heavy
Reoairs Made on Engines . (Form) . 68, 69

<i

258 INDEX.

PAOK

Master Mechanic's Ten Days Report to the Superintendent of
Motive Power and Machinery of Engine Failures

{Form) .78, 79

" Mechanic's Weekly Report to Superintendent of Motive

Power and Machinery of Average Terminal Delays

of Freight Engines and the Cause Therefor {Form) . 218, 219

<: Mechanic's Weekly Report to Superintendent of Motive

Power and Machinery of the Location of Locomotives

{Form) 48, 49

Material, Testing 24

Mechanic, Master — See " Master Mechanic. "

Mechanical Engineer, Duties of 21, 23

" Engineer, Place of in Organization 19

Mileage Locomotive 246

" Statistics 246

" Train -. . 246

Mixed Train Locomotive Mileage 246, 247

" Train Mileage 251

Monthly Record of Repairs on Each Locomotive {Form) ... 112, 113
" Record of the Mileage of Each Engine {Form) .... 108, 109
" Record of the Superintendent of Motive Power and
Machinery of Condition of Each Engine on Each

Division {Form) 56, 57

" Record of the Superintendent of Motive Power and
Machinery of Particulars (Cause) of Engine Failures

on Each Day of the Month {Form) 80, 81

" Record of the Superintendent of Motive Power and
Machinery of the Condition of the Different Classes

of Engines on Each Division {Form) 58, 59

" Record of Superintendent cf Motive Power and Ma-
chinery of Each Defective Cast Iron Engine and

Tender Wheel Removed {Form) 138, 139

" Record of the Superintendent of Motive Power and
Machinery of the Gross Cost of Delayed and Over-
time on Each Division {Form) 102, 103

" Report for Division Master Mechanic of Mileage and
Cost of Repairs of Each Locomotive on His Division

{Form) 116, 117

Report for the Superintendent of Motive Power and
Machinery of the Miles Run and Cost of Repairs of

Each Engine {Form) 114, 115

Report of Each Engineer's Service, viz: Total Miles
Run by Locomotive Under His Charge, Tons

Hauled and Fuel Consumed {Form). , , 200, 201

Report of Fuel Delivered at Each Point to Locomo-
tives {Form) t 122, 123

Report of Locomotive Mileage (Classified) of Each '

Engine {Form) 106, 107

Report of Particulars of Cost of Repairs of Each Loco-
motive {Form) * 110, 111

a

n

a

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tt

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INDEX. 259

PAGE

Monthly Report of the Superintendent of Motive Power and
Machinery to the Purchasing Agent of Defective
Cast Iron Wheels Removed from Locomotives and

by Whom Made (Form) 142, 143

" Report of the Superintendent of Motive Power and
Machinery of Wheels that have Failed to Meet Guar-
antee of Makers (Form) 144, 145

" Report of Total Amount of Oil and Waste Delivered

to Locomotives on each Division (Form) 128, 129

" Report to the Superintendent of Motive Power and
Machinery of Engine Driving Wheel Tires Applied

and Removed (Form) 154, 155

" Statement of Locomotive Mileage on Each Division

(Form) . . . 104, 105

" Statement of the Tonnage Haul of Engineers and

Average Number of Tons Hauled per Train (Form) . 245
Summary of Charges to Various Operating Accounts
for Material and Labor Account of Engines on Each

Division (Form) 132, 133

Summary of Fuel Delivered to Locomotives (Form)

124, 125

Summary of the Superintendent of Motive Power and
Machinery of Cause of Engine Failures on Each

Division (Form) 82, 83

Summary of the Superintendent of Motive Power and
Machinery of the Gross Number cf Defective Cast
Iron Locomotive Wheels Removed, Made by Dif-
ferent Manufacturers (Form) . , 140, 141

Motive Power Department, Administration of 15

" Power Department, Details of 15

" Power Department, Extent of 14

" Power Department, Line Organization of 18, 19

" Power Department, Organization of, , 18, 19

" Power of Railroads 5

Non-Revenue Train Mileage 251, 252

Notice of Material Ordered (Form) 230

Notice of Superintendent of Motive Power and Machinery of

those authorized to Operate Locomotives (Form) 212. 213

Office, Drawing — Importance of ... 23

Organization of Motive Power Department 19

Paint Shop, Arrangement of 29

Particulars of Hours Worked by Each Man, Rate of Pay,
Wages, and on What Labor Was Expended (Form)

226, 227

Particulars of Mechanical Examinations of Firemen at the end

of the First Second and Third Years of Service 239

Passenger Locomotive Mileage 246, 247, 249

Mileage 252

Train Mileage 250

Patterns, Care of . . , 23

" Designing 23

Quayle, Robert 16

260 INDEX.

PAGE

Record of Material Ordered {Form) 231

" of Mileage (Classified) and Cost of Repairs of Each

Locomotive {Form) .....' 118, 119

" of Superintendent of Motive Power and Machinery of

Driving Wheel Tires {Form) 158, 159

of the Superintendent of Motive Power and Machinery
of Engine Truck and Tender Wheels Applied to and

Removed from Each Locomotive (Form) 146, 147

" of Superintendent of Motive Power and Machinery of

Steel Tires on Engine Truck Wheels {Form) . . 152, 153

Repairs, Effect of Neglect on 7

Report of Piece Work Performed by Each Employe {Form). 234, 235

Requisition for and Invoice of Material {Form) 228, 229

Returns, Locomotive Department — Purpose of .11, 12

Returns — See " Forms. "

Revenue Train Mileage , 250, 252

Road Foremen of Engines, Place of in Organization 19

Round House Foreman's Monthly Report of the Number of

Engines Wiped Daily {Form) 130, 131

" House Foremen, Place of in Organization 19

Statistics, Mileage 246

Shops, Erecting — Arrangement of . . 27, 28

Shop Foreman's Monthly Report to Master Mechanic of Num-
ber of Men of Each Class of Labor Employed During

the Month and Wages Paid {Form) 164, 165

" Foreman's Monthly Report to the Master Mechanic of
Particulars of Steel Tired Engine Truck and Tender
Wheels Applied* to or Removed from Locomotives

{Form) . 148, 149

" Foreman's Report to His Superior of Repairs on Particu-
lar Engines {Form) 62, 63, 64, 65

" Foreman's Report to Master Mechanic of Valve Motion

of Engines {Form) 198, 199

" Foremen, Place of in Organization 19

Shops, General — Equipment of 18

" Main, Location of ; 26

" Locomotive Repair — Locating 17

" Main — Arrangement of 26

" Main — General Foreman of. 19

" Main- — Machinery Required In 26

" Main— Tools Required In. ... 26

" Main— Tracks In 27

" Small — Locating 17

" Subordinate, Visiting 24

Shop Order for Material {Form) 232, 233

Shopping Locomotives 20

Shop Work, Concentrating — Advantage of 17

Statement of Mileage Made by Each Engineer to Pint of Lub-
ricating Oil {Form) 202, 203

Steam, Supplying Shops With 30

Storehouse, Arrangement of 29

ti

il

l(

INDEX. 261

PAGE

Storekeeper's Monthly Report to the Superintendent of Motive
Power and Machinery of Delayed and Overtime Allowed

Engineers and Firemen (Form) 100, 101

Summary Made by Superintendent of Motive Power and Ma-
chinery for the General Manager of the Total Number of
Men of Each Class of Labor and Wages Paid on Whole Road

(Form) 168, 169

Superintendent of Motive Power and Machinery, Extent of

Expenditures of 17

of Motive Power and Machinery — Methods of

for Observing Equipment 12, 13

of Motive Power and Machinery, Place of in

Organization 19

of Motive Power and Machinery — Sources of

Information of . 10, 11

Switching Locomotive Mileage 246, 247, 249

Tests, Engineer of — Place of in Organization 19

Testing Material 24

Train Dispatcher's Daily Report of Engine Failures (Form) . . 74, 75
" dispatcher's Daily Record of Train Movements (Form) .86, 87

" Mileage 246

" Mileage, Classification of 250

Waste, Preventing 16

Water, Purifying — For Use by Locomotives 21

Weekly Report by the Superintendent of Motive Power and
Machinery to Interested Officials of the Total Number of
Locomotives of Each Class on the Different Divisions (Form)

50,51

Weekly Report by the Superintendent of Motive Power and

Machinery of the Location of Each Locomotive (Form) .... 52, 53
Work Locomotive Mileage 246, 247, 249

Kirkman's Complete Works.

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