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4
COLLINS'S
i^eerage of Cnglanb:
GENEALOGICAL, BIOGRAPHICAL, AND HISTORICAL.
OBEATLY ADOMENTBD, AND CONTINUED TO THE PRESENT TIKE,
SIR EGERTON BRYDGES, K. J.
IN NINE VOLUMES. VOL. II.
LONDON:
rKIMTBD FOK F. C. AITD J. KirtMOTOK, OTIIDOB AND SON, J, iriCBOLt AMD CO. T. PATH!, WILKIB AND XOBIHSOK. J. WaLK», CLAXKX AND aoKlj W. LOWMDS8, R. LBA, J. CUTHBLL, LOKSMAK, HURIT, B|XI, OKMBf AND CO. VBITS, COCHXANE, AVD CO. C. LAW, CADBLL AND DAVIBI, J. BOOI'B, CROIBI AND CO. 1. UVBBAt, J. UAWKXS, J. BOOKBB, B. ICHOLBV, I. HATCBAKD, X. ^LDVIK, CXADOCK AND lOT, J. PAVLDBB, ahLX, CUXTIt A^^ CO. JOHNION AMD CO. AMD O. XOBIMION.
18IS.
I
*■— ^■*»'*«»*— J l> lit!
T. Beiulej, Printer, a«lt Coon, ri«et 8trMt» LoadoB,
CONTENTS TO VOL. 11.
DUKES, (Concluded.)
Sertie, Duke qfjincatter, (since extinctj 1
Bentinck, Duke of Portland 2Q
Montagu, Duke of Manchester 42
Sackville, Duke of Dorset gO
PtUuxm Clinton, Duke of Newcastle 181
Percy, Duke qf Northumberland 21J^
MARQUISES.
Powlett, Marquis of Winchester 367
Grenville Nugent Temple, Marquis qf Buckingham SQO
Petty, JMarquis of Lansdowne 422
Gower, Marquis qfStqffhrd 441
Townshend, Marquis Townshend 454
CecU, Marquis qfSalishury 484
Thynne, Marquis of Bath 4^6
HomiUon, Marquis qf Ahercom '. 513
ComwaJlis, Marquis ComwaUis 637
Seymour, Marquis of Hertford &60
Stuart, Marquis qf Bute 568
CecU, Marquis of Exeter 582
1^ The Reader is requested to turn also to the Addenda at the end of the Volume lor the latest dates* and a few corrections, of every article.
THE
PEEIRAGE OF ENGILANB.
BERTIE, DUKE OF ANCASTER.
It is well known, that the elevation of the Bbrties wai prO' duced bf a ioitunale marriage at tbe close of the reign of Henry VIII. with Katherine, Baroness IfUlimghit/ of Ereslg, widow of Cbarles Brandon, Duke of SuiFolk. *
a ThefcncdoiicalflalicTyof CoUiiuintlutiiKUnceniiet ••mile. Bui I cmoot refiue it > place In thii note.
■■ Thii fimily," uyi Collins, " oripntllrcamfinto EnflandfroinBeni' hnd in FruuU. when the Sixons flrsi invaded ihii naiion ; ud by the girt ofoncof the Sucid Kingi lad a castle, ind alKia town, which w^ denooii* sued from Ihem Beninlad,* now BGnled, near Uaidllone Id Kent; Stcd ■sd Slad detxilini, in the Saian linguacc, a xovn''-~.Uit/i>rrMiuiieij, tanumii vtn Jirrvtdfrtm flam mmd mtl impatJ on tttm.
" It appean* from in old nunuicriplin the Cotton library, that Lia> FA LD de Bertie iru con*table of Dover caiile in the reign of King Elbelted \ from whom deacended HiiaoHi Hui de Bertie, founder, or it ieut a great bciKfactor to one of the monastcrie* in Kent, the noith part of which hg built at bit own mpeocc, and himself vrai btuied in a chapel there, wberf tboeainu were put up against a pillar, <ix Tim BaiitrlMg Aamiin Fait,
" The taid Leopald' quurelling wilb the (nanki of Si. Auilin at Can' lerbory, about tylhei, and the monks endeavouring to carry them off by fore* of anni, ■ fight began, wherein a son of Leopald's was (lain) of which h<
I Phiipet'iSiurey of Kent' « Ex Collect Rob. Glerer, Sotib
t , PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.
Thomas Bertie, Esq. was captain of Hurst Castle iir the Itfe of Wight, the latter end of the reign of Henrj VII. and wa* living in the reign of Edward VI. as appears in a grant of hit' arms and crest, bearing date July 10th, 1550, by Thomas Hawley, Clarenceux King of Arms ; wherein he certifies, '' that he was descended of an house undefamed, was then captain of Hurst Castle for the King's Majesty, and had of a long time used him^ self in feats of arms and good works } so that he was worthy in all places of honour to be admitted, numbered and taken in the company of other nobles, &c.'* By his wife, a daughter of ... . Say, of the county of Salop, he had issue, Richard,^ who had his education first in Census Christi college, Oxon, of which house he was fellow, and afterwards under Ihomaa Wriothesly, Earl of Southampton, Lord High Chancellor of England j ^ and
complained to the Kikig, biit receiving no satisfaction, he flew for aid to Swain* King of the Danes, who invaded the kingdom with a powerful fleet, which was divided into two squadrons, one steering towards Northumberland, and the other for Kent, where they joined Leopald's forces, and laid siege to Canter* bury, which th^ took in the year 1014, leading the archbishop away captive- But Swain dying, the scale soon turned, for Ethelred miserably persecuted the Danes, andBuasAeH Bertie, the only surviving son ofLeopaid, con- scious of his father's actions, went to Robot, King of France, who received him honourably, and taking to wife a French woman, settled there, where ha posterity continued till the year 1154, when Philip Bertie, with his family, accompanied Henry II. into England, and by that Prince's favour, recovered his patrimony in Bersted.
** This PMIip had issue « Ma ar i m, who was father of Rova a t, who had issue William, who had issue Edward, who was father of Jaaoiia Berrie, who lived at Bersted aforesaid, in the reign of Henry V.
*' This Jerome, one Sunday in Lent, hearing a monk in a chuicK exclaiming against the murder occasioned by his ancestor, rushed in upon him, and slew him ( for which rash act he was excommvnicated by the archbishop, from which be could not be absolved at any rate ; so he went to Rome^ where be obtained absolution, with thb injunction, viz * To hear, in the monastery of Canterbury, mass publicly on a Sunday 1 then to ask first of the archbishop, and then of the monks, pardon ; then to be absolved, and receive the sacrament, and to give to the convent two pieces of gold, as the fruit of his repentance, and for the souls of his ancestors.' He afterwards became a benefactor, by new building, at his own charge, their church, by which fas my author saith) he nmch impaired his fortune on earth, but by it he obtained a greater in heaven* ** To this Jerome • succeeded Roaaar de Bertie, his son and heir, who had issue a son of his own name, father of Wr l liak, who by his wife, a
daughter of Piepper, had issue Thomas Bertie, of Bersted in Kent, Esq.
k Hist, and Anfiq Ozod. lib. i. p. 176. a. c Hoilinsh. p. 1143.
* Ex Collect. Rob. Glover, Som. < Ibid.
DUKE Of ANCASTER. S
hi&tig mflgdlarlf accompJuhed and learned in the French, Italian, and Latin tongoes, he gained the affections of Catherine, widow of Gharies Brandon, Doke of Saffolk. She wai, in her own right, Bakohess Willougbbt op £kb8BT, being daughter and sob heir of William Willoughby, the last Lord Willonghby of Eresby, of his simame, as will be shewn under that title« But this Lady being most zealous for the reformation, in the rdgn of Edward VI. Stephen Gardiner, after that he was restored by Queen Maiy to his bishoprick of Winchester, <^ sent for this Richard Bertie her husband, in the first year of her reign, and amongst some qoestioDs touching his religion, asked^ '^ Whether the Lady^ his . wifo> was now as ready to set up mass as she had been to pull it down, when in her progress she caused a dog in a rochet to be carried, and called by his name ?" Whereupon being advertised by his ^ends, that the bishop meant to call the Duchess, his wife, to an account for her foith ; and foreseeing the danger, he pro* cored the Queen's licence to travel beyond sea,.* under colour of looking after such debts as were due from the Emperor to the late Duke of Suffolk, his Lad/s former husband. And having obtained it, passed the seas at Dover, in June the same year, 1554, leaving her behind; who, in January following, went disguised from her house in Barbican, London ; and passing ' to Leigh in Essex, privately took shipping, and after much danger at sea, met her husband at Santon in Cleveland, where, after some stay, dis- cerning that they were like to be questioned for their religion by the bishop of Arras, they were necessitated to haste away on foot with her daughter, a child, and two of the servants, to Wesel, « Hanse Town in the Duchy of Cleveland } but being got thither^ extremely weather-beaten with rain, and going from inn to inn to obtain lodging, it was refused them, by reason he was suspected for a lance knight, and she his mistress t resolving therefore to get shelter in the church porch, and to buy coals to warm them there, in their way, hearing two young men speak Latin, he en* quired of them in that language, where they might go to some Walloon's house, and were happily brought where Mr. Petusel lodged, who had formerly received some courtesies in England from this Duchess. By his means being kindly entertained, they changed apparel with the good man and his wife, and after hired a house in that town, having got a protection from the magistrates for their stay there 5 and here the Duchess being brought to bed
* Hollinsh p. 1144. * Ibid. p. 1142. f Ibid. p. 114^, 1144
4 PEEBAO£ OF ENOLAKD.
of ft son, October 12tb, 1555, he, by reasoa of his birtb ki th«t eoantry, was christened Peregrine.
But when they thoaght themseWes faappiPyr aetfled^ intelligence was sent to Mr. BerHe, that it had been contrived in England to seize them there 5 whereby they were obliged on a sudden to haste to a s town called Winheim^ in the Palsgrave's dominions, where they staid till their necessaries began to fail;- and then k providentially happened, that Sigismond II. King of Pofeiild, hearing of their distress, invited them into his country.
Tb«y set forth from.Winheim in April 1557, but in their way underwent divers great hardships, with no little danger of their lives' by the Landgrave's soldiers j who by reason of a quarrel for a spaniel, which they had along with them, thrust boar-spears Into the waggon where the Onchess with her' children and the other women were, and, upon pursuit of her husband into a village, had murdered him, but that he forsook his horse, and ran up a ladder set to a garret window, near the top of an house. By which meam escaping their sudden fury, one of the burgh masters came to hira^ and brought another person who could speak Latin; to whom submitting himself, he presently dispatched letters to the Earl of Erbagh (dwelling within eight miles) who, thereupon repairing thither, shewed them such respect as properly belonged to persona of their quality. And seeing the EarPs . behaviour to them, the authors of the fray got off, and made all the friends they could to them, not to report their usage in the worst manner. After which they passed on qmetly towards Poland, where they received courteous entertainmeBl firom the King, and were ho- nourably placed in the Earldom of Crozan in Saaogela; in which place having the absolute power of governing, they continued in great quietness and honour till the death of Queen Mary,- and then returned into England.
In j6 Elizabeth, waiting on the Queen to Cambridge, when the university, for five days>, entertained her with comedies, tra- gedies, and oratbns, Mr, Bertie had then the degree of master of arts conferred on him.
He died in the sixty-fourth year of his age, on April gth, 1582, as the inquisition taken ^ after his decease, August I4tb, 24 Elizabeth, at Bourne in Lincolnshire, sets forth, and was pos« aessed of one third of the monastery of Vawdie, alias Valdy, the
t Hollinsh. p. 1145. f Cole's Ek. lib 4 p. 64 N. 6t. A. 15- in Bibl. Hariey-
DUKE OF ANCASTER. 5
manors of Edenhani^ and Scottlethorp, and rector/ of Fcdston^ the iordsbip and manor of Withcalle^ with divers messuagesi &c. a messuage called the scite of the manor of Davbney, and divers messuages, &c. in Wottral^ WilHngham North, and South WiU lingham* and elsewhere^ in the county of LincolQ. He survived his Duchess^ who > deceased on September igth, ]580; and -was buried ^ at Spilsby in Lincolnshire^ leaving issue by him an only son. Peregrine Bertie, before mentioned, and a daughter, Susan, ' married to Reginald Grey> Earl of Kent, and surviving him, to Sir John Wingfield.
Which PsREGtfiNB, in the first of Elizabeth, "> was naturalized and made a free denizen, the patent bearing date August 2d, 1559. »
On the death of bis mcther, he claimed the dignity and title pf Lord fFUlojuLghhy of Ereshy, wearing his mourning apparel at
i F F in ol&:.ann. p. 271.
k Harl. MSS. No 6829 p. 90. in Brit. Museum.
I Cat. of Nob. by R- Brooke. "^ Pat. i Eliz- p. 2. m. 7.
" Of his birth in the church porch of Willebiode in Wesd, Germany, we jMve these further testimonials.
A copy of the register of the city of Wesel, concerning the birth of the Ai^t Honourable PaasoaiNs Biktix, Lord WiLLoucHBYof Erisby, bom there the lath of October, 15 $5-
We the Buffomasters* Aldennent and counsellors of the city of Wesel in the Duchy of Cleve, certify by these presents, that in the register of this city js found entered the following account, the acth of November, x 555.
Anno i partu VirgiocorestitutSB salutis per Christum millesimo quingen- fcsimo quinquagesimo quinto, qui fuit Anmts \ Mundi exordio quinquies mil* iesimus, quingentisimtts vigesimus teitius, ab innovatfl ver6 Doctrinft Evan« geiy per Dominum Martinum Lutherum trigesimus octavus, die Saturni qui crat duodecimus Mensis Octobris, lUustrissima Domina Catharina Baronissa de Willoughbyf Ductssa Su£R>lci9, in Anglkano Regno, Uxor lUustrissimi Prindpis Domini Richardi Bertie d' Ereshy ex Anglift, in hac nostra Urbc Veialiensi Ducatvs CUvensis (Oivind obstetricante«ratift) Filium peperit, qui Die Lunse ^ partu proximo dedmo quarto. Videlicet, ejusdem Mensis in Templo nostro suburbano (vulgo Upter Mathena) Sacrosancto Baptismate per Henricum Bomelium ejusdem Ecclesise suscepto Psrecrinus vocatus est ; e6 quod in Terrft PcregrinA, pro Consolatione exiiij sui Piis Parentibus d Do- mino donatQS sit.
Postulatum t$l referri in Annates.
In the testimcmy of which we have put the common^ seal of our city hereunto, at the request of the honourable Mr. Charles Bertie, envoy extraor- dinary from his Majesty of Great Britain to the Electors, and other Princes of Ccrmaoy* at his passage through this city ; and have cau:»ed our clerk to ^ign the same in the place of out secretary lately deceased.
Given at Wesel the 18th of January, 1681.
(LSj Qoor.Naraw, Secretarij defuoicti Amanueasisy
6 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.
her funeral in all points as a Baroil ® ? and was by Queen Eliza* beth admitted to the dignity of Lord WiUovghy, and to tbe place and integrity of honour thereunto belonging (his father then living) on Friday November 11th, 1580^ by the mouth of 8ir William Cecil, Knight, Lord Burleigh, Lord High Treasurer of England ) Thomasi Earl of Sussex, Lord High Chamberlain i and Robert, Earl of Leicester, who by her Majesty's assignment had before he^rd and seen the petition, and proofs exhibited and shewed by the said Peregrine, for the same dignity of Lord Wii- loughby of Eresby 5 and were, after report made unto her Ma- jesty of his right and title to the same, commanded by her Ma- jesty to declare unto him the sa^d Peregrine, ^hat, according to
Likewise this Inscription is placed at the East entrance of the porch of
the church of St. MTillcbrode in Wcstl. ' '
■ . > «
Aiyio Dom. i55(, lao Octobrit In hoc Eocleti» Vesalien«is Propyl^o natus est, ideoq s appellatus PsaiGaiNus BiaTiB, ^vo Wt L LOupHBY de Eresby in Regno Anglivt Domini Ricaboi BiaTii et Cathariva Ducissae Sufibldip Ftiius, Qui Conjugali inter se, et pii erga Deum Fide insigneSf Ob Professionem Reiigionis I Papismo repurgatse Spomc ex Anglift profugeruat, Maria Regnante^ A. O. MDLIII. Idsm Paaao&iirus BsitTia, Postea Regnante Elisabbtha A D MDLXXXVIII. Coplaium Aiiglicanun in Fcpdento Bdgio Sub Fdicisstmis iUius Rbgiji a Auspidis MiUtantium Locum Tbnbits GaNBaALisconatitutusesty Et Posteros deinpeps rdiquit* Qui etiamnum inclareicunt Titulo Comitum de Lindsey, et Jure HMcditario Magnorum AngUe Camerariomin*
Hunc Lapidem
Altera paithn vetustate ezeio* partim IfUitum tI fraeto»
InitauiBYit Cabolus Bbrtib
MoMTAcuTi ComitisdeLiMDSBY FiliuSyCt
Serenissimi D. C a ro l i Secundi Magme Britamuae Regis
Adplerosq; Sac. Rom. iMPaaii Elbctobbs Aliosq i Gennanlc Prindpet Ablegmtut Extraordinarius.
A. D. MDCLXXX.
• Ex Collect* Dom. Gul. Le Neve, Claren '"\ Bibl. T'*'* *-sti8. Am. Not. B- ai.
DUKE OF ANCASTER. 7
bis lig^tt her pleasure was, that be should be named and called liOrd Willoughby, and be placed, reputed, and taken Lord Wil- loQghbf, of Eresby, which they did in the star-chamber the day and year aforesaid, even as they were ready to sit down to dinner there: and at the same time placed the said Peregrine, Lord WiUoDgfaby, at the table with them» according to his degree^ above divers other Barons which dined with them at the table, and did all of them drink to him by the name of Lord Willoughby. And on Monday., January l6th following, he took his seat in parliament, next unto the Lord Zooch of Harringworth.
In 1582, he, i' with other nobles, by the Queen's command, attended the Duke of Anjou to Antwerp, who had staid in England three months in hopes of gaining her in marriage ; and, before the end of that year, was 1 sent to Frederic IL King of Denmark, with the ensigns of the order of the garter. In 29 Elizabeth, at the siege of Zotphen, in the Netherlands, ' on a sharp encounter with the forces of that garrison, he overthrew George Cressiak, at that time commander in chief of the hone, and took him prisoner. The year after, on the recess of the Earl of Leicester, he was made * general of the English auxiliaiy forces in the united provinces, and most valiantly defended Bergen-op* jBoom, besieged by the Prince of Parma, who was obliged to raise the siege, notwithstanding he had deenied it incapable of holding out any time. In 32 Elizabeth, he was ^ sent general of 4000 auxiliaries into France, in aid of the King of Navarre, who, in a letter which he wrote to Queen Elizabeth, says, '' You may. Madam, be entirely satisfied, that I have been so effectually served by your troops, and have had sach convincing proofs of the good conduct and courage of the Lord Willoughby, who is worthily seconded by all the other gentlemen your subjects here, that they more and more do honour to your judgment in your choice of them, and encrease the obligations I lie under already to your Majesty/'
His Lordslup being at the Spa in Germany for the recovery of his health, at the time when an invasion was expected to be made upon these kingdoms by Spain, the Queen wrote him the follow* ing letter.
9 Camden's Annals. 4 Stfyw*$ Annals, p. Cq^.
' Ibkt. p. 736. * Ryoier's Fcsd. Tom p. XVI. p. 14.
* Camdea's Aanals*
B PEERAGE OF ENClLAiaD.
Good Pbrborinb, ^ We are not a little glad that b^ yoor journey yoa have re« Ceived such good fruit of amendme&t i especially wbeo we coa^r aider bow great a vexation it is to a mind devoted to actions of honour, to be restrained^ by any indisposition of body, from folr lowing those courses^ which, to your own reputation, and oat great satisfaction, you have formerly performed. And therefore as we most now (out of our desire of your well doing) chiefly eojoyoe you to an especial care to encrease and continue your health, which most give life to all your best endeavours; so w^ next as seriously recomqiend to you this consideration, that la these times, when there is such an appearance, that we shall have the trial of our best and noble subjects, you seem not to afiect the satisfaction of your own private contentation, beyond, the attends fing on that which nature and doty challcnbfith from all persona of your quality and profession. For if necessarily (your health of body being recovered) you should elloigne yourself by residence there from those employments, whereof we shallr have too good store, you shall not so much amend the state of your body, as baply you shall call in question the reputation of your mind and judgment, even in tbp opinion of those that love you^ and arc best acquainted with your disposition and discretion.
Interpret this our plainness, we pray you, to an extraordinary estimation of you, for it is not common with us to deal so freely with many ; and believe that you shall ever find us both ready and willing on all occasions, to yield you the fruits of that interest, which your endeavours have purchased for you in our opinion and estimation. Not doubting, -but when you have with mode- ration piade trial of the succesbes of these your sundrie peregri'r nations, you will find as great comfort to spend your .days at home, as heretofore you have done; of which we do wish you lull mea<» sure, howsoever you shall have cause of abode or return* Given under our signet at our manor of Nonesuch, the seventh of Ocv |obcr 1394, in the thirty-seventh year of our reign.
Your most loving Sovereign,
E.R,
And being governor of Berwick, makes his will there, August ^tb, iSgg, bequeathing his body to he buried in the parish church of Spilsby in com. Line, and dying in 16O], w^s there buried, a# is evident from a monument erected to his memory.
DUKE OF ANCASTER. 9
** My Lord Willoaghby/' lays Naunton^ " was one of the CtaeeDcs first swordsmeo : he was of the antient extract of the fiutewesy bat morv enobled . by his mother^ who was Dnches of ^ofibik. He was a great master of the art military^ and was sent Oeiienll into France^ and commanded the second army of five the Qaeene had sent thither in aid of the French, I have heard it spoken that had he not slighted the courts but applied himself Id die Queene^ he might .have enjoyed a plentifiill portion of her grace < and it was his saying, and it did him no good^ that he was none of the fieptilia, intimating that he cooid not creepe on the gnmnd^ and that the court was not his element: for indeed he was a gpreat soldier, so he was of a suitable magnanimitie, and could not brooke the obsequiousness and assiduitie of the court; and as he was then somewhat descending from youth, happily he had an a nam levertenti^ and to make a safe le-. treat/'
His last testament is very memorable, as follows :
*' ^ In the name of the blessed divine trynitie in persons, and of onmipotent uoitye in godhead, who created, redeemed and sanctified me, whom I steadfiistlye beleeve will glorifie this sinf ull cormptyble and fieshely bodye with etemall happiness, by a jqye^ lid resurrection at the general judgment, when by his incompre- hensible justice and mercye having satisfied ^r my sinfull soule, and stored it uppe in bis heavenly treasure, his almightie voyce shall call all fieshe to be joined together with the soule to ever«> lasting oomfiirt or discomforte. In that holy name I Peregrin Bertye, Knighte, Lord Willoughbie of Willoughbie, Bceke, and Eresbie, in perfisot healthe and remembrance, and considering the firayltie of man, and the incertentye howe shorte and eviU his dayes be, and intending to establishe and dispose theis worldely henefytts that God hath lent me, to the oomforte and advant^e of sodi children as jGod hath blessed me withall, hoping that they my said chilldren will nourish and mayntaine all brotherly kind- ness, love and afiectyon betweene themselves^ considering the miseiy division bringeth in all estates of this hatefiiU worlde, styll to the worse dedyning. Now I the said Lord Willoughbie make and declaie this my laste wyll'and testament, as followeth :
'' He orders his body to be buried in the church of Spilsby in the county of Liocdo, observing christian conveniency, and avoid- ing superfluous charge. He. bequeaths to his son Peregrine fiertic
'« ^i Regxit in Cur Preroy df^- vootf*. Woodhslly qu $t
10 P£ERAG£ OF ENGLAND.
his manor of Wbeatacre borough^ in the oounti^ of Nofiblk and Suffolk^ with the appurtenances to him and the heira male of his bodj, as also all his messuages, lands, &c. with appurtenancea. known by the name of WiUonghby Eents, scitoate in Barbucan and Goldtng Lane in London, to enjoy the same after the death of his sister Susan Conntess of Kent
'' He bequeaths to bis son Henry Bertie, the manor of Ftil- stowe, Beek, and Arseik in the county of Ltnooln, for two yean after his decease^ and the manor of Wythegall for life, and after to his heirs mde, and. the manor of Hanby in com. Line, for sixty years, and Willoogfaby parsonage for life.
'' Tb Vere Bertie his son, diverse lands and tenements in several manors for his life.
*' To Roger his son, so much of his demesnes c^ his manor of Gosberton, as are in the occupation of Henry Valentine, and diverse other lands^ &c. for life.
** And whereas a marriage was concluded between his only daughter Catharine and Charles Sheffield, Esq. son and heir of the Lord Sheffidd, who was to have with her a portion of 4000 L he bequeaths the said 4000/. to be divided between his said four younger sons, if so be she died before the marriage was consum- mated (which said marriage took up effect, the said Charles Sheffield, Esq. dying.)
** He bequeaths to Edward Lord Zouch, Robert Lord Rid^ Sir Drew Drury, and Sir John Pe3rton of Baupre-Hall, Knights* his manors of Grimsthorp, with the park, &c. Toynton and the park, Stickford, Allfbrd, with the royalties thereof, lately bought of Mr. Hanby; the manor of Well, the manor of Eresby. with the east park and west park, tlie manor of Spilsby, and Skidbrokc^ with Saltfleet haven* Friskney, certain lands inEarebie, Hundjeby and Rathebie j the lastieige of Sherbecks, two parks of the demesne lands of Valdye, als. Vaudye, with the woods^ warren of conies, and certain lands inclosed ; the new park of Grimsthorp, with divers other lands adjacent ; the third part of his great mansioa bouse called Willoughby House in Barbican, and all his other lands, &c. not before devised. To bold dudng the minority of hia son and heir Robert Bertie, and on his decease withoat issuer during the minority of his other sons.
'* Moreover, he in most humble and dutifol manner desired her most gracious Majesty, that in some respect of his loyal and ready heart always to do her all faithful service, it would pleasa her Majesty to grant the education and wardship of his son and
DUKE OF ^NCASTER. U
bar, and one lease of her Majesty's third part of his lands during his nonage to the said Lord Zooch^ kc, whereby her Majesty would nx>st royally respect his long and affectionate service towaxds her. And for a small remembrance of his loyalty and duty which he had always observed toward her Majesty^ he de- sires she would accept of a cup of gold to the value of 100/. or some jewels of that value« as may best content her^ and best re- present the loyalty of his heart. He ordains his son Robert Bertie sole executor, and the Lord 2k>uch, &c. supervisors to his aaid son, and to administer in his behalf, till such age as by law lie can take upon him to be executor. And ordains Sir Robert Cecil the only overseer, to whom he gives two of his best horses, at his election. Dated at Berwick, 7th August, 159O.**
In a paper schedule annexed to his will, made at the same time, ''he gives to bis son Peregrine seventeen pieces of hang- ings brought out of the Low Countries^ then at Berwick^ as also A carnation cloth of silver, bed, chairs, &c. belonging to it 5 a yellow velvet bed, a watchitt field-bed embroidered with hair- coloured velvet ! and orders the rest of his hangings, &c. at Ber- wick brought from London and £resby, should be sent to the same places for the use of his eldest son, together with his plate and silver vessels.
'* He also leaves to his son Robert for a token, the chain of gold with the Palsgrave's figure to it set with diamonds, which was given him by the said Palsgrave,
** To his son Peregrine all his books at Berwick and Eresby, and half of his library at London; but his whole library at Grimathorp, the other half^f that at London, and all hi» goods not bequeathed^ to his son Robert 5 and was bountiful to every of his servants."
He concludes, '' Thus acknowledging myself most bound onto God, that neither made me abound with worldly trashe^ nor yet suppressed nie with poverty ; expecting richer joys that never £ule in his hiest kingdom, whereunto, through his mercy, I have by the scale of &ythe set forwaide on foot, and apparently dis« cemed the difference betweene heaven and earthe, and so appre* hended sted&stly the joyes of the one by that i have temporally here observed. For I am sure my Redeemer lyveth^ and he shall stand the last upon the earthe, and thoughe afler wormes destroy this body, yet shall I see God in my fleshe, whome I myself shall see, and myne eyes shall behoplde^ and no other for me^ though
12 P££RAG£ OF ENGLAND.
my rejDCS are consumed within me. So to hU mercy I commend jroa a]]^ beloved race, and frendes.*'
His Lordship married Maiy, daughter to John Vere, Earl of Oxford^ sister and heir of the whole blood to Edward seventeenth Earl of Oxford^ and left issue by her^ who died in l624, five sons^ and a daughter Catharine, married to Sir Lewis Watson of Rockingham Castle in the county of Northampton, afterwards Lord Rockingham. The eldest son was Robert, who succeeded his. father. Peregrine^ the second son, at the creation of Henry Prince of Wales> June 2d, l6lO^ was by a bill signed with the King's own hand, appointed to repair to Durham House, * and was made one of the Knights of the Bath. He died aged sixty- five, in 1640^ (and by Margaret his wife, daughter of Nicholas Sauoderson, Viscount Castleton, left issue Nicholas Bertie, of St. Martin's in the Fields^ Westminster, Esq. who died .... January, 167], and by his wife Mary, daughter of Edward Ray bone, of Chard in com. Somers. had issue Peregrine Benie, Esq. bom January 14th, 1655, and died in 1721, leaving issue Peregrine^ from whom the Berties of Low Layton in Es8ex,r were descended.) Henry, the third son, married Dorothy, daughter of ... . Corbet of Clipston in Rutlandshire, and was ancestor to the Berties of Lound in Lincolnshire. Vere, and Roger, the other sons, died without issue.
RoBBKT, the eldest son, first Earl, in the first of James I. mzkm ing his claim to the Earldom of Oxford, as also to the title of Lonl Bulbeck, Sandford, and Badlefinere, and to the office of Lord High Chamberlain of England, as son and heir to Mary, the sole daughter of that great family, * (as before noted) after much dispute, had judgment on bis behalf for the office of Lord High Chamberlain ; and the same year took his seat above all the Barons. On January 5th, 1 604-5, he^ was with Charles Duke of Albany (aRer Charles L) and ten others, made Knights of the Bath. On No. ven^r a2d, 1626, the 2d of Charles L he was advanced to the dignity of Earl of Lindsey. The preamble to his patent redtes, that the King, in consideration of the merits of Robert Lord Wil*
* Anstit.on Knighthoocl of the Btth^ p. 6t, 6».
' Mary, daughter and coheir of Peregrine Bertie, Esq, of Low Layton in Essex, was married, June 26th, 1782. to Samuel Lichigaray, Esq-
x He claimed as heir of the vfho/e blood, there being nearer heirs of thf Jka(f blood.
• Anstts on Knighthood of the Bath) 410. p 69*
DUKE OF ANCASTBH. 13
loaghby of WilloaghbjikBeake, and Eresby^ Lord Great Cfaam^' berlain of England ; and that he is a man^ the brave son of a most noUe and galiant father, and of great loyalty to us : and also hovr much he merited by his services to us, when in Dennsark and Norway, and commander of the forces in the United Provinces ; where he behaved as a valiant Knight fit for command, and crowned his high birth, with virtue, wisdom, and sweetness of behaviour. Also remembering his hereditary right to the office of Lord High Chamberlain of England, devolved upon him from Robert de Vere, his next cousin and heir ; and as that place in the earliest times was enjoyed by no person, under the degree of an Earl, he creates him Eakl of Livdsbt. And four years after he was elected a Knight of the roost noble order of the Garter : on November28th, next year, 1631, was made Constable of England, for the trial of the Lord Rea, and David Ramsqr, in the court militaiy -, but his patent was revoked 20 Maij after.
In the 11th of Charles I. he was constituted Lord High Ad- miral of England; and in 1639, on the Scots taking arms, he was made governor of Berwick. Also in June l642, being chosen general of the King's forces at the breaking out of the civil war, he, on October 23d following, received his death*s wound in his Majesty's service, at the battle of Edge Hill in the county of War- wick, and was brought prisoner to Warwick Castle, where he died the same night, aged sixty years, and was buried at Eden- ham in com. Line. The Earl of Clarendon gives him this cha- racter r '' He was, says he, a man of great honour, sind sf^nt the youth and vigour of his age in military actions, and commands abroad ; Bnd albeit he indulged to himself great liberties of life, yet he still preserved a very good reputation with all men, and a very great interest in his country, as appears by the supplies he and his son brought to the King's army -, the companies of his own regiment of foot being commanded by the principal knights and gentlemen of Lincolnshire, who engaged themselves in the fcrvice principally out of their personal affection to him. He was of a very generous nature, and punctual in what he undertook, and in exacting what was due to him ; which made him bear that restriction so heavily, which was put upon him by the commission granted to Prince Rupert, and by the King's preferring the Prince's opinion in all matters relating to the war before his. Nor did he conceal his resentment ; for the day before the battle he said to soaie friends with whom he had used freedom, that he did dot look upon himself as general ; aiKi therefore he was resohned.
14 P££RAG£ OF ENGLAND.
when the day of battle sbonld codie^ that he would be at thd head of his Fegiment as a private coloDel, where he would die. He was carried out of the field to the next village (and if them could have been a surgeon procured^ it was thought his womid woald not have proved mortal) ^ and as soon as the other armj- was composed^ bj the coming on of the night, the Earl of Essex about midnight sent Sir William Balfour, and some other officers to see him^ and meant himself to visit him. They &und him upon a little straw, in a poor house, where they had laid him in his blood, which had run from him in great abundance. He said, he was sorry to see so many gentlemen (some whereof were his old friends) engaged in so foul a rebellion ^ wishing them to tell the Earl of Essex, that he ought to throw himself at the King'* feet to beg his pardon j which, if he did not speedily do, his me- mory would be odious to the nation ', and continued this kind of discourse with such vehemence, that the officers by degrees with- drew themselves, and prevented the visit the Earl of Essex in- tended him, who only sent him the best surgeons , but in the very opening of his wounds he died before morning, by the loss of blood. He had very many friends, and few enemies, and died generally lamented."
He married Elizabeth, only child of Edward the firet Lord Montagu of Bougbton in com. Northampton, (by Elizabeth h« first wife, daughter and heir to Sir John Jeffinies of Shillingley, in Sussex, Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer, by Elizabeth his wife, daughter and heir of John Ansley, Esq.) and by her, who died November 30th, 1654, and was buried at Weekeley in Northamptonshire, had eight sons and five daughters.
First, Montagu, his saccessor.
Second, Roger, Knight of the Bath at the coronation of Charles L married Ursula, daughter and heir of Sir Edward Lawley of Wenlock, in the county of Salop, Knight, and dying October 15th 1654, left a son Robert, who died in Angust 1698, without issue.
Third, Sir Peregrine was of Eveden in com. Line, in right of his wife Anne, daughter and coheir of Daniel Hardeby, or Hardby, of the same place, Esq. and left issue an only daughter and heir Elizabeth, married to William, Lord Widdrington. The said Peregrine, and his wife, lie buried in the church of Eveden, where they have a monument erected to their memoiy, but without spe** cifying when they died. According to Anthony k Wood, in his Athens Oxon. Sir Peregrine bad a daughter married to Robert
DUKE OF ANC ASTEK. i5
Lensa, doctor of the civil law> who was a captain in the service of Charles I. and Charles II. and was banged at London, on Jul 7 I8th, 1650, for having blank commissions in bis custody from the latter, but does not niention her having another husband : how* ever, if Sir Peregrine had no other daughter than Elizabeth, it is evident from the computation of time, that her second marriage was with Widdrington.
Fourth^ Francis, was captain of horse, and killed in the King's sendee in Ireland, in 1641.
Fifth, Robert, bom on January 1st, 1619, was Fellow of Sidney College, Cambridge, whence he was ejected by the Earl of Manchester, on April 1644, for his loyalty to King Charles L but after the restoration of Charles II. was secretary to the comr missioners of the customs, died in 1704,^ and is burled at Bark- ing in Essex 5 having had three wives, first, Alice, daughter of Richard Barnard, Esq. and widow of Francis Osbaston of Bee* hive, ^lo the parish of Barking, in Essex; she died 1677; second, Elizabeth, second daughter of Sir Thomas Bennet, of Baberhan is Cambridgeshire, Knight; and, third, Mary, daughter of Robert Halsey, of Great Gaddesden in Hertfordshire, Esq. and relict of John Crosby, Esq. By an inscription in the church of St. Giles in the fields, London, it appears, that this Robert was an inhabi* last of that parish, and that he gave 50/. to the church wardens, enjoining the Interest thereof to be distributed for ever in bread to the poor of the same parish, I2d. worth on every Sunday in the year; and on every New year*s day 6^. if on a Sunday, other- wise 4s, and on the last day of August. This benefaction took place 1st of January, 16J7'
. Sixth, Henry, was a captain of horse, and lost his life in the King's service at the battle of Newberry.
Seventh, Vere, died unmarried at Newport in com. Essex : and
Eighth, Edward Bertie, bom October 17th« 1624, died De- cember 25th, 1686, and was buried at Richmond in Surry ; he married Jane, ^ daughter of Francis Rogers, of Maidencroft in the county of Hertford, Esq. The five daughters were.
First, Catharine, married to Sir William Paston of Oxnead in
^ Lysont says i70i> aged eighty four, c See Lysoos's Environs, vol- iv. p. 88. 4 Edmondson's Baronagium Gencalogicum.
16 PEERAGE OF ENOLAND.
the coQoty of Norfolk^ Bart, she died^ 3 cal. Jan. l6f6^ and. it buried at Oznead. «
Second, Elizabeth, to Sir Miles Stapleton of Carlton In oom. Ebor. Knight, and died 28th February 1663.
Third, Anne, who died unmarried, and was buried in St. Michael's chapel in Westminster Abbey, March 22d, l660.
Fourth, Sophia, wedded to Sir Richard Chaworth, Knigbt, LL. D. she died 20th December l689» aged scTcnty-two, and b buried at Richmond in Surry, where a monument is erected to her memory.
Fifth, Mary, married to John Hewitt, D. D. who was be- headed for his lojralty to Charles I. and after to Sir Abraham Shipman, Knight.
Sir Montagu, theeldest son, second Earl, in l639> was captain of the King's guards, in the army raised to march against the Scots, and waited on his Majesty in that expedition ; and was in the battle of Edge-hill, Oct. 23, l642, where he commanded the King's royal regiment of guards ; and being near his valiant ftther, and seeing him wounded and taken prisoner, was moved with such filial piety, that he voluntarily yielded himself to a commander of horse on thC" rebels' side, to be near and attend him. The King was so much affected with the loss of thu nobleman's father, and his imprisonment, that, a few days after the battle, be wrote the following letter with his own hand, directed to the Earl of Lindsey, Lord High Chamberlain of England.
lilNDSBT,
You cannot be more sensible, as I believe, of your Ather'i loss, than myself ; bis death confirming the estimation I had pf him. As for yourself, the double sufferings you have had for my sake, both in your father's person and your own, puts upon me the stricter obligation, not only to restore you to your liberty, now unjustly detained from you, but also to shew the world by my actions how really I am
Your assured and constant friend, Ayno, 27th October l642. ChabXtEs R«
Being afterwards exchanged, he resolutely adhered to the King's service, and courageously commsnded the regiment of
e PaTkins*8 Continuation of the History of Norfolki foil. 701 ; and Fcqn'v i^aston Letten.
DUKE OF ANCASTEK. ^7
guardB in several battles, as at Newberr}', Cropredy, Lestwitbiel, besides other places ^ also in that fatal battle of Naseby, where be was wounded ; and bad a share in all the misfortunes of that King, being one of the gentlemen of his royal bedchamber^ and of his privy-KX)tinciI, attending him even to the tixae his Majesty put himself into the hands of the Scots. At the treaty in the Isle of Wight, the King sent §ot him to be one of his commis- sioners and advisers.
When his Lordship understood that the rebels intended to put their Sovereign to death, he, with the Duke of Richmond, the Marquis of Hertford, and the Earl of Southampton, generously offered themselves sacrifices for his Majesty's safety, as having been, by their office of privy counsellors, the advisers of the measures imputed to him as criminal : and after his Majesty's murder, they obtained licence to attend his interment at Windsor. ' After that, he compounded for his estate at 647/. 13f. Od, ^ with 300/.' per aon. settled on the teachers of those (imes. He afterwards lived privately, expecting and endeavouring the re- storation of monarchy, and episcopacy : which being effected. King Charles II. swore him of his privy-council, and constituted him Lord Lieutenant and Gustos Rotulorum of the county of Lincoln, € July iGth, \660, and Gustos Rotulorum of Oxford- shire/ on August 20th, following. He was elected a Knight of the most noble order of the Garter, '^ at a chapter held at White- hal)> April ist, 1661 ; and was * installed at Windsor, April I5tb following.
Lord Glarendon saysy *^ he desired his Highness (the Duke) to put the King in mind of the Earl of Lindsey, Lord High Chamberlain of England," (with whom he was known to have no friendship ; oH the contrary, that there had been disgusts be- tween them in the last King*s time;) '' that his father had lost his life with the garter about his neck, when this gentleman, his son> endeavouring to relieve him, was taken prisoner; that he bad served the King to the end of the war with courage and fide- lity, bdng an excellent officer : for all which the King his father bad admitted him a gentleman of his bedchamber, which office he was now without : and not to have the garter now upon his
' List of Compounders* Edit 1655, in Letter L. ■ Bill Signat. 11 Can 1 1. * Sir Edward Walker's Hist. Account of Knifflits of the Garter, USv p. 38. * Ibid, p 47-
TOL. If. €
18 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.
Majesty's return, would in all men's eyes look like a degradation, and an instance of bis Majest/s disesteetn $ especially if the Chan- cellor should supply his plaott, who waa not thought his friend :" and upon the whole matter^ entreated the Duke '* to reserve hia favour towards him for some other occasion, and excuse him to the King for the declining this honour, which he could not sup- • port." The Duke replied with an offended countenance, ** that he saw he would not accept any honour from the King, that pro- ceeded by his mediation ;** and so left him in apparent displea- sure. However, at the chapter, the Earl of Linds^ was create«l Knight of the Garter with the rest ; and coming afterwards to hear by what chance it was, he ever lived with great civility towards the Chancellor to his death.'* ^
At the King's coronation, exhibiting his claim, for the ex- ercise of that great hereditary office of Lord High Chamberlain of England, and for the reception of such fees and benefits as his noble ancestors had heretofore thereupon enjoyed, he accordingly, on that solemn day, executed the said office of Lord High Cham- berlain, and received those fees and benefits, which were of right his due.
This noble and valiant Earl departed this life at Campden- House in Kensington, July 25th, l666, aged fifty-eight years > and was buried at Edenham, in the vault with his noble father.
He had to his first wife, Martha, daughter to Sir William Cockayn, of Rushton in the county of Northampton, Knight, (ancestor to the Lord Viscount Cullen) widow of John Ramsay, Earl of Holdemesse $ and by her, who died in July, 1641, had five sons and three daughters.
Also by. his second wife, Bridget, widow of Edward Sackville, Esq. second son of Edward Earl of Dorset, and daughter and sole heir to Edward Wray, Esq. groom of the bed chamber to James I. (third son of Sir William Wray of Glentworth in the county of Lincoln*, Knight and Bart.) by Elizabeth his wife, daughter and heir to Francis, Lord Norris, Earl of Berkshire, had three sons, and a daughter Mary, born in lQ40, married to Charles Dormer, Earl of Caernarvon, and died 29th June, 1709 : and of the sona by the second wife, James the eldest, was Lord Norreys by de- scent, and created Earl of Abingdon^ of whom I shall further treat in due place; Edward, who died in his infancy; Henry, ' the youngest, married Philadelphia, daughter to Sir Edward
k L\Sc of Lord Clarendon, vol. ii. p. 44*
DUKE OF ANCASTER. ig
Norrifl^ of Weston, in the county of Oxfprd ; of whom nlore fully under the title of Abingdon.
The daughters of the Earl, by his first wife, were Elizabeth^ married to Baptist Noel, Vx8CX>unt Campdea *, Bridget, to Thomas Osborne, Duke of Xeeds) and Catharine^ to Robert Dormer, of Dorton in com Bocks, Esq.
Of his five sons, by his first wife, Robert the eldest succeeded to the honours and estate.
Peregrine, second sob, a captain in the army, died In 1700^ and is buried at Waldershare ; > having married Susan, daughter and coheir of Sir Edward Monins, of Waldershare in Kent, Bart, by whom he had that estate, and three daughters, Bridget, wife of John, Earl Poolet; Elizabeth, who died unmarried $ and Mary, married first to Anthony Henley, of the Grange in com. Southamp. Esq. and secondly, to Heniy Bertie, Esq. third son of James, £^rl of Abingdon.
Ridiard, third son, a captain in tfato army, was of Creton in Lincolnshire, died unmarried^ in l68S, set. fiifty, and buried at Edenham."*
Vere, fourth son, who having, with his next brother, Charles* received the degree of M. A. in 1665, was on Jtftie 4th, 16/5^ made a Baron of the Exchequer, and a justice of the common pleas on June 15th, 1678 ; having, previously to his being ap* pobted a judge, been secretary to the treasury, and treasurer of the ordnance, but died unmarried, February 13th, 166O.
Charles, the youngest, was seated at Uffington in Lincolnsfalref was representadve in several parliaments for the borough of Stam- ford in that coiinty, died March 22d, 1711, in the seventy->seventh year of his age, and was interred in the chancel of Ufiingtoa church, where a moaomeot is erected fdr him, leaving by Mary his wife, daughter of Peter Tryon, of Harringworth in cdm* Northamp. Esq. (and Mddow of Sir Samuel Jones, of Courtenball in the same county. Knight,) one son Charles, and a daughter Elizabeth, married to Charles Mildmay, Lord Pitzwalter. The said Charles, his only surviving son, married Mary,° daughter and heir to John Norbome, of Great Stewkeley in Huntingdon* shire, Esq. and left Issue <Hie daughter Susanna, married to £d« ward Hales of Lincoln, Esq. brother to Sir Christopher Hales, Bart, and three sons; first, Charles, segted at UffingtcHi, who
■ Where he has si htndaome monument. SeeTopogr. vol. i« p. 17-
• See his epitaph in Geot. Mag. vol. Uncriii p. 19.
n The mx rriage articles are dated jva» 15 sad 141 ijoJ^
20 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.
married Batlisheba, daughter of that eminent phyBtcian, Dr. Mead, who deceased September 13th, 1754, and had issue a daughter Bathsheba, who was buried at Stepney, 17^9, and five sons, Charles, Richard, James, Montagu, and Vere, who died 1747 i and of whom Charles died at his house in Piccadilly, October 21st, 17SO, aged forty-six." Second, Peregrine, of Lincoln's -Inn, Esq. who married, the 23d of December, 1736, Elizabelh, daughter of Edward Payne, of Tottenham Wick in Wiltshire, and had a son Peregrine, bom June 22d, 1739 3 h^hada daughter Sophia, who was b^ptiied in the parish of St. Andrew, Holborn, Sep- tember 1st, 1743. Third, Norbome Bertie, of St. John's College, Oxon, rector of West Deeping, vicar of Fallington in com. Line, and afterwards rector of Uffiagton.
Robert, third EioiL op Lindsbt (eldest son of Montagu, Earl of Lindsey) was sworn of the privy-coundl, December I2th, 1666 ; and March 19th, 1684, he was constituted Lord Lieutenant and Custos Rotulorum of the county of Lincoln. ^ He irst married Mary, daughter and coheir of John Massingberd of London, merchant, descended of an ancient family in Lincolnshire, and widow of George, p only son of Lord Berkeley, by whom he had an only daughter Arabella, married to Thomas Savage, Earl Rivers. And taking to his second wife Elizabeth, daogbter to Philip, Lord Wharton, had by her five sons > and by hu third wife Elizabeth, daughter and sole heir of Thomas Pope, Earl of Down, in Ireland, and widow of Sir Francis Henry Lee, of Ditchley in Oxfordshire, Bart, had one son Charles, and a daughter Elizabeth, who both died unmarried. The Countess their mother died ist July, 1719* His five sons were, ^
First, Robert, his successor.
Second, J'eregrine, who was vice chamberlain of the bonae- hold to Queen Anne, one of the tellers of the Exchequer, member of parliament for Boston in Lincolnshire, and died July lOtb, 1711, without issue.
Third, Philip, who was constituted ^ auditor of the Duchy of Cornwall on September 26th, 1692, and died unmarried, April 15th, 1728.
Fourth, Noreys, who also died unmarried.
And fifth, Albemarle Bertie, youngest son, who was jcbaaen for the ' county of Lincoln in 1705 and 17Q7 ^ lor the borough of
n Coffin Plate. » Bill Signal, i Jac. II.
9 Aubrey's Hist of Surry, vol i p 212.
^ Pat 4 Will, and Mary. ' British Pari. Regist. No. 44, and loi-
DUKE OF ANCASTER. 21
Cokermoath^ in 17O8; aod for Boston * in the parliament vhich sat first on business Janury 23d, 1734-5. He was auditor of the Dachy of Cornwall^ and died anmarried 23d of January 1741-2, leaving his estate to bis grand nephew. Lord Brownlowe fienie, after mentioned*
Robert, first Dukb op Ancastbr, the eldest son, was ^ called np by writ to the house of peers in his fatber^s life time, and in- tiioduced in the boose, April 27tb, 16^, by the title of Lord Wil- kyagbby of Eresby. Sooceeding bis father as Earl of Lindsey, oa May 8th, 1701, be took his seat in the house of peers as Earl of Lindsey, May 28th, ^nd was one of the privy-council to King WiUiaoi III. and Itord Lieutenant and Gustos Rotulorum for the county of Lincoln. He was sworn of the privy council to Queen Anne, June IQtb, 1701, and took his place at the board accord* ingly; and again November 25th, 17O8, after the union of the two kingdoms. On June 24th, 1702, he was again constituted Lord Lieutenant of the county of Lincoln* On December 29.(h> 1706, he was created Mar atris ofLindsey ; and was appointed by George I. one of the Idrds justices of Great Britain, till his arrival from Hanover, when, on October 1st, 171^9 he was sworn of his privy-council, and In the same month made Lord Lieutenant ^ and Gustos Rotulorum for the county of Lincoln : and bis Majesty taking into oxisideration the great services of his ancestors, aod his own merits, was pleased to create him Dukb ofAncastbr and Krstsvbn, by letters patent bearing date July 20th, 1715. His Grace married tp his first wife July 30th, i678, Mary, daughter to Sir Richard Wynn, of Gwedier in the county of Gaernarvon, Bart, who dying September 20th, I689, left issue two sons and three daughters ; Robert, bom February 6th, 1683-4, and died at Wolfenbuttle on bis travels; Peregrine, Duke of Ancaster; Lady Elizabeth $ Lady Eleanor ; * and Lady Mary, who all died unmarried. He married, secondly, Albinta, daughter to major- general William Farrington of Ghisselhurst in Kent, (who after- wards married with James Douglas, Esq. ; she died on July 29th, 1745, and is buried near the communion table in tlie church at Ghisselhurst) by whom he had issue four sons.
First, Lord Vere Bertie, who was member of parliament for Boston in Ltncobshire, and in 1736, was married to Miss Anne
• British Pari. Regist. No. 105.
t Journal I>oin. Procer. Bill. Sigiiat 1 Geo. I.
' She di«i January 11th, 1748, at Griinitliorp» in her sixty-fourth year.
U PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.
Casef ^ of Braanston neaf Lincoln, by whom he had two idas^ who died young ; and two daughten^ Albinia, married Maj 21d^ 1757, to the Honourable George Hobart, since Eari of Bucking* hamahire i and Louisa, married^ April I9th> 1778, to general Sir Charles Stuart, K. B, son of John Earl of Bute. His Lordship died idth September, 17M, aged fifty-nine; and hit widow sunrived till 1778,
Second, Lord Mont^u Bertie, captain in the vary, died 12th December 1753, and was buried at Chisselhurst in Kent. Ht married Elisabeth, y daughter of William Piers, Esq. member of parliament for Wells, by whom he had only two daughters, first, Augusta, married 2^ March 17^8, to John, Lord Burghersh (after Earl of Westmoriand) and died Januaty 3d, 1766; second^ Frances.
Third, Lord Robert, ■ who on May 7t!h, 1752, was appointed one of the aid^de-camps, general of his Majesty's forces, colonel of the second troop of guards, and governor of Duncannon in die kingdom of Ireland. His Lordship was also one of the k>rds of his Majesty's bedchamber, having been in die same station to him when Prince of Wales, and likewise to his fother. On May 20th j 1756, he was on board the Ramillies (then intending to join hia regiment in Minorca) with Admiral Byng, in the engagement with the French fleet off that island, and gave a very clear and candid evidence in behalf of the admiral at his trial in January following. His Lordship, in 1747, was elected for Whitchurch in Hants, and in the four succeeding parliaments for Boston in Lincolnshire. On April 5th, 1762, he wedded Chetwynd* third daughter and coheir of Montslgu late Yiscount Blundell, in Ireland, and relict of Robert late Lord Raymond, by whom he had no issue. ^ And died March 10th, 1782, at bis house in Mor« timer*8treet, London.
Fourth, Lord Thomas, who was made captain of his Majesty's ship the Wfinciiester, March I4th, 1743-4, and sailing to the East Indies^ remained in that station upwards, of four years, and in his return unhappily died coming into the diannd, on tht English coast, July 21st, 1749, and August 6th following, his corpse was carried from Portsmouth in great funeral pomp, to be Interred at Chisselhurst. In whicb church is a beautiiul monu<» ment ornamented with an urn, incircled with a festoon of flowers, between the trophies and naval ensigns of war, in statuary marble,
7 She died Hay 178 1.
DCJKE OF ANCASTBR. 23
and a fea engif^eiiieoC fioely expraBsed in baito rditYO, alio thii inscriptioQ*
" Sacred to those virtueB that adorn a Christian and a sailor^ this maible perpetuates the memory of the Right Honourable Lord Thomas Bertie^ captain in the royal navy. His eminenfc abilities in his profession, and ami^le qualities in private life^ rendered his death universally regretted. Obiit the 29th of July, ^7^> setatis sue twenty-nine. He vas fourth son of the mosl noble Robert, Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven, Marquis and Earl of lindsey, &c. &c. Lord Great Chamberlain of England, by bis second wife Albinia, daughter of lieutenant-general Farrington« Her Grace died July 174^, aged forty-six, 'and is interred near liie oomrounion table."
Also a daughter, i.ady I^uisa, married, in 1736, to Thomas Uod worthy Esq. gentleman of the horse to his Royal Highnesa the Prince of Wales | also one of the grooms of the bedchamber.
And his Grace departing this life on July 26th, 1723^ was succeeded by his only surviving son by his first Lady,
PaaBomiKB, secovd Dukb op Amcastxx, b<Hm April 29tb, 1686, was, OD April 14th, 1702, constituted vice chamberlain to her Majesty Queen Anne ; and in August following, was created doctor of laws at Oxford, on a visit the Queen paid that Univer-* sity i he was elected, in 17O6, one of the knights for the county <9f Lincoln, and in all parliaments whilst he was a commoner. On November 25tb, 17O6, be was awom of the privy-council^ pur^ suant to the act for uniting the two kingdoms. On December isl, 1714, he was appointed Cnstos Rotulorum * of the county of Caernarvon, and on March iGtb, 1714-15, he was summoned by writ to the house of peers, and took his seat as Lord Willougbby of £resby. On May Qth, 1719» he was appointed one of the lords of his Majesty's bedchamber $ and succeeding his father^ in 1723, be wasy on January 3d, following, sworn of the privy- council ', also CMD Febrnary 3d after, appointed Lord Lieutenant and Cnstos Rotnlonim of the county of Lincoln, and city of Lin<* cdn, and county of the same ; in which posts (on September 3(Kh, 1727) h^ was continued by bis late Majesty. And June 21st, 1734, was appointed lord warden, and justice in Eyre, of all hb Majesty's parks, chases, forests, &:c. north of the Trent*
His Grace married Jane, one of the four daughters and co- heirs of Sir John Brownlow of Belt(Mi, in the county of Lincoln,
' Bill Signat. i Geo. I.
U PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.
Bart, and by her he had iasue three sons, and four danghtersy who lived to maturity, viz.
Firsts Peregrine, third Duke of Ancaster.
Second^ Lord Albemarlp, who died May l6ih, 1765, an« married.
Third, Lord Browoiow, the present Duke.
Lady Mary, married in February 21st, 1747*8, to Samuel Oretehead of Guy's Clifib> near Warwick* Esq. and died at her house in Charlotte-street, Bloomsbury, 23d of May, 1774» leaving issue Bertie Gretehead, Esq. well known in the literary work! ) Lady Albinia, wedded in March 1743-4, to John Beckibrd, Esq. and died February 1754 $ X^ady Jane, wedded, 1743, to General Mathews^ she died 21st of August 1793, leaving issue a ton an4 several daughters; Lady Carolina, married March 31st, 1743, to George Dewar, Esq. and died at Broropton, Middlesex, June 13th^ 1774. Her Grace departed this life at Grimsthorpe, on Thursday, August 2j9tfa, 1736 > and his Grace, surviving her, died on Ja- nuary 1st, 1741-^> to whom succeeded his eldest son,
PfiKfiORiNB^ Titian DvMji OF Ancaster, who first married, on May 22d, 1735, Elizabeth, daughter and sole heir to William Blundell, of Basingstoke, in com. Southamp. Esq. relict of Sir Charles Gunter Nicholl, Knight of the Bath j and she dying with- out issue, in December 1743, he married, secondly, November 27tb, 1750, Mary, daughter of Thomas Panton, Esq. ^ master of the King's running horses, and by her Grace (who was mistress of the robes to the Queen, whom she attended in that quality in her voyage from Stade, and at her nuptials and coronation) he had a daughter, Lady Mary Catharine, born April 15tb, 1754, and died on April 1st, 1767 i Peregrine, Marquis of Lindsey, who was bom May 2lst, 1755, and died December 12ih, 1758 $ Robert, late Duke of Ancaster ,- Ix>rd . . . . , born September 14th, ^7S9f but died soon after; Lady Prisciila Barbara Elizabeth, born February I5th, 176I, confirmed February 19th, 178O, Baroness U^UUmghhy ofEresby, married February 23d, I77p, to Peter Burrell, ^ of Beckenham, in Kent, Esq. now Lord Gwyder, jmd Lady Georgina Charlotta, born August 7th, 47^4, married, April 25th, 1791, George Earl of Cholmondely.
His Grace, on February 20tb, 17<11*2, was sworn at St. James's
^ He died December t6th, 1782, aged eighty- two, at Newmarket- c Knighted at. St James's, July 6th, 1781, previous to his appointment to the Deputy Chamberlainship ot England, the 14th of August following.
DUKE OF ANCASTER. 23
4me of his Majesty's most bonoorable privy-couocil $ aod onsti* ttited Lord Lieutenant and Gustos Rotulorum of Lincolnshire. la November 1745^ on the rebellion in Scotland^ his Grace raised a regiment of foot for his Majesty's service ; on March ipth^ 1755, was constituted major-general of his Majesty's forces 5 on February 3d, 1759, promoted to the rank of lieutenant-general, and on May 25di, 1772, raised to the rank of general. On the accessioQ of his present Majesty, October 25th, 176O, he was con- tinued a privy counsellor, a lord of the bed-chamber. Lord Lieu- tenant and Gustos Rotulorum of Lincolnshire, and keeper of Waltham forest in that county $ and at his coronation, September 22d, 1761, his Grace, as Lord Great Ghamberlaio of England, after the regalia were brought to Westminster-hall by the dean and prebendaries of Westminster, delivered them to the lords ap* pointed to carry them, and took his place in the procession. On December I3tb, 1766, his Grace was appointed master of the horse to his Majc^y, having before executed the same office to her Majesty. He was also recorder of fioston, in Lincolnshire, and president of the Lock hospital^ near Hyde Park corner. West* minster.
His Grace departed this life at his seat at Grimsthorpe, on August 12th, 1778 5 and on the 27th of the same month his re- mains were deposited in the family vault at Edenham, about a nile distant from Grimsthorpe, the road between those places being crowded with spectators 5 yet the whole was conducted in a decent and becoming manner, every way consistent with the so- lenaaity of the occasion. The corpse being carried to the grave by eight of his Grace's labourers, amidst the tears and most pun- gent grief of his servants, tenants, and several others, who were wtfU acquainted with, and had formerly experienced, his great humanity. In the chancel is this inscription :
" To the memory of the most noble Prince Peregrine Eertie, third Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven, Marquis and Earl of Lindsey, Earon Willoughby, Beck, and Eresby;, Lord Grpat Chamberlain of England by inheritance, master of the horse to King Geoi^e tlie Third, one of his Majesty's most honourable privy-coubcil. Lord Lieutenant and Gustos Rotulorum of the county of 'Lincoln, recorder of Boston, and keeper of Waltham forest in the same county. His Grace first married on the 22d of May, 1735, Elizabeth, daughter and sole heiress of William Blondell, of Basingstoke in the county of Southampton, Esq. re- lict of Sir Gharles Gnuter Nichol, Kniglit of the Bath} who
26 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.
having died withoat tssae in December 17 A3, he married, No- vember 27ib, 1750, Mary, daughter of Thomas Panton, of New. market in the county of Cambridge^ Eiqi by whom be had inue, first. Lady Mary Catharine, who was bom April 14th, 17^4, and died at Bristol April 12th, 1767-, second. Peregrine Thomas, Marquis and Earl of Lindsey, who was bom May 2l8t, 1755, and died December 12th, 1756^ third, Lord Robert, afterwards Mar-* quis and Earl of Lindsey, who was bora October 17th, 1756, and succeeded his father August 12th, 1778 ; fourth. Lord . . . . , who was born September I4tb, 1759, and died the saooe day; fifth. Lady Priscilla Barbara Elizabeth, now Baroness Willooghby of Eresby, who was born February 14th, 17^1, and married, Feb. ^d, 1779, to Peter Burrell, of Beckingham in the county of Kent, Esq. now Sir Peter Burreil, ELntght, Deputy Great Cham- beriaitt of England, by whom she hath issue the Honourable Peter Robert Burreil, bora March 1782 ; sixth. Lady Oeorgina Char* lotta, bora August 7tb, 1764. His Grace havjog raised a regi- ment of foot for his Majesty's service during the rebellion in Scotland in 1745, was promoted to the rqpk of a general in the army. This noble Duke ever shewed the most unequivocal and zealous attachment to the illustrious family now on the throne of these kingdoms, the^most patriotic ooncera for the preservation of our happy constitutioni and the noost attentive regard to the particular interests of that county over which be presided, and in which, during the recess of parliament, he lived with hospitaiile magnificence and liberality. His Grrace*s death was occasioned by a lingering bilious disorder ; and having for many days fore- seen his approaching dissolution, he took leave of his disconsolate family and afflicted friends, by a most affectionate and solemn farewell. He quitted this world with philosophic tranquillity, and resigned his soul to God with the sure and stedfast hope of a most sincere Christian. He died at Grimsthorpe, August 12th, 1778, in the sixty^fifth year of his age, and was succeeded in titles and estates by his only surviving son,"
RoBEBT, THE FOURTH DuKEy who dying unmarried July Sth, 1779> the title of Baron Willoughby of Bresby, being a barony in fee, became in abeyance between his two sisters i and was nert year confirmed to his eldest sister -, and the other titles devolved upon his uncle. At Edenham he has this epitaph :
** To the memory of the most noble Prince, Robert Bertie, fourth Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven, Marquis and £arl of Lindsey, Baron Willoughby, Beck, and Eresby, Lord Great
DUKE OF ANCASTER. 27
ChimberUiin of England by inheritance^ ))ne of his Majesty's most honourable privy-council, Lord Lieutenant and Gustos Ro- tuloram of the county of Lincoln. Quickness and clearness of apprehension, aided by a memory most happily retentive^ guided by such discernment as ordinary men derive from long repeated observation, and fired by an ambitious desire of real ^ory, secured and ftctlitated to this excellent young nobleman the acquisitioa of ereiy accomplishment, either suited to that eialted station for which he was born, or conducive to his improvement in that most honourable profession in which he chose to follow the splendid example of his renowned ancestors. Indefatigable in this glorious pursuit, he visited fbrdgn, but chiefly ncMrtbem dimes; and with a deep-rooted scorn for all the refinements of enervating luxury, he gloried in the character of a hardy Briton^ and enriched it with the study and observation of the most cele*^ brated military establtsbmeots. But soon the troubles arisen in the western hemisphere suggested opportunities of instruction better suited to the activity of his genius : nor were his loyalty and patriotism restrained by the anxious apprehensions of the tenderett parents, or the earnest intreaties of those noble relations, who saw in*him their present boast, delight, and hope, their future comfort^ protection, and glory. He went over as a volunteer to North America in the twenty-first year of his age, and eagerly embraced every opportunity of distinguishing himself by the most spirited and dauntless exertions, in the service of his King- and cooutry, by sea as well as by land. During his second campaign he received the melancholy tidings of his noble Father's decease. On his return he siHpassed the most sanguine expectations of his friends, his family, and his country. In his person manly grace- fbiness was united to natural dignity ; his manners were elegant without afiectation, his affability was the genuine fruit of universal benevolence, and by the eminent goodness of his heart he shone with peculiar lustre in the several relations of son, brother, and firiend. But it pleased God to giv/B an awful demonstration of the instability of human bliss, and to snatch away this object of general admiration, by a malignant fever, of which he died, un- married, in the twenty-third year of his age, on the 8th of July, 1779 : only eleven months after he succeeded to the hereditary honours of his family." He was succeeded by his uncle,
BXOWNLOW, THE FIFTH AND FBBSENT DuXB OF AnCASTBR,
who represented the county of Lincoln in several parliaments whilst a commoner, aud is one of the vice presidents of the Loci^
28 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.
and British lying-in hospitals. He was appointed Lord Lieate^ nant for the county of Lincoln, January 21st, 1786. He first married, on November 6tb, 17Q2, ta Harriot, daughter and sole heiress of George Morton Pitt, of Twickenham in Middlesex, Esq. but she died in April 1763, and he married, secondly, at St. James's church, Westminster, January 2d, 1769, to Maiy Anne^ youngest daughter of the late major Layard, and by her, who died January 13th, 1804, he had a daughter, born ^th July, 1771, who married on M&y 26th, 1793, Viscount Milsington, eldest son of the Earl of Port more, and died February 10th, 1797.
Ttiles. Brownlow Bertie, Duke of Ancaster and of Kesteven^ Marquis and Earl of Lindsey.
Creations. Earl of Lindsey, in com. Lincoln, by letters patent dated November 22d, 1626, 2 Car. I. Marquis of Lindsey, De- cember 21st, 1706, 5 Queen Anne \ Duke of Ancaster and Kes- teven, in com. Lincoln, June 29th, 17 13* 1 George I.
jirms. Argent, three battering rams, bar-ways, in pale, proper, armed and garnished. Azure.
Crest.^ On a wreath^ the bust of a King (named Barbican) coupt at the breast, and full faced, proper, crowned ducally. Or ; ^ l>eing the crest of the Barons Willougbby. Their crest, as Bertie, is on a wreath a pine tree, proper.
Supporters. On the dexter side, a pilgrim, or fryar, vested in grey, with his staff and beads, argent ; on the sinister, a savage wreathed about the temples and middle with ivy, all proper.
Motto, Loyaute m* oblige.
Chief Seat, At Gnouthorpe in the county of Lincoln : formerly part of the Willougbby estates, and one of the seats of Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, in right of his last wife.
DUKE OF PORTLAND.
BENTINCK DUKE OF PORTLAND.
Henby Bbntihck, Heer Van Dlepenbam jd OvetyMel, where hia family bad flouTiibed for many ages, bad issue three sont ; first, Heniy, bis heir j second, Joseph, a general officer in the servico of the States General ; and third, William, wbo was created Earl qfPorlland : he bad also four daughters, Eleanor, married to the Baron of Nienuren Huishen in OveT/ssrl ; Anne, married lo the Baron of Van Zandenburgb in Utrecht ; Sophia, wife to the Baron of Van Engelenburgh ; and Joanna Maria Van Beu- tinclc, wbo died unmarried, in I70S.
Which WiLLiAu, Eabl ov Pobtlakd, in fais jroath, was page of hoooar to Willtaoi, Prince of Orange, and from thence was advanced to the place of gentleman of his bedchamber. In 1670, he waited on him into England, ■ and his Highness, in a risit to the Unirenity of Oxford, being compliniented with the d^ce of doctor of the civil laws, December 20tb, 1670, Mr. Beottnck had also the same degree then. confi:rred on him. In 167^1 0° ^^^ Prince of Orange's having the small-pox, which had been very &tal in bis &mily. Sir William Temple has made tb'rs ob»ervatton (Memoirs, vol. i. p. g^, gs,) on Mr. Bentinck's care and assiduity : " I cannot forbear to give Monsieur Bentinck the character due to him, Qf ihe best servantl bnvc known in Princes' or private families. He tended his master during the whole course of his disease both night and day ; and the Prince told me, that whether be slept or no he could not tell i but in sixteen days and nights, he never called once that he was not answered by Monsieur Bentinck as if he had been awake. The first time the Prince was well enough to have bis bead opened and combed. Monsieur Bentinck, as soon as it was dons, begged of his master
. Wood'i Futi Oion, p ts6,fSi7-
^ PE£aAG£ OP ENGLAND.
to give him leave to go home^ for he was able to hold ap no longer : he did tOi and fell immediately sick of the same disease, and in great extremity 3 bat recovered jott soon enough to attend the Prince into the field, whefe he was ever next his person.*'
In l677» bis Highness the Prince of Orange sent biro into England^ to solicit Charles II. for his marriage with the Princess Mary, eldest daughter of James Duke of York^ which was hap- pily brought about.
On the said Duke's accessioD to the throne, by the name of James II. February 6tb, 1684-5, his Majesty being apprehensive of the designs of the Duke of Monmouth, then in Hdland, he ordered his envoy Skelton, to get him secured by the States, and sent prisoner into England. ^ Whereupon his Highness the Prince of Orange, not approving of that severe course, be gave the Duke notice of it, and instructed Mr. Bentsock to go privately to Brussels to supply him with money i and to assure his Grace, if he would make the campaign in Hungary, be should be main- tained with an equipage suitable to his quality. But when on King James's solicitation, his Grace was obliged to leave Brussels, and thereupon had landed in England, his Highness sent Mr. Bentinck to King James, * to offer him his assistance both of his troops and person against the rebels; but, through a miscon- struction put on his message, he was coldly received 3 the King telling him> " He should acquaint the Prince^^ that their common Interest required iiis staying in Holland."
In 1688, when the Prince of Orange had thoughts, of an ex- pedition into England, ^ he sent Mr. Bentinck, on the Elector of Brandenburgh's death, with his compliments to Frederick th^ new elector (who, in January 17OI, assumed the title of King of Prussia) to lay before him the state of ailairs^ and to know bow much he might depend upon his assistance; and he was so suc« ces^l in his negotiation, that he carried to his, master a iiill ao- swer to all that was asked of him. He had a great share in that signal revolution whereon our present settlement is founded; in which difficult and important transaction, he shewed all the pra-> dence, dexterity, and sagacity, of a consummate and able statea- man. He was the person * the most entirely trusted by the Prince,
b Hist- of England, p. 42S. « Ibid. p. 43 1.
4 Burnet's Hist of his own time, 8vo. vol ii. p. 4S4. t Burnett ibid. p. 519. His words are, *< the most entirely trvsted and constantly employed by the Prince."
DUKE OF PORTLANIX s^i
and employed in Ihe necessaiy orders for the ^expeditions which vas managed by him with the greatest secrecy ; and never was SD great a design executed in so short a time^ a tnmsport fleet of five hundred vessels having been hired in three days. His High- ness embarked in a frigate of thirty guns, and Mr. Bentinck with him. When King James's army was broken and disbanded^ and that King had dispatched the Earl of Feversham with a message to the Prince at Windsor, ' Mr. Bentinck was ordered by his Highness to arrest and secure him, for his dbbanding the army without order. Also^ by bis Highnesses commands^ he wrote that letter^ s agreeing to his Majesty's proposal of returning to Ho^ Chester, whereby King James went over to France, and abdicated the realm.
On the accession of King William HI. to the throne of these realms, as he had ever been near his Majesty, he^ was made groom of the stole, first Lord of the bedchamber, and 'sworn of his privy-council on February 18th, 1688-9, the day he was pro* claimed. And two days before the coronation, was created Baron Cirencester, Fiscouni Woodstock, and Eari, op Portland, by letters patent, ^ dated April gth, 1689.
** The King's chief personal fiivoor," sayt Burnet, '' lay bo* tween Bentinck and Sidney. The former was made Earl of Portland, and groom of the stole, and continued for ten years to be entirely trusted by the King j and served him with great fide- hty and obsequiousness 5 but he could never bring himself to be acceptable to the Eoglbh nation. The other was made, first. Lord Sidney, and then Earl of Bomney, and was put in several great posts. He was made secretary of state, lord lieutenant of Iiriand, and roaster of the ordnance ; but he was so set on plea- sure, that he was not aUe to follow business with a due appli- cation." k
His Lordship had the command of the Dutch regiment of horBe-guards that came with the King to England, and on his Majesty's ^oing to Ireland they were embarked at Higblake, and saikd thence to that kingdom, in June 1690, and performed very gallantly at the battle of Bojrne, July 1st, where the Earl of Port- land commanded as lieutenant general ; ^ and bad a principal share in obtainiiig the victory. General Douglas punning his advice of^
f Hist Eng. pned. p* ^6. k Ibid p. 5J7.
% Ibid. p. ($0. i BUI Signat. i Willitm and IAaxj.
k Bunieti O. T. vol ii. pi ^. ' Hist of Ens- pned. p. 5991 60a
32 P££RAGE OF ENGLAND.
interaiixing the horse and foot, for their security. On Aaguit 8th following, his Lordship had the command of those forces"* which attacked the Irish that had intrenched* themselves in the . dehles before Limerick, and, routing them, made way £or in- vesting the place j he also attended on his Majesty during that unsuccessful siege, and was further serviceable in the reduction of Ireland.
His Majesty, after his return into England, going to Holland, and forming a glorious congress of princes and ministers at the Hague, in the beginning of 1^91, ^ his Lordship went over with him, and assisted in the conferences at that grand interview. In 16^2, King William embarked early in the spring for Holland, and with him the Earl of Portland $ and after concerting measures for the campaign, was sent by his Majesty to England, for more fpraes/ He arrived at Whitehall, May 2d, being convoyed, from the Maese, by five capital men of war and two fire ships, which afterwards joined the fleet in the Downs.. And soon after his Lordship set out again to wait on his Majesty ; our Gazette re* citing, that the Earl of Portland returned to the camp on Satur- day last, having been sent with a detachment of 2000 horse to ob- serve the enemy, and returned to the King*8 camp at Genap, July 7th, after interrupting the French detachments marching towards the Rhine. He was also in his Majesty's camp at Gram- men, September llth followiqg. In i6q3 he went again over with his Majesty, who arrived at the Maese, April 2d $ and serv- ing the campaign that year, shared in the danger his Maj^ty was exposed to in the unfortunate battle of Landen, ^ July 29th, where he escaped three musket shots, one through his peruke, another through the sleeve of his coat, and a third which left a small con- tusion on his side. The Earl of Portland, ever attending him, was likewise wounded; on which occasion the celebrated John Tillotson, archbishop of Canterbury, wrote him the following memorable letter :
My LoaD,p August 1st, 1^^
" I cannot forbear on this great occasion to congratulate the King's safety and merciful preservation, from the many deaths to which his royal person was so eminently exposed in the late
m Hist« of the royal campaign in Ireland, p zi, 23. * Ibid. p.6ix o Hist of England, vol. ii. p. 6{^. ,
» Birch's Life of Archbishop Tillotsoni p a8a
DUKE OF PORTLAND. sa
bloody engagement. I thank God, from my hedrt, wfao profeefed him in that day of danger, and likewise preserved yoar Lordship's life, wiiich had been so lately restored! I hope the wound your LonSshtp received is not dangeroos, and that it may be healed without losing the use of your hand. "We have got but a very imperfect account of the issue of the whole action, and what has happened since, having received no letters of a later date than the morning after the fight, liy reason of contrary winds.**
His Lordship likewise attended the King the year following; and' his regiment of horse guards were shipped in the river Humes, and sailed for Flanders, April 14th, idQi, where he also made the campaign of that year.
In 16^5 he went on ^ board with the King at Gravesend, May J2th, and was at the famous siege of Namure, and, on a general assault ready to be made, he was sent with Count Horn, by the Elector of Bavaria, to ofier honourable terms to Comit Gniscard the governor, if, for sparing the lives of so many brave nien on both sides, he would surrender ^ but they were to require an answer in half an hour. ^ However, the Earl of Portland, finding the French trifle, did not think it convenient to stay so long j and that city sarrendered on August 4th, after a month's siege.
On his return to England, in consideration of his great ser- vices, he had a grant of the lordships of Denbigh, Brpmfield, and Tale, with other lands in the principality of 'Wales, which being part of the demesnes thereof, the house of comhions, on January 22d, i6Q5'6, addressed the King to put a stop to the pasdng that grant. Whereupon his Majesty,. in answer, was pleased to ex* press himself: *
Gbwtlbmbn, *' I have a kindness for my Lord Portland ; which he has de- served of me by long and faithful services : but I should not have given him these lands, if I had imagined the house of commons oonld have been concerned : I will therefore recall the grants and find some other way of shewing my favour tp him."
And soon after his Majesty conferred on him a grant of the iap\ hoDse of Theobalds, with the demesnes thereunto belong-
-q Hist, of £ng. p. 687. r Ibid. vol. ill. p. 691. ;
• IMd. p. 701.
VOL. II. D
34 P££RAG£ OF ENGLAND.
log, in com. Hertf. and Middlesex ; and also granted to him the office of ranger of the great and little parks at Windsor, which vras, after his decease* conferred on the Duchess of Marlborough.
In that session of parliament his Lordsbip shewed a noble spirit and integrity In resisting an offer made to him on the fol- lowing occasion. In X6g5, there was a report of the house of common s« that some members of both houses had been bribed ia relation to passing an act for establishing the East India Com- pany; audit appeared that 50^000 1.^ were pressed on the Earl of Portland to use his interest with the King that it might pass, which he absolutely refused, saying, he would for ever be their enemy and opposer if they persisted in offering him the money.
His Lordship" had, on February Mth, J 695-6, the first in- formation^ from Sir Thomas Prendergrass, of the intended assas- sination of King William, and, with much importunity, pre- vailed on his Majesty not to take the diversion of hunting, as he designed ; whereby the King ^scaped the danger of that horrible conspiracy.
On February Qth, l6g6-7f he was elected a Knight companion of the most noble order of the Garter, at a chapter held at Ken- sington, and installed at Windsor on March 25th following.
As he constantly attended King William in all the dangera and fatigues of his wars^ both in Ireland and Flanders^ and distin- guished himself on several occasions, he was made general of the horse in the King s camp at Promell, June 6th, 1697. And the same year had the principal management of the peace, which was £rst agreed between him and the Mareschal BoufHers in the fiek}> between the two armies, June 30th, O. S. 1697, and in throe other conferences in July following, and which vyas afterwards formally concluded at Ryswick, September lltb.. Being in Ja- nuary thereafter sent ambassador extraordinary to France, he filled that employment with equal honour to the King, the British nation, and himself, the magnificence and pomp of his public entry, on February 27th following, outshining what had been ever beheld in that gaudy court since the Duke of Bucking- ham's embassy, when he came to demand Mary Henrietta of France in marriage for Charles the first.
About this time, Burnet mentions that Keppel was received into favour, and adds : " he was not cold nor dry, as the Earl of
t Lediard's Life of King William in Hist, of England, vol. ill. p. 453. * Hist, of Conspiracy, p. 154, ct scq-
DUKE OF PORTLAND. 35
RMtland wfts thought to be: who seemed to have the art of creatiog many enemies to himself and not one friend. The Earl of Portland observed the progress of this ftvour with great un* easiness } ihcy grew to be not only incompatible^ as all rivals for £ivoar most needs be, but to hate and oppose one another in every thing, by which the King's afiairs suffered moch 5 the one had more of the confidence and the other much more of the favour } the King had heaped many grants on the Earl of Portland, and had sent him ambassador to France upon the peace 3 where he appeared with great magnificence and at a vast expence, and had many very unusual respects put upon him by that King and all that court ; but upon his return he could not bear the visible su* periority in favour^ that the other was grown up to. So he took occasion from a smaU preference^ that was given him in prgudioe of his own post, as groom of the stole, and upon it withdrew from the court, and laid down all his employments. The King used all possible means to divert him from this resolution, but without prevailing on him. He consented to serve the King still in his uStirSj but he would not return to any post in the household. And not long after he was employed in the new negodation, set on foot for the succession to the crown of Spain." *
After his return from France, in January l^8«g, his Lord- ship was employed by King William in the management of most foreign affiiirs, particularly what related to Scotland, v
In 1701, he and Lord Jersey were the principal persons con« oemed in negociating the Partition Treaty^ for which, in conjunc- tion with others of the ministiy, they were impeached. But *' no articles were afterwards framed against the Earl of Portland^ which was represented to the King as an expression of their re* apect for him." * He was therefore acquitted. ^
He preserved the esteem and affection ^ of his Majesty to his death, being the last noble person with that glorious monarch, * His Majesty, breathing with great difficulty, ^ asked his physician, " if this could last long ?*' To which the doctor replied, ** an hour, or an hour and a half 3 though you may be snatched away in the twinkling of an eye." After that, whilst the doctor was
X Burnet, O. T. vol. u. p- 124. J With which nation however, Burnet sayi, he was very unpopciUf^
* Burnet, O. T. vol. ii p- 274. a Ibid. p. 280.
k The grants of crown land to this ndbleman, which were deemed im* providcDt, excited much public animadversion at the time.
' Hist, of Eng. u( antea, p. 836. 837.
36 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.
leding his poise, the King took him by tiie hand, lajing/ '' I ddi not die jet, hold me fast." Having taken a little of the cordial potion administered tmto him, he faint]/ enqaired for tbe Earl of Portlaody who immediately came to him, and placed his ear as near as he could to his Majesty's nx)Otb ; but though his lipa were seen to move, his Lordship was not able to bear any distinct articulate sound ; and, in a few minutes after, his Majesty, shutting his eyes, expired with two or three soft gasps, March 8th, J701«2.
After which his Lordship went over to Holland, and May 22d, 1707 f arrived at the Hague ; snd the year after the King of Prussia coining from Cleves by water to Hounslaerdyk, which was prepared for his reception, the Earl of Portland, July IQtfa, N. S. 17O8, went thither to compliment his Majesty in tbe name of the States General. On the close of the sanae year bis Lord* ship returned to England, and t>etook himself to a retired life^ living in a most exemplary way ; and dying at his seat at BoU strode, in tbe county of Bucks, November 23d, I70g, in the sixty-first year of 'his age, ^ was buried in tbe vault under the great east window of Henry the;Sev«t)tb's chapelr in Westminster Abbey.
His Lordship married to his first wife Aaine, daughter of Sir Edward Villiers, knight marshal, and sister to Edwani, Earl of Jersey, at that time maid of honour to Mary, Princess of Oriiige^ and .by her had issue three sons, and five daughters, via.
William, who died in his infancy ; Henry, second son. Earl and Duke of Portland ; also another William, who died young in Holland.
Lady Mary, eldest daughter, first married Algernon, Earl of Essex, who leaving her a widow, on January lOth, 1709, she was secondly married in 1714, to tlie Honourable Conyers D*A]x:y» Esq. afterwards Knight of the Bath, and only brother to Robert Earl of Holdernesse ; she died Augtkst 20th, 1726.
Lady Anne Margaretta, second daughter, married Monsieur Duyvenvorde, one of the principal nobles in Holland. Lady Frances Williamjma, third daughter, married William, Lord Byron, and died on March 3^1 st, 1/^2. Lady Efeanora, iburth daughter, died unmarried. Lady Isabella, youngest danghtcFji married, on August 2d, 1714, Evelyn Fierrepoint, Duke of King-* ston, and died on February 23d, 1 727-8.
His Lordship, on May l6tb, 1700, married, secondly Jane* sixth daughter of Sir John Temple, of East Sbcen« in tbe ooosty
* Part*! Hist, of St. reter';, Wcstnitniteri val. ii ]»• ||«
DUKE OP PORTLAND.
Sf
of Sarry^ Bart, sitter to Henry, Lord Viscouot PalmentOD^ and widow of John, Lord Berkeley of Stratton, and by her (who wasj on April t2th, 17 16, appointed governess to the three Princesses, eldest daaghten of his late Majesty, and died on March 26th, J 7^1) had two sons, and four daughters ; Williara, one of the nobles of Holland, where he died October 13th, 1774 3 in 1733, lie. married Charlotta Sophia Hedwige fileonora, Coantess of Al* denbargb, only daughter and heir to Anthony Count Alden* l>org> Arc. .in Germany ; and Charles John, Count Bentinck> one of the nobles of the province of Over Yssel, who married in March, 1738-9, Lady Margaret, second daughter and coheir of William, £arl Cadogan, died at Zorgvliet, March 18th, 1779, aged seventy -one ; Lady Sophia, married on March 24th, l7^-9!» to his Grace, Henry de Grey, Duke of Kent 3 who by her had a daoghter Lady Sophia, married to her cousin John £gertoD, Bishop of Durham ; Lady Elizabeth, married December 18th, 1720, to Dr. Henry £gerton, Bishop of Hereford, brother to his Grace, Scroop, Duke of Bridgewateri she died Novonber Sth^ 1765, and was buried at Brecon in Somersetshire, and was gnmd- motber by him to the present Earl of Bridgewater ; Lady Harriot, married at the Hague, October 15 th, .1728, to James Hamilton, Viaoount Limerick, of the kingdom of Ireland $ Lady Barbara, who married Francis Godolphin, Esq. afterwards Lord Godolphin, and died on April t5th, 173^.
Hbnrt, second £brl and first Ditkb op Poeti,akd, married on June 9th, 1704, the Lady Elizabeth Noel, eldest daughter and eohdr of Wriothesly Baptist^ Earl' of Gkiihsborough, ^ with' whom he bad, among other possessions, the moiety of the lordship of Hcbfield in the county of Southampton, as well as of the said mansion house, s And at this seat the Earl of Portland resided whilst he was a conmioner ; ' and .by hi^afiabiiity and 'hospitality gained the love and esteem of all about him. He was elected one of the noembers for the town. of Southampton, in ** the parliaiheDt jwhich sat first 00 banness, October 23d, 1707$ ahdJn the suc- ceeding parliament, which sat November 18th, 17O8, was re« torbed one of the knights of the shire for the county of South* amptoo, ' i» also^r the town of Southampton. Ob July 2Ut,
f Scmof'QNwTd first Earl of Gainsborough, by Lady Elizabeth ddett daughter and coheir of Thomas Wriothesley, fourth and last Earl of South- ampton, and Lord Hifh Treasurer of England
s PDrmerly the seat of the Wriothesleys, Eirrls of Southampton. , Ji BriiSah BacL Regist.. No. 156. ^ l\fid. No. 1541 iji.
38 P££RAGE OF ENGLAND.
17I0« he was constituted captain and colonel of the first tro<^ of horse guards, "which the Earl of Albemarle resigned to him on a valuable consideration. He was created ^ Marquis of Tic^fieU in com. Southamp. and Duke of PoaTLAtan by letters patent^ dated July 6th, 17 16, 2 George I. and appointed one of the lords of the bed chamber. On September 9th, 1 721, he was appointed captain general and governor of the island of Jamaica ; * and aiw riying at Spanish Town in that ihland, December 22d, 1 722, re- roained there to the time of his decease, at St. Jago de la Vega, July 4 th, 1726, in the forty-fifth year of his age. He was gene- rally beloved* being of a most noble and generous temper, and of sa sweet a disposition, that he made all easy about him. His re- mains were brought over to England, by his disconsolate widow, and dqKwited at Tichfield, where she herself was intert^, March
J 736-7.
They had issue three sons and seven daughters, whereof two sons and three daughters survived them, vie. William, laie Duke of Pari/and.
And Lord (^eorge Bentinck, who was bom on December 24t}i» 1715, and baptized January 23d following, his Majesty King George the First standing godfather in person ; appointed captain of a company of the first regiment of foot guards, on April 17th, 1743 ; being, on June 27th, N. S. that year, in the battle of Dettinghen ; on March 7th, 17^2, appointed one of his Majesty's aid-de-camps, and to take rank as colonel of foot ; constituted colonel of a regiment of foot in 17^4, and died at Bath, without issue, March 2d, 17^9> bdng then a major general, and member for Malmsbury in Wilts.
Their three daughters were Lady Anne, who was married to lieutenant colonel Daniel Paul, who died in January 1748-9, and her Ladyship dying on July 4th, 17^9, was buried by him in Dublin. Lady Anne Isabella, married on November 8th, 1739, to Henry Monk, Esq. of the kingdom of Ireland, by whom she had the Marchioness of Waterford, mother of the present Marquis; •lie died 1783. And Lady Entllia Catharine, who was bom at St. Jago de la Vega in Jamaica, April 5th, 1726, married at Christmas, 1747» to Mr. Jacob Arrant Van Wassenar, of the pio* vinoe of Holland (elected into the body of the nobles of that pro- vince, February 18th, 1755) and died on January lOth, 1756,
i
k Bill Signat. a Geo. I* *He was nuich iojursdixi his fortii» by the South Sen bttbble»
DUKE OF PORTLAND. 39
His eldest son William^ second Dukr of Portland, born on March Ist, 17O8-9, after three yrars travels in France and Italy, returned to England in 1733. In February \7o5, his Grace was appointed a lord of the bedchamber to his Majesty. His Grace was married at Mary-lc-Bone (commonly called Oxford) chapel* Jnly llih, 1734, to tlie Lady Margaret Cavendish Harley, only daughter and heir of Edward, second Earl of Oxford, and Earl Mortimer, by his wife the Lady Henrietta Cavendish, only daughter and heir of John Holies, Duke of Newa^stle, by the daughter and heiress of Henry Cavendish, Duke of Newcastle. "» Their Graces had issue, I«ady Elizabeth Cavendish -{'icntinck, married on May 22d, 1759, to Thomas/Viscount Weymouth, afterwards Marquis of Bath.
Lady Henrietta Cavendish Bentinck, who was one of the sup- porters of Queen Charlotte's train at her nuptials on September 8tfa, I76l> and on May 28th, 1763, married George Henry, the present £ail of Stamford.
William Henry Cavendish Bentinck, the present Duke of Portland.
Lady Margaret Cavendish Bentinck, who died on April 23, 1756.
Lady Frances Cavendish Bentinck, who died an infant, on February 28th, 1742-3.
And Lord Edward Charles Cavendish Bentinck, bom on; March 3d, 1744, married December 23d, 1782, at Mary-le-bone, to Miss Cumberland, eldest daughter of Richard Cuml>erland, Esq. by whom he has several children. He was many years M. P. for Nottinghamshire.
At a chapter of the most noble order of the garter, held at St. James's, March 20th, 1740-1, his Grace was first knighted by his Majesty, and immediately after was invested with the ensigns of that most noble order, and was installed at Windsor, April 21st, 1741. His Grace was also Fellow of the Royal Society, and president of the British lying-in hospital for married women, ia Brownlow-street, Long Acre, London ; one of the Trustees of the British Mttseum; and departing this life on May 1st, 1762, was buried at Tichfield. The Duchess survived till July 7th, 1 785. She inherited the spirit of her ancestors in her patronage of litera- ture, and the arts.
*" Son of the celebrated and loyal William Cavendish, Duke of New* cartk: whose seat at Welbeck, with his laige estates in Nottinshamahire* Derbyshire, and in the North^ Sec. have thus deionded to the Dake of Port* land*
40 . PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.
Willtaai Heniy Cavendish Beotinck, now thibd Dvkb on Portland^ was born on April I4tb, 1738; and at the gienenl election in 17^1 9 was returned one of the uembers for Weoblj in Herefordshire.
On April 5th» 1783, bis Grace was appointed first lord of the treasury; which he resigned on December 27 tb, Ibllowing. On J0I7 llth^ 1794, he was constituted principal secretaiy oi state for the home department^ which he held till JuJy 30Ui, 180] > when he was nominated president of the council* which fie held till 1605; and in the Spring of 1807> he was again appointed first lord of the .treasury. His Grace is a Knight of the Garter» Chancellor of the University of Oxford^ and Lord Lieutenant of Nottinghamshire.
On November 8th, 17^» his Grace was married to Lady Dorothy Cavendish, daughter of William, the late Duke of De- vonshire, and by her, who died June 3d, 1794, he has had issue.
First, William Henry Cavendish, Marquis of Tichfield, bom June 24th, 1768 ; who has for several years represented the county of Buckingham in parliament. His Lordship maiyied, Aug. 4, 1795, Henrietta Scott* daughter of the late general Scott^ by whom he has issue, first, William Henry, bom Aogu^ 21 &t, 1796; second, Caroline, born July 6th, 1799 r third, WiUiam John, born September 18th^ 1800; and two sons^ who died infants.
Second, Lord William H^nry Cavendish, born September I4th, 1774 , late govemor of Madras, and a major general in the army ; who married, February 19th, 1803, Lady Mary Acheaoo, second daughter of Arthur, Earl of Grosford, in Ireland.
Third, Lady Charlotte, born October 3d, J775» married^ March 31st, 1793, Charles Greville, Esq. son of Fulk Greville^ Esq. of Wilbery in Wiltshire, and has issue.
Fourth, Lady Mary, bom March 17th, 1778.
Fifth, Lord Charles, a, lieutenant colonel in tht army^> and captain in the first regimept of foot guards. . , Sixth, Lord Frederick, bom November 2 1st, 1781, also a-lieu* tenant colonel in the army, and captain in the first regimeat of foot guards.
Titles, William Henry Cavendish Bentinck^ Duke of Port* land. Marquis of Tichfield, Earl of Portland, Viscount Woodstock, and Baron of Cirencester.
Creations. Baron of Cirencester, in com. Gloucester, Visoonnt Woodstock, in Oxfoidshire, and Earl of Portland, in com. Dorset^
DUKE OF PORTLAND.
41
April 9th^ l6e9> 1 WtUtam and Mary-y and Marqois of Tich- fields and Duke of Portlaf^d, Jul}r 6th, 1716, 2 George I.
jlrms. Amtre^a cross moline^ Argent.
Cresi. Oa( of a Marquis's coronet^ proper^ two annsi counter ^mbowed, and vested GalefB, gloved. Or, and holding each aa ostrich feathery Argent
Supporter^* Two liont doable quev6e; the dexter^ Or^ the other. Sable. ' . '
Motto. Craignez honte.
Chief Seats, At fidstrode in Buckinghamshire, and at Wd« beck in NottiDgbamshire.
PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.
MONTAGU, DUKE OF MANCHESTER.
Sir Edwahd Montagu, the immediate ancestor of this familj', mas constituted chief justice of the court King Bench, 29 Heoiy VIII. He was the youngnt son of Thomas Montagu, Gfat. vbo died in ISIJ, and lies buried in tlie church of Hcmingtoti ia Northamptonshire.
This family cbim a ilesccnt from the powerful and illuitrioai bouse of Montagu, who make a figare in our aanals as Baroai trom the time of the conquest, and were andentlj £arU of Saht- bury. For this reason a detailed account of that House has been given in all out late Peerages. But I find myself compelled Id throw the brief notice, which I shall take of those czlinct peen,. into a note.*
> Collini and others hjie deducrd the aborc Thomi) Montipi from Simon Moniafu, nho is stated 10 have been yonnEcr brother to John. ibirJ Earl af StlUiMtj i and uncle to Thomai Ihe^rti a«^/iii( Cdr/of SilUbury, of that uame. who died November 3di 1428 Thii Simon ii aliened to hiTo had issue, by Etilabeth Boagh:on, Thomas Montagu, who it uid to have left bjr Chriitiin Bisin John Montigu, whose wife was Alice Hotcot, and their ■on William mtrryinE Margaret Bouling, was father of Richard MonUEU. of Heminston in Northamptonshire) who, by AinesSnellint, was father of the alKife Thomas, who died in 1517, Unfortunately there ii no proof of the ex- istence of thisS'KM; nor of any of I he intermediate fenerations Hut the late Mr. Thorpe, (and it mmi Mr. Anstis concurred in this opinion) sus- pected this family to be deKended from ^oatrt Mmitgti, 1 natural son of Thooias, the last Eul of SalisbUFy. This J araec tin buried in the church of Ludsdowne in Kcnt.of which place he deriTed themanor from his father. See Tbnrpwt Cuitumalt Roffmie, p 115. Th« bordure round the arms of the prcMOt familrfaToun this idea. The question is now of little conKqucnce: a pioud fiunily may be content vriih such a mark onec in m
pUKE OF MANCHESTER. 43
Thomas Montagu, before mendoned, married Agnes^ daughter of William Dudley, of Clopton in Northamptonshire, Esq. and Lad sepulture in the chancel of the church of Hemington^ under a grejr marble, with the figures in brass, of a gentleman and his- wife^ he in a )ong gown, she in the habit of the times 5 and at^ their feet this inscription in a brass tablet :
€€
Of your charite pray for the ioules of Thomas Montagu^ geniilman, and Agnes his ivyff. Which Thomas decessed the 5 day tf September, theyer of our Lard 1517* On whassoules Jesn have mercy.*'
He had two sons, John, who succeeding to the estate, died without issue ; and Sir Edward Montagu, born at Brigstock in the county of Northampton, who being entered in the Middle
have made these remarks with some reluctance $ but truth has extorted them from me.
Drogo de Monte-acuto came over with the Conqueror. From him de^ foeaded William de Montacute* a great Baron in the time of Henry III. whose son« Simon de Montacute, was a great Baron in the time of £dward !• Jind survived till after the Sth of Edward II. His son William, Lord Monta- cute, died 13 Edward 1 1, leaving William Lord Montacute, who was the principal person concerned in seizing Roger Mortimer, Earl of March* at Not* tingham Castle; and was a man of great power and large estates* and ii\ much favour with Edward III. who created him £afi ofSa/ishiryt on March i6th, in the t Lth of his reign. He^nakes ^figure in the pages of Froissart i and is amply noticed by all our historians, as well as in our records. He founded the. Abbey of fiisham in Berkshire* and died 17 Edward III. His Countess was Katherine* daughter of William de Grandison* the.Lady» whose attractions, as it is pretended« gave rise to the Order of the Garter*
William, second Earl of Salishmryt commanded at the battle of PoyticrSf. and filled many high offices. He died June 3d* 1397* (ao &ichard II J and was succeeded by his nephew John, (son of his brother Sir John de Mont»* cute, Lord Montacute)
John, third Earl of Salisbury ^ (whose mother was Margaret, daughter and heir of Thomas de Monthermer) succeeded his father as a Baron before he: came to the Earldom* and fell a sacrifice to his plot for restoring Richard II. His death happened i Henry IV. He was the chief of the sect of Lollards. He left by Maud, daughter of Sir Adam Francis of London,
Thamz9i fourth Earl ofSalishury^ who was killed at the siege of Orleanst 3d November, 7 Henry VI. leaving by Aleanore, sister aAd coheir of Edmund Holland Earl of Kent, one sole dayghter and heir Alice, wife of Richard Nevile, (a younger son of Ralph Earl of Westmoreland; who thence became Earl of Salisbury t and was father of the famous Earl of Salisbury and War- wick, the King Maker.
Earl Thomas had also a natural son^ James MontagUy of Ludadowne in Kent, before ioMntioned.
U ^ PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.
Temple; became such* a proficient in the study of the )aw8« thai in 16 Heavy VIIJ. he was chosen Autumn reader of thiit aocietj^ tp which Done but persons of great learning were then elected. He was ^ also of such authority and account, credit and counter Qfnce, in the house of commons, of which he was speaker, that a bill for subsidies not passing, he was sent for to his Majesty, who said to him, " Ho ! Will they not let my bill pass ?" And laying his hand on the head of Montague (kneeling before him) said, ** Get my bill to pass by such a time tomorrow, or else by such a time this head of yours shall be off." Sir Edward, considering the danger wherein he stood, in regard of the displeasure of such ^n impetuous Prince, wrought so effectually, that, before the time* prescribed^ the bill passed with the approbation of the house, and to his Sovereign's satisfiiction. In 33d Henry VIII. he was called to the degree of seijeant at law, and with others then elected, kept such a magnificent feast at Ely House, in London, forfive days, that it wanted little of a feast at a coronation, the King and Queen, and the whole court, honouring them with their company. In 29 Henry VIII. he was constituted the King's serjeant at law^ and had the honour of knighthood conferred on him the year fol- lowing, and was advanced to the office of lord chief justice of the King*s Bench.
In 81 Henry VII T. he had a grant of divers lands In He-' myngton, in com. Nortbamp. late belonging to Ramsay abbey, and the year following had grants of the manors of Barnwel and Warketon, alias Warton, in the same county.
In 1545, he resigned his office of lord chief justice of the^ King*s Bench, and on November 6th, was constituted lord chief justice of the ComnKm Pleas > a transition which Fuller calls at ** descent in honour, but an ascent in profit.'* He was also of the privy-coancil, and in such high favour and esteem with his Sovereign, Henry VIII. that he appointed him one of those sixteen executors of his last will and testament, who should also be regents of the kingdom, and governon to Edward VI. his son.
The said King Edward appointed his well-beloved coonaellor Sir Edward Montagu, Knight, chief justice of the Common Pleat, with others, commissioners for the receiving and aUowance of all claims of his subjects, to do service at his coronation, which was solemnized on February. 20th, 154/. In 4 Edward VI. he ob-
k MS huj Famil nuper penes pramob. Johann. Due- Montafu-
DUKE OP MANCHESTER. 45
tained a special license to give liveries and badges to forty per- sons, over and above his own menial servants.
Sir John Hayward, in his life of Edward VI. reports^ that the' Dtike of Northumberland^ in contriving the settlement of the crown upon the Lady Jtoe, used only the advice of the lord chief justice Montaga, and secretary Cecil, who furnished the patents* with divers reasons of law, and some of policy in stare. But how far he acted in that affair (which occasioned his imprisonment in the Tower of London, and removal from his office of lord chief justice, in the reign of Queen Mary) noay be seen from the repte* sentation of his case, drawn by himself after his release from the Tower, and printed in Fullers church history : which author, in his Worthies of England, informs us, '' that being outed of his judge's office in the first of Queen Mary, he returned into North-* amptonshire ; and what contentment he could not find in West- minster Hall, his hospitable hall at Bough ton afforded unto him.** Ifis last will ^ and testament (dated 17th Julij, 1^56) manifests his great piety, probity^ and charity. ** He bequeaths his soiil to the Blessed Trinity, and his body to be buried in Christian burial, without great pomp or great solemnity, or common dole distri- buted ; but that alms be sent to the poor people, io their own homes, in the towns next adjoining, if so be he deceased in the country \ but if in London, then such dcde to be distributed as his executors think convenient. He bequeaths legacies fiM* the reparations of the churches of Hemyngton, Wekely, Brigstock, Scaldwell, and Werkton; and to fifty poor maidens 40 s. each', towards their advancement in marriage, and to the intent, they pray for his soul, and the sonls of Roger Raddifl'', Jeffery Radcliff, and Jpbn Asheton, with all christian souls. He wills to his eldissit son and heir, Edward-Montagu, his great ring with a signwynarye in it, which his father gave him, that remaineth in his study at Brigstock; and his ring of gold with bis seal of arms in it; as also hb ring with the best pointed diamond, and his broehe with a blue saphire set in it^ ^shioned like a fiower-de-loce \ whidi ring, with the diamond and broehe, he bought of his father Kirk- ham. He further wills to htm, his maniors, lands and tenements in Werketon, Brigstock, Houghton, Langeport, Mallesliey Hol- wdl, Gillesborough, Briogton-magna, Brington-parva, Grafton, and the parsonage of Wekely, in com. Northam. and all and singular his manors and lands in Wekely, Denfbrd; Benyfidd^
c £z Retitt. Wrastley, in Cur. Prerog. Cut*
4a PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.
SprottoQy Lvffick, and Elting^on^ in the said coooty. And ia Collworth^ Shirenbroke, Souldrop> FelnKrshatn, Luton Hoo^ Fer- toohall, M«chelborne^ Swinesbed, and Woodeod^ in com. Bedf. And in Knighton, in com. Leicest. i Folkesworth, Stiltoz>y Little Stfredey, Much Styvecley, and Alconbery^ in com, Hunt. And all hu leases^ lands, tenements, &c. in the parish of St. Dunstan'a in the West, London. He constitutes executors, his sons Edward and Roger Montagu, and moreover wills, that they sell as much ^hts plate, china> rings, and jewels, as they think convenient ; and that Edward, his eldest son, shall have the remainder, and all his timber and stooe, as well free- stone as rough-stone, lying at Bought on, Wekeley, Brigstock, and Hemynton, or d^where. And if the said £dward died before he was married, to be equally divided between his sons Roger, Thomas,, and William. He settles all his lands in tail-male on his sons, Edward, Roger^ Thomas, William, and Simon, and the remainder to the heirs of bis father Thomas Montagn. He bequeaths to his cousin Sir Edward Sanders, Knight, one of the justices of the Common fleas, his book of abridgments^ and Mr. Englefield's abridgment, in the keeping of Mr. Cordell, the Queen's Highness* solicitor, as Jiis letters shew. Which Sir Edward he makes supervisor of his will, praying him to be an assured friend to his son Edward, and the rest of his children, having handsomely provided for them in bis said will."
This worthy judge, whose motto was, ** ^quitas justitiae norma,** departed this life on February 10th, J 556-7, and was buried at Hemington, ^ on March 5th. following, and hath these following verses engraven on his tomb, much to his honour and commendation.
Montacute, pater legum, jurisq ; peritcs, O Edvarde, Vale, qoem disciplina severa Furit, et improbitas hominum scelerata tremebat. Moribus aotiquis vixisti, pacis amator, Virtutis rigidus custos, vitijq $ flagellum. ' O venerande Senex, te luxuriosa juvenlus, Criminis ultorem metuens, in funere gaudet^ Fatria sed moeret, Sancto Spoliata Catone ^ Qui vixit Justi summus defensor et aequi. Hunc te praeterens. Lector, defende precando.
* Strype's Meniedals> vol* iih p- 314.
DUKE OF MANCHESTER. 4?
He married three wives ; ^ firsts Elizabeth^ daughter of Wil« Uam Laoe^ of Orlingbury, in com^ Nprtbamp. Esq. by whom he had issue three sons, .Ralphs Thomas^ and Robert, who all died young 3 and three daughters, ^ Dowse, wedded to Sir Edward "Watson of Rockingham, ancestor to the late Marquis of Rocking- ham j Anne, to John Rouse, of Rouse Leuche, iu com. Wigorn, Esq. j and Amy, to George Lynne,8 of Southwick, in com. Northam. Esq. His second wife was daughter of George Kirk- ham, of Warmington, in com. Northamp. Esq. but by her he had no issue. His third Lady was Hellen, daughter of John Roper, of Eltham in Kent, attorney general to Henry VIII. and by her (who survived him, and ^ died in May, 1563) had issue five sons and six daughters; Edward ^ Roger of Brigstock^ in com. North*
who died without issue, by Alice his wife, daughter of
Smith i Simon, who married Christian, daughter of
WastUn, and had issue a daughter, Margaret, ^ wife of Sir Stephen Board, of Hill in Sussex. ^ Thomas, of Stivecley, in com Hunt.; William, who died unmarried, on September 28th, l6ig, aged leventy-three, and was buried at Little Oakley, in com. North* leaving his manor of Little Oakley to his nephew Sir Edward Montagu, afterwards Lord Montagu of Houghton.
The chief justice's daughters by bis said third Lady, were,' first, Elizabeth, wife of Richard Cave, of Little Oakley^^ North-* amptonshire, Esq. son and heir of Sir Thomas Cave, of Stanford) in com. Northamp. and secondly, to William Markham, Esq. | second, Eleanor, wife of Greorge Tiirel, of Thornton in Bucks, Esq.) third, Isabel, wedded to Bryan Lascelles, of Gritford in com. Nott. Esq. ; fourth, Mary, married to William Watts, of Blakesly in com. Northam. Esq. ', fifth, Margaret, married to Robert Wood, of Colwick in com. Nott. Esq. ; sixth, Agnes, wife of John Lane, of Walgrave, in com. Northamp. Esq.
EpwAao Montagu, eldest son and heir of the lord chief justice Montagu, was twenty-four years of age at the death of his father, and ^ was elected one of the knights for Northamptonshire, in the firet parliament called by Queen Elizabeth, 1558-9; of which county he^ was sheriff in 12 Elisabeth, having received the
« Ex Stemmatd ^ Ex Regist. Wrastley, ut antea.
'Qu« Lynef a Kortharoptonshtre family.
^ Ex Regist. Chayre* qu »• i MS. St George pnedict.
k Ex Collect. B. WilUs, Arm.
* Fuller's Worthies, in com. Northamp*
48 P££RAG£ OF ENGLAND.
honour of knighthood in I567« His piety, juatiee, and other rare virtues^ were much talked of, and for years remenE>bered in his country. A learned divine^ who preached at his faneval^ assures JOB, that he was a strict obsenrer, noi only of general, but also of special duties : a loving husband, tender father, kind master and landlord, charitable to the poor, an hospitable house^keepcr, a friend to the oppressed, and so pious a ChriiAiaB, both in profes- sion and practice, that he rarely missed being at divine servico both morning and ereniBg i and was, in fine, a wise and good roan, a good magbtratCi and a good conunoaweahh'*s-nian, devot* ing himself so entirely to the service of his country, that neither his health, or any thing else,, came in competition with it. On January 10th, 1601-2, being the Sabbath-day, he percdved a weakness of nature in himself; yet such was his love to his country, and care of his Prince's service, as that finding his strength a Kttle recovered, on the 13th of the same month, he went to Kettering for the subsidy business, where, through weak- ness of body, he found himself not well able to perform his wonted duty; all which warnings it appeals he laid ta heart; forfirom that tirae^ though he shewed no fear of death, yet in his private course, he addressed himself wholly to die, setting aU things ia order against bis end ; and depsrted this life at Boughloo^ on January 26tb, l60l-2, most christianly, easily, and happily; and after his breath expired, appeared yet to live, for neither eouote- nance nor colour had shew of death.
His last will "■ and testament bears date, September 9th, I6OI, wherein '* he first bequeaths his soul to God, trusting by the merits of his son Christ to be* saved, and enjoy life everlasting with God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Ghost, in which biassed Trinity he did most constantly believe : and by bis gracious goodness he had lived to the age, within ten days, of •ixty and eleven years, for which he gave most humble thanks for all mercies shewed to hkn, a miserable sinner, for the same long life.** " And forasmuch as he had settled aU* his manors^ knds, &c. and that all his sons, being six, wereof fnll age, onlj reserving to himsdf his manor of Colworth, he entails it on Edward, his eldest son, and his heirs male ; in default, on each of his sons, and their heirs male.**
He took to wife Elizabeth, daughter of Sir James Harrington^ of Exton, ib com. Rutland, Knight, (who died on May iptb^
" Ex Rcgist. vocat Moiitago, qu. i. in Cur. Preiog. Cant
DUKE OF MANCHESTER. 49
161B) hj whom he leA issue six sons and three daughters, besides twosons^ Thomas and Henry, who died young. His surviving sons were^
First, Edward, ancestor of the late Duke of Montagu.
Second, Sir Walter Montagu, of Houghton, in com. North, who married Anne, daughter and sole heir of Henry Morgan of Yston, cousin and heir of Sir William Morgan,- of Pencoid, in com. Monmouth, Knight, but died without issue, on May 22d« 1615.
Third, Sir Henry Montagu, Earl of Manchester, who was ancestor to his Grace the Duke of Manchester, and the late Eaii of Halifax, of whom more fully.
Fourth, Sir Charles Montagu, who was an officer in the army^ and owner of Cranbrook in Essex } and dying on September 1 1th, 1625, aged sixty-oue, was buried on the south side of the chancel, in the parish church of Barking, in the county of Essex, where a neat monument is erected to his memory. He married, iirst, lattice, daughter of Henry Clifford^ of Keystan, in com. Hunt. Esq. but by her '^ {who was, first, relict of Thomas Malby of London, Gent, and secondly, of John Rotheram of Seymours in' Berkshire) had no issue ; and secondly, Mary, daughter of Sir William Whitmore of London, Knight^ she died 3d of the Nones of July, 1652, aged seventy-seven, (and is buried under a blue marble grave-stone near the altar of the church of St. Mary-le- bone in Middlesex, on which the arms are yet lepble, but the inscription being defaced, may be seen in Le Neve's Monumenta Anglicaoa, vol. ii. p. 14,) by whom he had throe daughters, hit coheirs^ Elizabeth, married. May 8th, 1630,^ to Christopher, Lord HattoD, and died in Guernsey, December 2gth, 1672^ Anne, married, April 24th, i632,p to Dudley, Lord North, and died 168O, aged sixty-seven, ancestor to the present Earl of Gtiil* ford ; Mary, wedded to Sir Edward Bysbe, of Stansted in Essex.
Fifth,. James Montagu, was educated in Christ's College, in the university of Cambridge, and became master of Sidney Col-* lege, where (as Anthony Wood observes) ^ he was noted for his piety, virtue, and learning. When the university went to meet James L on his coming from Scotland;^ his Majesty first took notice of him at Hinchinbroke (the seat of the loyal Sir Oliver
n M.S. St. George pned- o LysoDs'f Env.ii. p 489 p Ibid.
q Atfaenat Oxon. vol i. p. 619*
VOL. II* B
50 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.
Cromwell^ uacle to the Usurper) and was so pleased with hit conversation as a scholar, and his behaviour as a gentleman, that he 6rst made ^ him dean of the royal chapel, and afterwards dean of Worcester, A. D. 1(504. On April 17th, 16O8, he was* con- secrated bishop of Bath and Wells, and eis;ht years after tran-> slated to the opulent bislioprick of Winchester. Also for bis faithfulness, dexterity, and prudence, King James chose him to be one of his privy-council | and, that he might be near him, con- tinued him dean of his chapel, not only when he was bishop of Bath and Wells, but of Winchester likewise i during which time he translated his Majesty*s works into Latin. He was a nursing father to Sidney College, aod to the University of Cambridge in general no small benefactor, in bringing running water, at a great expence, into King's Ditch, which being at first made for its de« fence, was become nauseous to it. He di!»bursed ^ vast sums in repairing the cathedral of Bath, and by his last will and testa-t roeot, desired to be buried there. He died on" July 20th, 16I8, ag^d fifty, and was interred on August 20th following, on the north side of the church $ and over the grave is an altar^monu- ment erected between two pillars of the same church, with hit effigies in full proportion, painted to the life, lying thereon.
*' Being," says Wood, *' a great stickler in the quarrels at Cambridge, and a great master in the art of insinuation, be had cunningly (as one * observes) fashioned King* James's educatioQ unto certain Calvinian opinions ;. to which the King's education in the kirk of Scotland had before inclined him. So that it was no very hard matter for him (having an archbishop also of his own persuasion) to make use of the King's authority for recom-* mending the nine articles to the church of Ireland, which be found would not be admitted in the church of England." ^
Sixth, Sir Sidney Montagu, master of requests to King James L and ancestor to the present Earl of Sandwich,
The daughters were, Lucy, married to Sir William Wray of
' Athense Oxon, vol i. p. yzy * Leneve's Easti Eccl. p. 54.
' Fuller, in com Somers. p. 19. •• Wood- pned.
' P. Heylin in hU <• Observations on the History of the reign of Rm^ Charles, I656, Svo" i.
y Wood, vol i. p. 72J. It docs not appear that Dr Richard Montague, the celebrated high.church bishop was of this family. He was son of Lau- rence Montague, minister of Dorney in Bucks ; appointed bl:hop of Chi^ Chester, 1638, and of Norwich 1688, and died 1641. See Carte's Hist. £ng- tol. iv. p. 1 j;C«.i39, 1401 aoi. And fliog. Diet. val:xi. p. 30.
DUKE OP MANCHESTER. 5i
^lientwortB^ com. Line. Knight, Su<mnna, to Sir Richard Sondes of ThrowJey, com. Lane. Knight, and Tbeodosia, to Sir Henry Capel of Raync in Essex, Knight,
I now return to Sir Henry Montagu, (who was created Earl OF Manchester) third surviving son of Sir Edward Montaga, eldest son of the lord chief jastice Montagu, before treated of.
Which Sir Henry Montagu had in his tender years such vivacity and pregnant parts, that y one, beholding him at school, foretold, '* that be would raise himself above the rest of his family :** which accordingly came to pass. He had a liberal edu* cation in Christ College, in Cambridge; and being afterwards placed in the Middle Temple, London, for the study of the laws, was such a proficient, that be soon acquired a great reputation, and had the honour* of knighthood conferred on him at White- hall, before the coronation of James L being ^ also the same year elected recorder of the city of London.
He was a member in l60], for High am Ferrers.^ In that parliament, Serjeant Hele, having in the debates, on a motion in the house of commons for a supply, said, '* he marvelled much that the house would stand on granting of a subsidy, or the time of payment, when all we have is her Maje«ity*s ; and she may lawfully, at her pleasure, take it from us ; yea, she hath as'inuch right to all our lands and goods, as to any revenue to her crown,'* quoting precetlents to prove it : and the speaker calling to order, (the house having hummed and laughed at the serjeant*s speech,) this Mr. Montagu stood up, and said, <* there were no such precedents -, and if all the preambles to the subsidies were looked upon, it would be found, that it was of free gift 5 and although her Majesty required this at our hands, yet it is in us to give, and not of her to exact duly."
In the parliament called by King James on his accession to the crown, holden at Westminster, on March Ipth, l604,' he was one of the members for the city of London. In that session,** he was the first named in a committee, to continue, repeal, and review the statutes of the kingdom j was also one of the twenty- four, specially appointed to manage a conference with the lords.
J Fuller's Worthies, ia com Nor^iamp. p. 289.
z PhUpot's Cat. of Knights, p 14.
• Strype*s Survey of Lond Book v. pi6i.
> Dewes*s Journal of the House of Commons-
■ Journ. Dom. Com. i Jac. I. « Ibid.
51 P£ERA6£ OF ENGLAND.
concerning the taking away the court of wards ; and> with hii brother Sir Edward Montagu^ Knight of the Bath (after Lord Montagu) was at the head of all debates and oommitteet on afiairs of moment, as the journals of the house shew. In the fourth year of James L he « was chosen Autumn reader of the ho« nourable society of the Middle Temple> and four years after was' called to the state and degree of seijeant at law ; also on February 1 1th ensuing, s constituted the Ktng*s seijeant. In these stations* his eminent abilities and great knowledge in the laws so far re* commended him, that on ^ November 18th, }6l6, he was ad* vanced to be lord chief justice of the King's Bench, wherein he so well dem^ned himself, that King James delivered him ^ the staff of lord treasurer of England at Newmarket, December 3d, 1620, the eighteenth year of bis reign (but his patent^ bears date the 14th of the same month) and on the 19th raised' him to the dignity of a Baron of this realm, by the title of Lord Montagu rf Kimholion, in com. Hunting, and Viscount Manobvil 3 those titles being chose by him, as he was in possession of the castle and lordship of Kimbolton, which many ages since belonged to the family of Mandevil. And by that title, with Sir Lewis Mansd, Knight, and Bart, and William Came, had granted °* him the offices of chamberlain and chancellor of South Wales for life, and to the survivors. He continued in the office of lord treasurer not quite a year: for Sir Lionel Cranfield having married the Ck)untess of Buckingham's niece, was, by the favour of George Villiers, then Marquis of Buckingham, first created a Baron oa July 9th, in the Ipth of King James, and on October 13th fol- lowing, succeeded the Lord Viscount Mandevil as lord treasurer ; but the King finding (as Wilson, ° in the life of King James ob- serves) the Lord Mandevil intelligent in all the great afiairs of state, made him lord president of the council.
On the accession of King Charles I. March 27th, l625,<^ his Lordship was continued lord president, and^ created Earl op Manchbstbr in com. Pal. Lane, on February 5th, in the first year of his reign. The preamble to the patent recites, '< that he was
* Dugdalc's Orig. Jurid p. 219. a. r Ibid. p. 104. in Chmn. scries.
• Pat 18 Jac. pars 19. » Pat. 14 Jac. p. a
I Camden*s Annals, in Hist, of Engl vol ii p- 655.
k Pat. 18 Jac. p. 6. 1 Ibid.
m Rymer, vol xix p. 766. 767.
■ Wilson's Life of King James, in Hist, of Engl, vol ii. p. 7Z7.
*» Heylln's Help to Hist, p 390. p Pat. 1 Car. I. p. 7. n. 14
' DUKE OF MANCHESTER; 53
doscended from the antient and iUastrious family of Montacute; aod that for the space of four years, in the office of chief justice, and afterwards in the execution of the post of lord treasurer, he had behaved with extraordinary fidelity, gravity, and industry -, likewise with no less prudence, diligence, and sweetness of diii- position, had served both the King and his father, as president of their council : therefore his Majesty thought he could do no less than accumulate some honour on a person who had deserved so well both of himself, and the commonwealth.*'
In 1627, ^ his Lordship was made lord privy-seal ; in which office he continued till his death. ^ He was a great speaker in the house of peers, and employed by his Majesty in the delivery ' of several of his messages to them j yet, in those times of trial, pre* served his interest and reputation amongst all good men. He was appointed, on February 28th, 1 626-7, one of the commis- sioners to treat with the Dutch deputies, ' of an alliance between his Majesty and the States .General of the United Provinces. In 1640, he' was one of the regents commissioned to provide for the peskce and safety of his Majesty's kingdom and people, by all good ways and means, during his Majesty's absence in Scotland, and to hear and order ail complaints, &c. And his concern for the peace and welfare of his country, appears as well from other authorities, as from being one of the four ^ lords chosen by the house of peers, in the second of Charles I. to present their peti- tion to his Majesty ; '^wherein they humbly offisred their loyal and faithful advice, to contipue the parliament, by which those great and apparent dangers at home and abroad, signified to them by his Majesty's command^ might be prevented^ and his Majesty made happy in the duty and love of his people, which they held the greatest safety and treasury of a King." Yet this did not pre- vent the dissolution of the parliament, their counsels seeming not grateful to the Duke of Buckingham, ^ who therefore prevailed with the King to put an end to it, before he could well deter- mine, and judge, what their tempers were likely to prove.
'* The lord privy-seal,'* says Clarendon, ^< was of a noble ex- traction^ and of a family at that time very fortunate. His grand-
4 Pat. 4 Car. p. 19. ' Hia- of England, vol iiir p> ai» 2a, et scq Saundersoa's Life of King Charles I. p- 408, Sec.
• Rytner's Foedera, torn xviii p 975
' Rttshworth's Collections, vol. ili p. 1256
* Annals of King CharleS) p- &99< ^ Hist, of Reb. vol. i. p. 26.
54 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.
father had been lord chief justice, and left by King Henry VIIL one of the executors of his last will. He was the younger son of bis father^ and brought up in the study of the law in the Middle Temple -, and hjd passed, and as it were, made a progress through all the eminent decrees of the law, and in the state. At the death of Queen Elizabeth, or thereabouts, he was recorder of London 3 then the King's seijtant at law ; afterwards chief jus- tice of th( King's Bench. Before the death of King Jaoies, by the favour of the Duke of Buckingham, he was raised to the place of lord high tieasurcr ol England: and within less than a year afterwards, by the withdrawing of that favour, he was reduced to the almost en'pty title of president of the council; and to allay the sense of the dishonour created V'ucount Martdeuille.y He bore the diminution very well, as he was a wise man, and of an excellent temp< r, and quickly recovered so much grace that he was made Eurl of AlanchestcTt and lord privy seal, and enjoyed that office to his death ; whilst he saw many removes and degra- dations in all the other offices of which, he had been possessed.
'^ He was a man of great industry and sagacity in business) which he delighted in exceedingly, and preserved so great a vigour of mind, even to his death (when he was very near eighty years of age) that some who had known him in his younger years; did believe him to have much quicker parts in his age than before. His honours had grown faster upon him than his fortunes $ which made him too solicitous to advance the latter by all the ways which ofFer^d themselves $ * whereby he exposed himself to somo inconvenience, and many reproaches} and became less capablo of serving the public by his counsels and authority, which bis known wisdom, long experience, and confessed gravity, and ability, would have enabled him to have done ; most men con* sidering more the person that speaks than the things be says. And he was unhappily too much used as a check upon the Lord Coventry 5 and when that Lord perplexed their councils, and de^ signs^ with inconvenient objections in law, the authority of the Lord Manchester^ who had trod the same paths, was still called upon } and he did too frequently gratify their unjustifiable designs and pretences 3 a guilt and mischief, all men who are obnoxious, or who are thought to be so, are liable to, and can hardly preserve themselves from. But his virtues so far weighed down his infir-
7 Collins says, Lord C. is mistaken in the time of this creatioiu ' Collins observes* that no instance of this appealed.
DtFKE OF MANCHESTER. 55
mitiesy tliat be maintaioed a good general teputation and credit with the whole nation and people^ he being always looked upon as full of integrity 9 and zeal to the Protestant religion, as it was established by law^ and of unquestionable loyalty, duty, and fide* lity to the King $ which two qualifications will ever gather po« pular breath enough to hll the sails if the vessel be properly pro* Tided with ballast.*' He died in a lucky time, November 7th, l642, when neither religion, loyalty, law, nor wisdom could have provided for any raan*s security *, and had sepulture at Kimbolton^ where a noble monument is erected to his memory. ^
He married three wives ; first, Catharine, daughter to Sir William Spencer of Yarnton, in com. Oxon> third son* of Sir John Spencer of Ahhorp, in com. Nortbamp. (ancestor to ^he present Duke of Marlborough) «he died December 7th, l6l2, and is buried at St. Botolph, Aldersgate, London, by whois he had issue four sons> of whom Edward, the eldest, was successor.
Walter Montagu, second son, after being carefully edu- cated iu Sidney College in Cambridge, travelled into France and Italy, wheiB he imbibed such notions of the Romish religion, as induced him to quit his native country, and retire into a monas- tery in France ) at which time he wrote a letter, juMifying the change of his religion, ^ and was answered by Lucius; Lord Vis* count Falkland, A. D. l635. Being of a noble famtif, he was soon taken notice of by Mary de Medicis, the ^ Queen mother of France, who received him into her especial favour, tasking him first Abbot of Nantvetl, of the Benedictine order, in'4he diocese of Metz> and afterwards abbot of St. Martin's Abbey, near Pon- toise, in the diocese of Rhoan. He was also one of her cabinet council, and the chief instrument of bringing the famous Cardinal Mazarine into her &vonr, who, when fixed, shewed himself, in . many respects, ungrateful to him and his friends. Mr. Wood, ^ io his Athenae Oxon. observed of them, that '* Mazarine made it one of his chief endeavours to raise a family, and to do such things as might perpetuate his name ^ but Montagu, who was of a most generous and noble spirit, acted to the contrary, by spending all that he could obtain for public and pious uses.** He was in England in l63Q, ^ and employed by the Queen with Sir Kenelm
a He was author of a book, entitled *' Meditations on Life and Death'* See Park's R* and N. A.
k Wood's Athenae Oxon. vol i fol. $oa.
« Ibid. vol. ii in Fasti, fol. S37. * Wood, ut antea.
c Whitlock's Memorials, p. 31-
S6 PBEBAGE OF ENGLAND:
I
Vighy, to pie?ail with the pspista for a liberal contribution to th^ King, for raiting forces to repel the Scots. In l643» he ' was ap«» prehended at Rochester^ coining to London with letters of conse^ qoence; and though the French ambassador demanded his en^ largement^ as one employed by the King of France, it was deme4 him, and he remained under confinement till 1647* But after two years, on a report from the council, that he was a dangerous person, the parliament, then in being, s voted that " he should depart the nation within ten days, and not return without leave of the house, on pain of death, and confiscation of his estate.*' On his return to France, Henrietta Maria, the Queen Dowager of £ngland, made him her lord almoner, confiding in him, and the Lord Jermyn (afterwards £arl of St. Albao's) more than in an/ other of her servants 3 so that when she designed to pervert the Duke of Gloucester in his religion, and to that end had displaced his tutor, ^ she committed ihe Duke to the care of Mr. Montagu^ her almoner, who having the pleasant abbey of Pontoise, enter- taiaed his Highness there, till Charles U. sent the Marquis of Ormond for him. In 16^9, he^ was sent with the Lord Jermyn to the Kix^ in Flanders, to acquaint his Majesty, that on a peace between the Kings of Sweden and Denmark, France would declare avowedly for him 5 and returning to Paris^ continued in fiivoar with the Q^een-Motherof £ngland till her death, which happened on August lOth, 1669;^ ^^ ^^ himself departing this life, ia 1670, was buried in the church belonging to the hospital of in^ curables at Paris.
James Montagu, third son, was seated at Lackham in WUt«v shire, by marriage with Mary, daughter of Sir Eobert Baynard, of the same plac6; by whom he had issue seven sons, gs also tf daughter, Mary, married to Thomas Ewer of Busby Hall, in cook Hertf. £sq $ and departing this life in February^ 1665, aged sixty^-three, ^ was. succeeded by James Montagu, £sq. his son and heir, from whom the Montagues of Wiltshire descend.
Henry Montagu, fourth son, was master of St. Catharine*^ hospital, near the Tower, and died without issue.
Elizabeih, eldest daughter, was married, August 25th, 1627,"^ to Sir Lewis Mansel of Marg^m, in com. Glamorgan, Knight and Baronet j and secondly, to Sir Edward Sebright, of Besford, in
f Whitlock 8 Memorials, p. yr, i6.> • Whit]ock» p«407.
>> Clarendon's Hist of Rebel- vol- w'l. p 546.
I Ibid* p. 690* k ^thenae Oxon. fol S3 7.
' £k Stcntmate- » Ly&ons's £nv» vol iv. p. 46.
DUKE OF MANCH£ST£H. 5?
Knight and Barcmet; Luqr, second daaghter, was aiarried to Hugh Hare (Lord Colerain) of Longford^ in the coanty of Wilts^ and was buried, 1681, at Tottenham in com. Midd. wbere is a monument to her memory. ^ Theodosia, third ^oghter, died unmarried*
The said Hrnry, first £arl of Manchester, had to hir second wife Anne, daughter and heir to William Wincot, of Langham» in the county of Suffolk, Esq. widow of Sir Leonard Haliday, Knight^ Lord Mayor of London^ 4 James I. but by her had no isaoe.
To his third wife he married, April 26tb, l620| Margaret, * daughter of John Crouch, of Combury, in com. Hertf. Esq. and widow of John Hare, Eaq. of Totteridge, by whom he had issue.
First, George, ancestor to the late Earls of Halifax.
Second, Mary, who died an in^t, and was buried at Tot- tmdge, March 6tii, 1624°'
Third, Susannah, born at Totteridge, March 1624, and roar- . ried there, December 14tb, 1637, George Brydges, sixth Lord Chandos. ^
Fourth, Sidney, bom 1627, and died an infent. ^
Their mother was buried at Totteridge^ December 29th, i6W. '
Her eldest son George, before mentioned, was seated at Hortori in Northamptonshire. At twenty years old, he was elected M. P. for . Huntingdon, November 3d, 1640 5 and M. P. for Dover 166 1 . He died July 9th, 168 1 , set. fifty-nine. By Eliza* beth, daughter of Sir Anthony Irby, he had five sons and fbn^ daaghlers« Charles, hb fourth son, raised himself by his abilities to be chancellor of the exchequer in 16^4 $ and on December 13th, 1700, was created Baron Halifax with a collateral relation to his elder brother Edward, and the issue male of his body. On October 26th, 17 14, he was promoted to be Earl of Halifax, with the same limitations ^ and dying May 19th, 171^, without issue, aged fifky-four, was succeeded by his nephew George, second Earl, whose son George, third Earl, died 177^ having filled many important offices in the state, without issue, on which occasion the titles became extkict.
EowAi^D, SECONQ Eabl OF Manchestbb, hls eldest son and successor, had his education in Sidney Ck>Uegie Cambridge, * where
* Lysons's £nv« vol-iii. p. $32. « Ibid.Tol.iv. p. 46.
p Ibid. 4 Ibid. ' Ibid.
* Wood's Fasti Oxon. vol. ii. fol. 836*
(18^ PEERAGE OF ENGLAND^.
he took the degree of master of arts, and returning from the nni'' versity to court, < attended on Charles, Prince of Wales, when he was in Spain, l623; and, at his coronation, February 2d, 1625 6, was made one of the Knights of the fiath. He was elected one of the knights for Huntingdonshire, in the first parliament called by that roonarch, " and served for the same counSy in three other parliaments, till he was called by writ to the house of peers, as Baron of Kimbolton, his father then living. In 1640, he * was one of the lords who petitioned the King to summon a parliaoaent, ** whereby the causes of the grievances of the nation might be taken away, the authors and counsellors of them punished, and the war with Scotland composed without blood, to the honour and safety of his Majesty, the comfort of his people, and the unit* ing of both realms." And waiting on his Majesty at York the same year, he was with other lords, all popular men (as Lord Clarendon ^ writes) impowered to treat with commissioners oA the part of Scotland, for preventing all acts of hostility, and re« dressing the grievances of the Scotch nation ; which ended in a cessation of arms, and an adjournment of the treaty, from Rippoit to London.
Lord Clarendon gives the following account of him : " The Lord Mandcvile, eldest son to the lord privy-seal, was e person of great activity, and very well bred, and had been early in tiie court undei the favour of the Duke of Buckingham, a lady of whose family he had married. He had attended upon the Prince when he was in Spain, and had been called to the house of peers in the life time of his father, by the name of the Lord Kimbolton, which was a very extraordinary favour. Upon the death of the Duke of Buckingham, his wife being likewise dcpd» h^ married the daughter of the £arl of Warwick ; a man in no grace at court, and looked upon as the greatest patron of the puritans, because of much the greatest estate of all who fkvoared ihem $ and Ibo was esteemed by them with great approbation Bnd veneration : though he was of a life very licentfous and ud-» conformable to their professed rigour, which they rather dispensed with, than they would withdraw from a house where they re- ceived so eminent a protection, and such notable bounty. Upon this latter marriage the Lord Mandevile totally estranged himself from court, and upon all occasions appeared enough to dislike
t Clarendon's Hist vol i. p. i8i. » Ex Collect. Br. Willis, Amk
s Wbitlock's Memorials, p 34> 35 ' Hixx,. of Reb« vol. i. p. tjS
DUKE OF MANCHESTER. 5g
what wfts done there> and engjtged himself wholly in the conver- cation of those who were most notoriously of that party^ whereof there was a kind of fraternity of many persons of good condition who chose to live together in one family at a gentleman's hou86 of a fair fortune near the place where the Lord Mandevile livedo whither others of that class likewise resorted^ and maintained a joint and mutual correspondence and conversation together with much feroiiiarity and friendship : that Lord to support^ and the better to improve that popularity^ (the inseparable effect of espous- ing the liberties of his country) lived at a much higher rate than the narrow exhibition allowed him by his wary father^ could justify^ making up the rest by contracting a great debt^ which Jong lay heavy upon him : by which generous way of living, and by his natural civility, good manners, and good nature^ which flowed towards all men> he was universally acceptable and beloved; and no man more in the confidence of the discontented and factious party than be, and none to whom the whole mass of theit designs, as well what remained in chaos as what was formed^ was entirely communicated, and no man more consulted with. And therefore these three lords (Bedford, Say, and Mandevile) are nominated as the principal agents in the house of peers (though there were many there of quality and interest much superior to any of them), because they were principally and absolutely trusted by those who were lo manage all in the house of commons, and to raise that spirit which was upon all occasions to inflame the lords. Yet it being enough known and understood, that how \n* disposed and angry soever many of them at present appeared to be, there would be still a major part there, who would, if they were not overreached, adhere to the King and the established go* Temroent, and therefore these three persons were trmted without reserve, and relied upon so to steer, as might increase their party by ail the arts imaginable $ and they had dexterity enough to depend upon these three lords, who were looked upon as greater, and as popular men 5 and to be subservient to their purposes, whom in truth they governed and disposed of.
*' Hereupon to satisfy the people, (as further ' related) in one day were sworn^ privy counsellors, much to the public joy, the Earl of Hertford (whom the King afterwards made Marquis) the Earl of Bedford, the Earl of Essex, the Earl of Bristol, the Lord Say, the Lord Savile, and the Lord Kimbolton j and within two
* Hist, of Reb. voM. p. 195-
60 PEERAGE OP ENGLAND.
or three days after, the Earl of Warwick ; being oil persons at that time very gracious to the people, or to the Scots, by whose dec* tioD and discretion the people chose ; and had been all in some umbrage at court, and most in visible disfavour there/' Also when it was thought reasonable^ that such who had the courage to appear against those arbitrary designs, should be provided with places and preferments in the court, whereby they might be able to do their country better service, by preventing the evil councils, which used to spring firom thence, * Lord Kimbolton was among those whom the King resolved to employ ; and the noble author before-mentioned observes, ^ '* that it was great pity it was not fully executed, that the King might have had some able men to have advised or assisted him ^ which probably those very men would have done, after they had been so thoroughly engaged : whereas the King had none left about him in any immediate trust in business (except the Duke of Richmond, and some very few men more about his person^ who always behaved themselves honourably) who either did not betray, or sink under the weight pr reproach of it.*'
. In l641> when both houses (^ parliament had adjourned them-^ selves, and it was thought necessary for the public safety, that committees should be chosen to meet twice a week, or oftiener if Ihey saw cause, during the recess, to transact such business, as bj instructions they were authorized to do ; the Lord Kimbolton * was one of the sixteen lords nominated by the house of peers to be of their committee. But being so much confided in by those of bis party, he was represented, to the King, as an enemy to his Majesty's person and government* by Lord Digby, .who advised bis Majesty (in order to strike a terror into others) to accuse the liord Kimbolton to the house of peers, and five members of the house of commons, of high treason. This the King assented to without consulting any other person than Lord Digby, as Lord Clarendon asserte -y and the extraordinary manner of visiting their lodgings, and sealing up their studies, trunks, &c. together with the King's going to the house of commons, on January 5th, 1641 -2, to demand the live members, occasioned new discontents* and was voted, the highest breach of the privilege of parliameol that could be made. *
The proceedings against the Lord Kimbolton are thus de*
* Hist, of &eb. vol. i. p- 2}2« ni^. i>, ibj^ p. ju.
* Ibid> p*a94.
DUKE OF MANCHESTER. 61
Imred ^ b/tbe noble bistoiiaa before cited, '* the purpoie of rc« custng the members was onlj consulted between the King and Lord Digby ; yet it was generally believed, that the King^s par* pose of going to the house, was communicated to William Murray> of the bed chamber, with whom Lord Digby had great friend* ship ; and that it was discovered by him : and that Lord, who had promised the King to move the house for the commitment of the Lord Kimbolton, as soon as the attorney general should have accused him (which if he had done would probably have raised a •very hot dispute in the house, where many would have joined with him) never spoke the least word; but on the contrary seemed the most surprized, and perplexed with the attorney's im« peachment 5 and sitting at that time next Lord Kimbolton, with whom he pretended to live with much friendship, he whispered him in the ear with some commotion (as he had a rare talent in dissimulation), that the King was very mischievously advised; and that it should go very hard, but he would know whence that counsel proceeded ; in order to which, and to prevent further mischief, he would go immediately to his Majesty 5 and so went out of the house.
" Whereas he was the only person who gave the counsel, named. the persons, and particularly the Lord Kimbolton (against whom less could be said than against many others, and who was more generally beloved) and undertook to prove that the said Lord Kimbolton told the rabble, when they were about the par- liament house, that they should go to Whitehall. When he found the ill success of the impeachment in both houses, and how unsatistied all were with the proceeding, he advised the King the 'fiext morning to go to Guildhall, and to inform the mayor and iddermen of the grounds of his proceedings : and that people might not believe there was any dejection of mind, or sorrow fcnr what was done, the same night the same council caused a pro* clamation to be prepared for stopping the ports, that the accused persons might not escape out of the kingdom, and to forbid all persons to receive, and harbour them 5 when it was well known that they were all together in a house in the city, without any fear of their security. And all this was done without the least communication with any body, but Lord Digby, who advised it; and, it is vtry true, was so willing to take the utmost hazard upon himself, that he did ofier the King, when he knew in what house
ft
« CUrendon, p- 3591 360^
0'2 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.
they were together, with a select company of genilemen, would accompany him, whereof Sir Thomas Lunsford was one, to seize upon tbem^ and to bring them away alive, or leave them dead in the place : but the Kiiirg liked noc such enterprizes."
As this unprecedented council, and the precedent acts (tend^ ing to the subversion of all pro[)erty) naturally produced jealousies and distrusts of the King, in both houses of parliament, so it caused a more strict enquiry into all that bad been done contrary to law 3 and such measures as ended in an unnatural civil war. The Lord Kimbolton was so far from being thought an enemy to his own coutitry, that he was the more caressed by those of his own party ; and they who sided with the King, thought, ^ '* that if any thing had been to be done of that kind, there should have been a fitter choice of the persons, there being many of the house of more mischievous inclinations, and designs against the King's person, and the government, and who were exposed to the public prejudice, than the Lord Kimbolton was $ who was a civil and well natnred man, and had rather kept ill company than drank deep of that infection and poison that bad wrought upon many others."
Also bpth houses of parliament, in their declaration, delivered, on March 9th, 1641-2, at Newmarket, to the King« of the grievances of the nation, among other particulars, set forth, " that they had, according to his Majesty's desire, laid their hands npon their hearts ; they had asked tliemselves in the strictest ex- amination of their consciences ; they had searched their affections, their thoughts, considered tlieir actions ; and they found none that could give his Majesty any just occasion to absent himself from Whitehall, and his parliament ; but that he might with more honour and safety continue there than in any other place. They said his Majesty laid a general tax upon them : if he would be graciously pleased to let them know the partioilars, they should give a clear and satisfactory answer. But they said, they could have no hope of ever giving his Majesty satisfaction, when those particulars, which he had been made l)elieve were true, yet, being produced and made known to them, appeared to be false ; and his Majesty notwithstanding would neither punish, nor produce th<> authors, but go on to contract new fears and jealousies, upon general and uncertain grounds -, affording them no means or pos* sibility of particular answer to the clearing of themselves, of which
e Clarendon* Hist. vol. ii p. 377, ^yS*
1
DUKE OF MANCHESTER. 6i
\hej gave him these instances ^ first, the speeches alleged to be spoken at Kensington concerning the Queen, which had been denied and disavowed ; yet his Majesty had not named the au- thors ; second, the charge and accusation of the Lord Kimbolton, and the five members, who refused no trial or examination, which might stand with the privileges of parliament ; yet no authors, no witnesses were produced, against whom they niight liave repara- tion for the great injury, and infamy cast upon them.
*' They besought his Majesty to consider in what state h6 was, how easy and fair a way he had to happiness, honour, great- ness, and plenty, and security, if he would join with his parlia- ment, and his faithful subjects, m the defence of the religion, and the public good of the kingdom: that (they said) was all they ^expected from him, and for that, they would return to him their lives, fortunes, and utmost endeavours to support his Majesty, hia just sovereignty, and power over them. But, they said, it was not words that could secure them in those their humble de- sires ', they could not but too well and sorrowfully remember, what gracious messages they had from him the last summer, when, with his privity, tlie bringing up of the army was in agitation. They could not but with the like affections rtoall to their minds, how, not two days before, he gave direction for the afore men- tioned accusation, and his owning to Xht commons house that bouse received from him a gracious message, that he would always have care of their privileges, as of his own prerogative $ and of the safety of their persons as of his own children.
'• They said, that which they expected, and which would give them assurance that he had no thought but of peace, and justice to his people, must be some real etfect of his goodness to them, in granting those things, which the present necessity of the kingdom did inforce them to desire. And in the first place, that he would be graciously pleased to put from him those wicked and mischievous counsellors, which had caused all those dangers^ and distractions; and to continue his own residence, and the Princes, near London, and the parliament ; which^ they hoped, would be a. happy beginning of contentment, and confidence between him and his people, and be followed with many succeed- ing blessings of honour and greatness to his Majesty, and of se- curity, and prosperity to them.*'
When the heats and divisions of both parties had caused them to take anns, the Lord Kimbolton^ engaging in the service of the
I I
64 P££RA6£ OF ENGLAND.
parliament, had the command 'of a legiment in t die battle of £dge Hill, October 23d, l642 ; and on November 7 th fbllowing» succeeded his father as Earl of Manchester, In Jane, l643, he^ and the Earl of Bolingbroke were the two lords, who, with ibar commoners,, had the aathority of keeper of the great seal. And having, by his conduct and courage, gained the reputation of an experienced officer, he had committed to him, the same year, * the charge of the associated counties of Essex, Hertford, Cambridge* Norfolk, Suffolk, Huntingdon and Lincoln, with power ^ to levy money out of the sequestered estates in the said counties, towards payment of his army. His Lordship was successful in all the actions wherein he engaged, having no sooner entered on his com- mand, but he forced the town of Lynn, in Norfolk, to surrender to the parliament ; and defeated the Earl of Newcastle's army at Horn Castle in Lincolnshire, on October 11th, killing 500 on the spot, and taking 800 prisoners, 1500 horse, and thirty-five colours.
In April 1644, * he was ordered with 4000 horse, and 5000 foot, to attend the motion of Prince Rupert ; and in May follow- ing, took the city of Lincoln by storm ; which is related by "* RuFjiworth as follows^ *' On Friday the 3d of May, the Earl of Manchester sat down before Lincoln, and after some resistance^ made himself master of. the lower part of the city, the besieged retreating to the minster, and the castle on the top of a high hill $ the next day thtre fell so much rain, as hindered any great action : that night Manchester intended to storm them, and drew up bit loot, and sent for the hbrse from their quarters, to be ready by two of the clock in the morning 3 but the weather continuing so violent, prevented it ; the mount, whereon the castle stands^ being exceeding steep, and, by reason of the rain, very slippery. Next day they had notice of a great body of horse, to the number of five or six thousand, under colonel Goring*s command, were coming to relieve the city 3 this hastened Manchester into a reso-> lution to storm them that afternoon, and to that intent the scaling ladders were brought forth, and the foot were ready to set on ; but understanding the said horse cculd not come up that night, it wat
r Clarendon, wot ii. p. 701. ■ Ibid- toI. iii. p 44-
Whitlock*s Memorials, p. 67. * Clarendon, toI iii. p 32a*
^ Whitlock*s Memorials, p. 68, 69, 71. 1 Ibid, p 8a.
IS Hist Collect vol v- p. 6zo, 6si.
DUKE OF MANCHESTER, • 6fl
put off till next morning ; and to prevent the relief e3q)ieGCed> Cromwel with two thousand horse were sent, to meet them. The foot were ordered that night to lie ^pon the -several quarters of the hill, round about their works^ and to be all in a readineaa to fall on^ when they should hear the great ordnance go off, which was between two and three a clock in the morning, there being then six pieces discharged at once j then in a moment they all bc^n the attack, and, in a quarter of an hour, got up to their works, though the King's forces made a gallant resistance ; and, being under their i^orks, set up their scaling ladders -, whereupon those within left firing, and threw down mighty stones from over their works, which did the assailants more prejudice than their ahot ; yetj at last, up they got, and slew about fifty in their works, and the rest cried for quarter, which was giveii them.*' They '^ took prisoners. Sir Francis Fane the govemour. Sir Charles Dal- hson, and two others, colonels, with many inferior officers, 7OO conmion soldiers, 100 horse, eight pieces of cannon, and arms, ammunition, &c.
The two houses of parliament, taking these successes into con- sideration, passed an ordinance for maintaining the forces under the Earl of Manchester, ^ reciting, '' That whereas the seven as- sociated counties of Essex, &c. in obedience to the order of par- liament, had raised and maintained 14,000 horse, foot, and dra- goons, and with them (within five^ months last past) done many services tending much to the safety of the kingdom, &c.**
His Lordship being thus encouraged both with success, and ■ praivision made for his army, p caused a.. bridge of boats to be made near Grainsborough, the better to hold communication with the Sootish army, and that of the Lprd Fairfax ; and appointing two legtments of foot, with cannon to guard that work, marched from Lincoln to Gainsborough, and the next day, into the isle of Ax- hoim, and from thence by Thorn and Selby, to the leaguer at York, where he arrived on Monday, June 3d, 1644. On his coming there, the city being invested on all sides, the Marquis of Newcastle sent a letter to the Earl of Leven, *' That he admired, the city was beleagued on all sides, without signifying what their intentions were, which was contrary to the rules of ail military discipline, &c." Whereupon the Earl of Leven, and the Lord Fair^x, returned an answer, *' That they designed to j:*ducc the
■ Hist. Col. vol. V. p. 621. o Rushworth, ut ant^.
p Ibid. p. 6j;a.
VW. II. ' F
66 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.
city to the obedience of the parlianeat^ ^c. but that the EaiI of Manchester being equally concerned with themadves, they neither could nor would admit any parley without htm." He theceupoii^ aent the following letter to the Earl of Manchester :
'« My Lord, " The enclosed is the effect of two letters I wiole yesterday, one to the Earl of Leven, the other to the Lord Faii&x; and I had done tlie like to your Lordship then, if I had any assurance of your Lordship^s being in these parts in yonr own person : but since I am now satisfied of your Lordship's being here^ I have thought fit to present the same to your Lordship^s consideration, with this desire, that I may recmve your Lordship's resolution therein ; and so I remaiuj
" My Lord,
'' Your Loidship's *' Most humble servant,
" WiLLIAH NbWCASTLB/'
To which he immediately returned this answer ; '
'' Mt Lobd, '' By fiivonr of his £xcellenc}% the Earl of Leveo, and the Lord Fairfax, I was no stranger to your Lordship's former letters; and your Lordship having now with civility put me in a conjunc- ture with them, I shall desire your Lordship to believe that mf heart is the same with theirs in this business, and their express aioos, in their letter to your Lordship, are fully owned by aie as my sense 5 and therefore if your Lordship will please to read the first letter firom the Earl of Leven, and the Lord Fairfiuc, you shall by that clearly see the resolution of your Lordship's
Most humble servant, Manghsstbe.
Lesaver before York^ Juacgtii* 1644^
The generals after this sent propositions.; which being not Agreed to^ the si^e continued with daily skirmishes till July 1st,* and then, on intelligence of Prince Rupert's advancing with twenty thousand men, they drew off all their forces to Hessam Moor, commonly called Marston Moor, four or five miles firom York, vbere a bloody battle was fought on July 2d. The victory
4 Riishwort|i» p. fiai- ' Ibid. p. M^ k Ibid. p. <jt«
DUKE OF MANCHESTER. §r
wad principalljr gained by the Earl of Manchester's forces; the left wing of horse, ^ commanded by his Lordship, and under him, by lieatenant general Cromwell, having entirely defeated the right ving of the Prince's army, and returning from the chace, gave a Second charge on all the Prince's horse a;id foot, that bad put to flight the right wing of their own army $ whereby the battle, being again renewed, grew^ery desperate j but after the utmost efibrtB of str^igth and courage on both sides, victory inclined wholly to the Earl of Manchester's forces, who took all the Prince's train of artiUer}% and followed the chace with great slaughter, within a mile of York. Here it was that Cromwell (whom the Earl of Manchester had raised from a low fortune, being hit ooontryman) acquired so great reputation, as raised him to the supreme command of the army, whereby he procured himself to be declared Lord Protector of the three nations ; and this was the battle that was the ruin of the King's cause, which ever after declined.
After the army had refreshed themselves, the Earl of Man- chester, on July 4th, marched down to York, ^ and the same night summoned the town to surrender on mercy : whereunto Sir Thomas Glemham, the governor, and the mayor answered, " that they could not yield it on such terms. So that proceeding vigor* OQsly in the siege, they were preparing to storm the town on July 11th, when the besieged beat a parley. Whereupon colonel Montagu (afterwards Earl of Sandwicli) and others being sent into the city, articles were agreed on for the surrender thereof on the 15th. York bcfng thus yielded up, the generals on consul- tation agreed to separate ; ' and accordingly, on July 20th> the Eari of Manchester advanced southward, and quartered his foot that night and the next day at Tadcaster, and on Monday marched to Ferrybriggs, and passed near Ponteftact Castle (a strong gar- rison of the King ;) but being on a march, it was not thought convenient to sit down before it. On Tiiesday, the 23d, he came to Doncaster, and from thence, after taking in y Tickhill Castle;, Sheffield Castle, Bolsover Castle, Welbeck House, and other gar- risons^ quartered his forces about Gainsborough, and returning through Lincoln, drew his army to * encounter the King's forces in their return from Cornwall to Oxford. His Lordship came up
* Rnshworth, p. 653, 6341 63;. u Ibid. p. 637.
s Ibid. p. €41. y Ibid. p. 641, 642, 644*
s Whitlock'9 Memoiiaki p-ioii xo4#
6s PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.
with them at Newberry^ * on Sunday, October 27th> andliig began the attack^ and had a full share in the battle, where both •ides claimed the victory ; but the King after this relieving Don- nington Castle, the parliament were much dissatisfied, and lieute- nant general Cromwell exhibited a charge against the Earl of Man^ ehester, to this effect. ^
" That the said Earl hath always been indisposed and back- ward to engagements, and against ending of the war by the «word, and for such a peace to which a victory would be a dis- advantage; and hath declared this by principles express to that purpose, and a continued series of carriage and actions answerable* And since the taking of York (as if the parliament had now ad- vantage full enough) he hath declined whatever tended to further advantage upon the enemy, neglected and studiously shifted off opportunities to that purpose (as if he thought the Kmg too low, and the parliament too high) especially at Donnington Castle. That he hath drawn the army unto, and detained them in, sud) a posture, as to give the enemy firesh advantage ; and this before hh conjunctions with the other arnues, by his own absolute will, against or without his council of war, against many commands from the committee of both kingdoms, and with contempt and vilifying those commands. And since the conjunction, some- times against the councils of war, and sometimes^ persuading and deluding the council to neglect one opportunity with pretence of another, and that again of a third, and at last, by persuading that it was not fit to fight at all.**
Before Cromwell brought in this charge, the Earl of Man- chester was apprized, that his conduct was questioned; where- upon he ^ gave in this narrative to the house of peers, according to their desire.
** My Lords, *' The trusts, with which the parliament of England have honoured me, are gf so great concernment to the public^ as I should be ^ling in the highest measure to your Lordships, and myself as a servant employed by you, if I should not be sensible of those aspersions which common fame brings to. my ears, so aa^ to endeavour to clear myself from, that ignominious brand of un- faithfulness towards the parliament, who have thought me worth/
* Clareadon's History, yoL iv. p. ^ifi>
» Rushirvrth'l Collect, tol.. v« P'72^ * Ibid. p. 713.
DUK£ OF MANCHESTER. 6^
of thetr Blvoqt and their trust : therefore I look upon this com- mand of your Lordships to give you an account of my late actions, sot only as an addition to your former feyours, but as an advan- tage equivalent to my life, for which I humbly offer your Lord- ships my acknowledgements as your servant.
*' My Lords, " I shall not plead my abilities to serve you, I shall only justify my integrity in your service ; which if any shall contradict, if they be such as have either known me, or seen my actions, when they shall question with tbdr own hearts, I doubt not, but they will there find such results as will give them occasion to ask m^ pardon for the injury they have done mp.
*' My Lokds, ** That which I hear gives the greatest dissatisfaction to the ^rorld in my particular, is the King*s relieving Donnington Casde, , and the armies not engaging with him : to this I shall make a profession in general, that from the time I came to' join with my lord generars army, I never did any thing without joint consent of those that were the best experienced and chiefest commanders in all the armies ; and herein I shall appeal to those who were sent down from the committee of both kingdoms, whether upon all debates my expressions were not these : * I cannot pretend to have any experience in this way, therefore what you shall resolve, I shall observe.' And I am confident, that both they, and all the commanders of the army, will justify my practice made good my professions.
*' Mt Lords, '' At our first drawing up of our armies towards Newberry, when the King lay there secured in his quarters, it was resolved, that our armies should be divided, that my lord generaFs foot, and the city brigade, with the most of all the horse, should march to the west side of Newbeny, and that the foot under my command^ with some horse, should remain on the east side, and that as soon as I should see some warning pieces, and see that they were en- gaged, that then I should make my engagement for a diversion : this ocNumand was obeyed by me, and it pleased Grod, through the valour of my lord general's foot and some horse, we had a very happy success of that service ; but where those horse were, that lieutenant general Cromwell commanded^ I have as yet had
7Q PEERAGE OF ENGLAND;
no certain accoant After this (to omit dor marching from Neirr beny towards Abingidon, and returns thither again^ all which was bf the advice and consent of the council of war) the King haying gathered all his forces together, draws them down towards Wal- lingford, and our constant intelligence gave os, that he intended the relief of Donnington Castle ; wherefore upon the Thursday my intelligence being confirmed, I sent unto major general Skip- ponj to consult what was fittest to be done : we both resolved^ that in regard all our horse were quartered so hr from os^ it was necessary to call them to a rendesvoos the next day, which he accordingly did. I sent likewise unto lieutenant general Crom* vell, to give the like orders to my horse : but he came unto roe, and in a discontented manner expressed himself, asking me^ whether I intended to flea my horse ? For if I called them to a rendezvous, I might have their skins, but* no service from them. I told him my opinion was, that it was absolutely necessary ; for if it were not done, I doubted if we should have them present, when we had most use of them; yet he persisting in his dislike of it, I told him he might do as he pleased. Upon the Friday in the evening, we had certain notice by*a lieutenant that came firom the enemy, that the King's whole army was within five or six miles : hereupon we presently sent to all the horse to be at a ren<* dezvous upon Newberry Wash, by six o'clock in the morning, intending to draw out to fight with the King ; in order to which, ;the ground was viewed by the chief field officers : but on SatoTf day morning, the King had gained his passage to Donnington Castle before any great body of our horse came up, so as it was resolved by all the officers in chief that it was fittest for us to stand upon our defence, and to keep the town of Newberry. About two of the clock in the afernoon the King charged us with horse and foot, near to the works which we bad made, but re- ceived a very happy repulse by our foot. As yet there were only some of my lord general's horse, and some of Sir William WaU ler's come on that side the river that the enemy was. lieutenant general Cromwell had not brought over any horse, notwithstaodr ing 1 desired him that all of them might be brought over on that side of the river, where the present service was : after some few hours, that the enemy had stood facing us, and that the evening drew nigh, the enemy through the favour of the duskishoess of the evening made his retreat, and about this time my horse were coming into the field ; whereupon we all agreed that the horse ihould keep the field that night, and the foot to qoake good their
DUKE OF MANCHESTER. 71
poifs, u ilbgj had notfuntaiiied them the day before, intending to draw oat the next morning to attempt tomething upon the eoemy* In the night we heard that the enemy was marched away $ where- upon order was git en by a general consent, that the horse should follow by break of day ; but in the morning certain intelligence was brought us, that the enemy's whole army was in a body within three miles of us ; whereupon divers of us went to see whether it were true. And afler we had rode about a mile to the top of a hill, we saw the enemy's whole army marching in an orderly retreat. This gave occasion to us all to consider what was fittest to be done, and nciost of the commanders in the army were called together, and there by a general consent^ it was agreed that it was not safe to engage against the King at that present. Many arguments were given ; Sir Arthur Haselri^ used some express sions to this effect ; * That we run a greater hazard than the King did, for if we beat him^ his army would not be ruined, but he being King still, and retreating to his garrisons, he would recruit his army, it being now the winter season } but if he had the better of us, our whole forces would be ruined, and the kingdom in ex-» treme hazard, having no considerable reserve on this side New- castle, so that the enemy might without any opposition march up to the very walls of London.' And after some others had deli- vered their opinions against fighting, this opinion of Sir Arthur Haaelrigg's was seconded by me, and there was not one present who delivered his opinion for fighting with the King at that time ; and I conceive it was as far from our intentions (as it was impertinent for the present purpose) to urge any of these argu- ments as to the final result of the war : in the active and speedy prosecution whereof, as I have often, so I shall still be willing, on all occasions, to hazard not only myself, but all that is dear unto met but it was urged as not expedient to fight at that time, consider- ing our present postore, and by a general consent it was thought fit to march back to Newberry. When we had been some days at Newberry, we heard that the King intended to send a strong party to relieve Basing ; therefore the council of war resolved, that the best way to prevent any such design, was to order all the hone 4^ the armies to keep guards there by turns ; and though ^hen the third night came, that my horse were to keep the guard, lieu- tenant general Cromwell expressed an unwillingness to have any horae go to the guards, yet I conunanded that there should be no ddoy in it, and accordingly it was done. As for the several
n PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.
oiotions of the armies, and the drawing into those <Jkiartdrt wh^ they now are^ it was ordered by the general vote of the coundl of war, not one dissenting. And I think I may with confidence affirm, that there was such an unanimity amongst us, as none acted any thing which was of public concernment, apart from the rest. As to that which may relate to me, I am fully persuaded that the commanders in chief will give me this testimony, that I never concluded any thing without their advice : and I must ac* knowledge, that lieutenant general Cromwell was sensible of. a contradiction in this particular, as when there was but an infor- mation of such a report cast out at London, that I had acted without the advice of the council of war, he professed, * that he was a villain and a liar, that should a (firm any such thing.* That which I did without consulting with the commanders of the other armies, was only such things as had a special respect to my own forces, to keep them from mutinous actions, that they might be ready to commit, in regard of thei^ great necessities and suffer- ings, and of several intimations that were given tbem, that I was the only cause of keeping them there, and that lieutenant general Cromwell was willing and desirous to have them return to their association. In this, I confess, I acted by my own power, to canse them to give obedience to that which I had received orders from the committee of both kingdoms, though 1- shall ever shew as much readiness to serve for the security of the associa- tion, that have honoured me with their favour^ as any other shall do.
** Mv Loads, <' I hear further of a dissatisfaction which is of an older date, ever since my being at Lincoln, that when I received command from the committee of .both kingdoms to march into the west, my backwardness was such, as I gave sharp reproofs to those who mentioned it to me. I cannot but wonder at such a calumny \ lieutenant general Cromwell can witness for me, that as soon as I received the letters from the committee, I consulted with him, and gave him orders that twenty troops of horse should be got ready, and that he should go with them before me, and I would follow with the rest of the horse and all the foot, with what pos- sible speed I could. It is true, that lieutenant general Cromwell made some difficulties in regard of the necessities that his regi- ment of horse were in, which I told him I would endeavour to
DUKE OF MANCHESTER. fs
sopfilj at HantiDgdon, and that I would send to London, to mak^ provision of boots^ and of other things which he wanted^ and •end them to meet him at Reading ; and I made good my pro- mise, as many can bear me witness. Certainly, not only my xe* lation to my lord general, to whom I owe both honour and service, but the public interest, might justly challenge from me a ready obedience to this service.
" My Lords,
'^ Some discontents which then brake forth in my army, was the cause of retarding that service. What those discontents were, and the grounds of them, I dare not so far digress without your command, as to ofifer them unto your Lordships.
'^ I shall only ask your Lordships pardon for the trouble I have given you, and shall beseech your Lordships to look upon me as one, who though I cannot serve you with abilities equal to others, yet in my faithfulness to the cause, in my endeavours for the happiness of the parliament and kingdom, and in my care of your liordships honours, shall give place to none.**
This narrative incited Cromwell to exhibit the charge befofe mentioned; and Lord Clarendon ^ recites these further particulars, ^ That he accused the Earl of Manchester of having betrayed the parliament out of cowardice -, for that he might, at the King's last being at Newberry, when he drew off his cannon, very easily have defeated his whole army, if he would have permitted it to have been engaged : that he went to him, and shewed him evi- dently how it might be done ; and desired him that he would give him leave, with his own brigade of horse, to charge the King's army in their retreat ; and the Earl, with the rest of his army, might look on, and do as he should think fit : but that the Earl liad, notwithstanding aU importuni^ used by him and other officers, positively and obstinately refused to permit him ', giving no other reason but that, he said, if they did engage, and over- throw the King's army, the King would always have another army to keep up the war; but if that army,. which he commanded, should be overthrown, before, the othex under the Earl of Esses: should be reinforced, there would be an end of their pretences ; and they should be all rebels and traitors, and executed and for- feited by the law/'
This pronunciation what the law would do against them^
* Hist of Rebelliooy vol* iv* p. s^t*
if
74 PEEKAGE OF ENGLAND.
was very heavily taken by the parliament, as if the Earl believed the law to be against them, after so many declarations made fay them, ' That the law was on their side, and that the King's anaa were taken up against the law/ The Earl confessed, « ' He had used words to that effect, that they should be treated as traiton, if their army was defeated, when he did not approve the advioe that was given by the lieutenant general, which would have ex- posed the army to greater hazard than he thought seasonable in that conjuncture in the middle of the winter to expose it to.* He then recriminated, that at another time Cromwell discoursing freely with him of the state of the kingdom, and proposing some- what to be done, to which he answered, ' That the parliament would never approve it,' Cromwdl thereupon presently replied, ' My Lord, if you will stick firm to honest men, you shall find yourself in the head of an army that shall give the law to King and parliament }' which discourse, he said, made great impression in him 5 ' for he knew the lieutenant general to be a man of very deep designs ; and therefore he was the more careful to preserve an army which he yet thought was very faithfiil to the parlia- ment.* y
*' This discourse startled those who had always an aversion to Cromwell, and had observed the fierceness of his nature, and the language he commonly used when there was any mendon of a peace ; so that they desired this matter might be thoroughly ex- amined, and brought to judgement. But the other side put aU obstructions in the way, arid rather chose to lose the advantage they had against the Earl of Manchester, than to have the other matter examined, which would unavoidably have made some dia* coveries they were not yet ready to produce." The same nobla author observes, ' " That they were much troubled to find thdr beloved Earl of Manchester, upon whom they depended as a fast friend, by whom they might insensibly have divested the Earl of Essex of all inconvenient authority in the army, appear as unap- plicable to their purposes as the other; whereby hes was at last removed firom all trust, for no other reason, but because he waa not wicked enough. Of the whole cabal, he was, in a thousand respects, most unfit for the company he kept. He was of a gentle, and a generous nature ; civilly bred j had reverence and affifiction for the person of the King, upon whom he had attended in Spain;
' Hist, of Rebellion, toI. iv. p. 561. ' Ibid.
• Ibid* vol. ill. p.2ti.
I
I
DUKE OT MANCSIESTEE. 75
loved his country with too unskilful a tenderness^ and was of so excellent a temper^ and disposition, that the bari>aroiis times^ and the roagh parts be was forced to act in them, did not wipe out, or much deface those marks : insomuch as he was never guilty <^ any rudeness towards those he was obliged to oppress, but per- formed always as good offices towards his old friends and all other persons, as the iniquity of the time, and the nature of the employ^ ment he was in, would permit him to do j which kind of huma* nity could be imputed to very few.
** His second marriage with the daughter of the Earl of War- wick» and the very narrow, and restrained maintenance which ht received from his £ither, and which would in no degree defray the expences of the court, forced him too soon to retire to a country life, and totally to abandon both the coart, and London, whither he came very seld(»n, in many years. And in this re- tirement, the discountenance which his father underwent at court* the conversation of that family into which he was married, the be- witching popularity which flowed upon him with a wonderful lixrent, and the want of those guards which a good education should have supplied him with, by the clear notion of the founda- tion of the ecclesiastical, as well as the civil government, made a great impression on his understanding (for his nature was never corrupted, but remaned still in its integrity) and made him believe that th^ court was inclined to hurt, and even to destroy the country; and from particular instances, to make general and dangerous conclusions. They, who had always been enemies to the church, prevailed with him to lessen his reverence for it j and having not been well instructed to defend it, he yielded too easily io those who confidently assaulted it, and thought it had great errors, which were necessary to be reformed > and that all means are lawful to compass that which is necessary : whcpeas the true logic is, that the thing desired is not necessary, if the ways are un- lawful which are proposed to bring it to pass. No man was coorted with more application by persons of all conditions and qoaltties ; his person was not less acceptable to those of steady and uncorrupted prindples, than to those of depraved inclinations. And in the end, even his piety administered sonoe excuse to hire j Ibr his father^s infirmities and transgressions had so far exposed him to the inquasition oi justice, that the son fonnd it necessary to procure the assistance and protection of those who were strong enough to violate justice itself; and so he adhered to those who were best abje io 4^eAd his father's honouTi and Aereby to secure
76 PEBRAGE OF ENGLAND.
bis own fortanej and concurred with them in their xoott violent designs^ and gave reputation to them* And the coort as unskil- fully took an occasion too soon to make him desperate, hj accusing him of high treason."*
Lord Clarendon (who gave the said relatioD) makes thia farther remark : ** It was some evidence, that God Almightj saw his heart was not so malidous as the rest, chat he preserved him to the end of the confusion ; when he appeared as glad of the King*s restoration, and had heartily wished it long before ; and very few who had a hand in the contrivance of the rebellion, gave so manifest tokens of repentance as he did : and having for many years undergone the jealousy and hatred of Cromwell, as one who abominated the murder of the King, and all the bar- barous proceedings against the lives of men in cold blood, the King, upon his return, received him into grace and &vour, which he never after forfeited by any undutiful behaviour/'
In vindication of his Lordship, it has been said, that he never entertained a thought of altering the government 5 for when the obnoxious counsellors about the King were removed, and his Ma« jesty had made those gracious (;pncessions, so much to the repose and ease of his people, he was well contented; and had no design of taking up arms till the King retiring to York, and his attempt npon Hull made it evident to all men, that he intended to call all those to account who had opposed htm. His Lordship knew too well what he had to expect } yet it appears, that when he had gained the great victory at Marston Moor, with the surrender of York (which Lord Clarendon declares were the primaiy causes of the declension of the King's power) he had then so much the peace of his country at heart, as he recommended it to the parlia* ment to treat with his Majesty, telling them, ^ as Whitlock writes, '' He believed the King would be more inclinable to peace than formerly.*' And when hu Lordship, the Earl of Essex, and the Earl of Denbigh, gave up their commissions, on April 3d, 1645, on account of the self-denying ordinance, the commons ^ appointed a committee to consider of gratifying them for their faithful ser* vices, and hazarding their lives and fortunes for the public : also on December 1st, 1645, after a debate in parliament, about pro- positions to be made to his Majesty for a peace, ^ it was voted that the Earls of Northumberiand, Essex, Warwick, and Ftem-
8 With what exquisite acuteness this is drawn !
k Whitlock's Memorialfy p- 91. ^ Ibi(L p. 135. k Ibid. p. 18I.
DUKE OF MANCHESTER, 77
•
broke> thould be made Dukes^ and the Earls of Salisbury and Manchester should be made Marqaisaes. And his Majesty at that time proposing a personal treaty with both houses of pariia* ment at Westminster^ bad such an opinion of the Earl of Man* Chester's desire of peace^ ' that he nominated him, among others^ he was willing to commit the trust of the militia to, for such time, and with such power, as was expressed by the commissioners at Uxbridge, believing them to be unexceptionable persons.
His Lordship was speaker*" of the house of peers, and used his utmost endeavours for healing the breaches of the nation, by a peace with the King; but the army opposing all pacific noea- fuies, thought that unhappy Prince the only obstacle to their ab- solute sway 3 and therefore by cunning devices, and modelling the house of commons> undutifully brought him to the block. The house of peers abhorred the murder of the King, and the Earl of Manchester never after sat in parliament, till April Odth, l6da, at the meeting of the peers who voted the restoration of Charles II* He had ** all the prejudice imaginable against Cromv/ell, and was hated by him above all men, so that he endeavoured to take away his life; and in the year 16^1 procured his Lordship to be discharged from the chancellorship of the University of Cambridge. ^ On the King's return, he was again elected chan- cellor of that university; which, with his being of ^ the bed- chamber, and of the privy-council to his Majesty, together with his white staff as Lord Chamberlain, and his being made a Knight of the Garter, and the Lieutenancy of Huntingdonshire, was as much honour as he desired, or a subject could well bear.
HJa Lordship by his prudent management, p and seasonabk advices and consultations with General Monk, was particularly instrumental in the King*s restoration, beings present at that conference in Northumberland house, where their opinions co» operated vnth General Monk.*3 long concerted scheme of restor- ing the King* When the parliament met, on April 25th, l660, he was called to the chair of the house of peers, and officiating as speaker, ' received the King's letter to that noble body ; ' and also^ on May ^th following, he was declared, both by lords and
1 Whitlock's MemodaUi p. 191*
m Clarendon's Hist. vol. v. p. 63. a Ibid.
o Leneve's Fasti Eccl. Angl. p. 391.
p Burnet's Hist of his own time, p. 85.
^ CUreqdim's Hist* vol. vi. p. 733. ' Hist, of Ensilandi vol. iii. p. 139.
• Whitlock'f MeniQzialsr p* 7m*
7B PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.
eotDcnoDSi fint lord commissioDer of the great seal of England. On the joyful entry of his Majesty, on May 29th, the Earl of Manchester being appointed by the lords to congratulate his re- turn to his subjects^ made this just and memorable speech to him, in the banqueting house at Whitehall. ^
•
'' That this day may prove happy to your Majesty, is the hope, the expectatioDy and the earnest desire of my lords the peen, whose commands are upon me, to make this humble tender to your Biiajesty, of their loyal joy for your Majesty's safe return to your native kingdom, and for this happy restoration of your Ma- jesty to '3rour crown and dignity, after so long, and so severe a tuppreuion of your just right and title.
" I shall not reflect upon your Majesty's sufferings, which have been your people's miseries } yet, I cannot omit to say, that, IM the nation in general, so the peers, with a more personal and particular sense, have felt the stroke that cut the guardian knot, which fastened your Majesty to your kingdom, and your king- dom to your Majesty.
'' For since those strange and various fluctuations and discon»- posures in government, since those horrid and unparalleled viohi- tioos of all order and justice, strangers have ruled over us» even with a rod of iron : but now, with satisfaction of heart, we own, and see your Majesty, our native King ; a son of the wise ; a son of the antient Kings $ whose hand holds forth a golden •cepter.
'' Great King ! Give me leave to speak the confidence, as well jis the desires, of the peers of England : be you the powerful de- fender of the true protestant faith -, the just assertor and main- taiaer of the laws and liberties of your subjects : so shall judge- •ment ron down like a river, and justice like a mighty stream ; •and God, the God of your mercy, who hath so miraculously pnserved you, will establish your throne in righteousness and in
Dread Sovereign ! I offer no flattering titles, but speak the words of truth ; you are the desire of three kingdoms^ the strength and the stay of the tribes of the people j for the moderating of extremities, the reconciling of differences, the satisfying of all in- terests, and for the restoring of the collapsed honour of these nations. Their eyes are toward your Majesty 5 their tongues,
< Heath's Chron. of the late intestine war» p. 4(2.
DUKE OF MANCHESTER. 7»
vith load acdamations of jaj, speak the thooghts and loyal u^ tentions of their hearts ; their hands are lift up to heaven with preyers and praises; and what oral triampfecaQ equal this your poffip and gloiy ?
** Long noajr yoor Majesty live and reign a support to yooF fiiendsy a terrw to your enemies^ an honour to your nation, and an example to KingSy of piety, justice, prudence, and powers that this prophetic expression may be verified in your Majesty^ King Charles the Second shall be greater than ever was the greatest of that name.*'
To this most memorable speech bis Majesty made this most graciooa answer.
• ** Mt Lord,
" I am so disordered by my. journey, and with the noise stift sounding in my ears (which 1 confesss was pleasing to me, because it expressed the affections of my people) as I am un£t at the pie* tflDt to make such a reply as I desire ; yet thus much I shall say unto yoo, thai I take no greater sads&ction to myself in this my charge, than that I find my heart really set to endeavour by aU means for the restoring of this nation to their freedom and happi« ness : and I hope, by the advice of my parliament, ta effect it. Of this also you may be confident, that next to the honour c£ God, firom whom principally I shall ever own this restoration ta my crown, I shall study the welfare <^ my people > and shall not •dy be a true defender of the fiuth, but a >ust asiertor of th^ lawsr ssd liberties of my subjects/'
On reporting his Majesty's answer, the lords offered th^ thanks of their house to his Lordship> for so justly expiessing dttir sense to his Majesty*
It being thus evident, that his Ix>rdship cherished all cndea* voDis tendiing to the restoration of King Charles II. and witb great fled> afiection and iiidustry> piomoted the same, his Ma-, jes^ held it fit to honour and reward this noble peer, by making^ him of his council, and of bis bedchamber, as also lord cham- berlain of his household, in wUch great chaige. Sir Edward Walker/^ who knew hhn well^ has observed^ ^ that h^ behaved
» Six Edward W^kefi Hist* Aoc. of Knj^a of >hie Gsr. MS. fhsnes Job- AastUAsm- '
60 F££RAG£ OF ENGLAND.
himsdf with that honour^ candour, and great civility, as he joitlf obtained the affection and respect of all men.*' Finally, to evi- dence the further value and esteem his Majesty had for him, he was elected a Knight of the most noble order of the Garter, * at a chapter held at Whitehall, on April ist, l66l. At the corona- tion of the King, y on April 25tb, he had the honour to bear the sword of state before his Majesty > and was also * one of the lords commissioners appointed to call together such persons as were to be made Knights of tbe Bath. Also at the restoration he was, together with Edward, Earl of Sandwich, constituted Lord Lieutenant and Gustos Rotulorum of the county of Huntingdon ; and on July l6th, l660,^ Gustos Rotulorum of tbe cotmty of Northampton. On a war with the Dutch in.l6^, he^ waa chosen as the most proper person to prevail with the city of London to lend his Majesty 100,000/. which was advanced with great readiness, on his Lordship*s speech delivered in Guildhall, London, on December 1st : and the city having before advanced the like sum, the Earl of Manchester tendered to the Lord &fayor, &c. the resolution of the lords spiritual and temporal, and com- mons in parliament $ " that the thanks of both houses of parlia- ment be given unto the city of London, for their forwardness in assisting his Majesty ; and in particular, by furnishing him with several great sums of money, toward his preparations, for the honour, safety, and trade of the nation.**
In 1665, after waiting on his Majesty in his progress in the west, his Lordship, and the Earl of Clarendon, were tent from Salisbury to Oxford, to provide lodgings for the King, during. the winter, by reason of the plague then raging in London and West* minster $ ^ and thereupon, on September 8th, he was incorpo- jrated master of arts in that university (the same degree he had taken at Cambridge) with great solemnity, the chancelior, vice chancellor, and masters, being present, and tlie orator of the uni- venity cnaking an eloquent oration. On July 2d, l668, he^ had tbe. honoui^ to entertain his Majesty, his Royal Highness James J)nke of York, and Prince Rupert, at his house at Waltham. And at length ended his days at Whitehall, ' about twelve o'clock
X Sir Edward Walkefs Hist Ace. pned.
r Baker's Chron. 7th Edit. p. 739 . Heath's Chron p. 480.
• Bill Signat. la Car. II. b Hist, of England, toL iii. p. a7i.
c Wood*s Fasti Oxon. vol. ii. p, 836.
* historians Guide, p. 71 . t Hist of Eivg.\oL iii p joS.
DUKE OF MANCHESTER. 81
at nighty on May 5th^ 1671/in the nxty-mnth year of his age,' much to the regret of the King, and the grief of the whole court, as the accoont of his death, published by authority in the Grazette, flets forth. He was pretty well, and ' abroad the day before, and died of the cholio. ** He was,*' sayis s Echard, *^ a great and a pnUic instrument in the miseries of the civil wars, and after- wards a yery considerable one in the restoration ; when he Viewed himself the most real and unaffected penitent of his party, and pnblicly declared some things, mnch to the honour of King Charles the Fint." ^ He was buried at Kimbolton, and on his coffin is,
Deposttum
Nobilissiroi et lUustrissimi Donuni, Dm
Edwakdi Comitis Manckesirus, Vice Comitit
Mandbtillb, Baronis de Ktmholton, Hospi«
tij Dni Regis Camerarij, Vniversitatis
Cantabrigiae Chancellarij, Carolo 2^**, Regi
Augustissimo k Secretioribus Consilijs, No-
bilissimique Ordinis Garterij Equitis, Qui
apud WhiiehaU piissimd in Domino ob-
dormivit V. die Maij Anno ^ Christo natQ
MDCLXXI. j£taUs SUA LXIX.
His Ixnrdship married five wives ; first, Susanna, daughter of John Hill of Honiley, in Warwickshire, Esq. by whonfhe had no issne } secondly, Anne, daughter of Robert Rich, Earl of War- wick, by whom he had issue Robert, his son and heir, also two daaghten.
Frances, married to Henry, son and heir of the celebrated Dr. Robert Saunderson, Bisbop of Lincoln.
And Anne, to Robert Rich, Earl of Holland and Warwick.
His third wife was Essex^ daughter of Sir Thomas Cheek, of Piigo, in, com. Essex, Knight, and widow of Sir Robert Bevil, of Chesterton, in com. Hunt. Knight of the Bath. A monument is erected to thd m^nory of this Essex, in tlie chancel of Kimbolton cfaorch, in Huntingdonshire, with an inscription informing u»
^ Peck's Defid. Curios, vol. ii. t Hist of England, p. 878.
^ Bumet saysy ** he was a man of a soft and obliging manner f of no great depths but uniYersaliy b^loved^. being both a virtuous and a generoui nuuk" O. T. vol i p. 9>.
TOL. II. o
82 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.
tbat she died on September 2Bth, l658,^ and that she left Lordship six sons and two daughters, ^ and nursed seven of them "with her own breasts.
Her siK 8008 were/ first, Edward; second^ Henrj, of the Inner Temple^ who died in 16S1 ; third, Charles j fiiurth, Thomas^ who was fellow of Bennet College, Cambridge, and died in l674; fifth, Sidney; and, sixth, George. The two daughters, were, Essex, married to Henry Ingram, Lord Viscouot Irwin, ancestor to the late Lord Viscount Irwin ; and Lucy.
His Lordship's fourth wife was Eleanor, daughter to Sir Richard Wortley, of Wortley, in com. Ebon Knight^ and Bart, and widow of Sir Henry Lee, of Quarendon, in com. Bucks, Knight, and Bart, ancestor of the late Earls of Litchfield ; and his fifth, the Lady Margaret, daughter to Francis Russell, Earl of Bedford, widow of James Hay, second Earl of Carlisle, as also of Robert Rich, Earl of Warwick and second Earl of HoUand; but by neither of them had any issue,
Robert^ his eldest son and successor, thikd Earl of Man- chester, was born in the parish of St. Margaret's, Westminster, and™ christened on April 25tb, l634. He was returned one of the knights for Huntingdonshire, " to that parliament began at Westminster, on April 25th, in l660, which voted the retarn of Charles If. and thereupon was one ® of the six lords, members of the house of commons, deputed by them to wait on the King at the Hague, to present the humble invitation, and supplication of the parliament, ** that his Majesty would be pleased to return, and take the government of the kingdom into his hands } where he should find all possible affection, duty, and obedience from all his subjects.** At the coronation of the King, he p was one of the four lords who bore up his Majesty's train ; and was ^ s^ain re- turned one of the knights for the county of Huntingdon, to that which was after stiled the Long Parliament.
On the decease of his father, he succeeded not only as Earl of Manchester, but also. as one of the gentlemen of the bedchamtier
i She died at Twickenham in Middlesex, z9th October* 16581 acoordine loLysons. See£ov-vol iii- p 590-
" There was also a daughter Lady Lucy» baptized at Twickenham » May i5thf 1655- Lysons*s £nv. vol iii. p 590-
1 £x Stemmate- m £x Regist. Eccles.
« List of Parlm- from 16401 to the Restoration* p. 61. » Clarendon's Hist. yol« v. p. 768, 769. p Baker's Chron. 7th Edit, p 738 4 Ex Collect. Brown Willis» Arm.
DUKE OF MANCHESTER. 83
to his MajestjTy and took ' his place in the house of peers, on Fe« bruary 4th^ 1672 ; but travelling into France^ died at Monlpelier^ on March 14th^ l682| and was buried near his father at Kim- boltoD.
His Lordship married Anne, daughter of Sir Christopher Ydverton, of Easton Mauduit, in Nortbanaptonshire, Knight and Bart, (ancestor of the late Earl of Sussex) and by her (who after- wards married Charles Earl of Halifax) had issue five sons and four daughters ;
First, Edward.
Second^ Henry^ who both died infants.
Third, Charles^ who succeeded to the honours, and estate.
Fourth, Robert, who was elected one of the knights for Hun€« ingdonshire, * to the two first parliaments, called in the reign of William and Mary, and died unmarried in the year \6g3.
Fifth, Heneage, ^ returned for the county of Huntingdon, to the parliament summoned to meet at Westminster, on November 22d, 1695 3 and on the death of Sir Francis Lawley, in l6gd, sue- ceeded him as master of the jewel office ; but accompanying his brother the Earl of Manchester in his embassy to the republic of Venice, died there A, D. I698.
Lady Anne, eldest daughter, was married to George Howard, Earl of Suffolk $ Lady Elizabeth, second daughter, to Sir James Montagu, Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer ; and died March 15th, 173O; Lady Catharine, third daughter, to Samuel Edwin, of Lanvihangel, in the county of Glamorgan, .Esq. son and heir of Sir Humphry Edwin, Lord Mayor of London j and dying January 3d, 1732-3, was buried next month at Lavihangel ; Lady Eleanor, youngest daughter, died unmarried, on July 3d, l6gs.
Charles, fourth Earl and first Duke op Manchester, the eldest surviving son, had all the advantages of education both at the University of Cambridge, and abroad -, and being early distinguished for a manly behaviour, and polite address,